Changes

   

   

'''Congenital causes:''' Polycystic kidney, congenital hypoplasia

'''Congenital causes:''' Polycystic kidney, congenital hypoplasia

'''Vascular causes:''' Arteriosclerosis, renal artery stenosis, diabetic nephropathy, haemolytic uremic syndrome, vasculitis

'''Vascular causes:''' Arteriosclerosis, renal artery stenosis, diabetic nephropathy, haemolytic uremic syndrome, vasculitis

'''Glomerular disease:''' Various types of glomerulonephritis (primary glomerular disease such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and IgA nephropathy)

'''Glomerular disease:''' Various types of glomerulonephritis (primary glomerular disease such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and IgA nephropathy)

'''Intestinal diseases:''' Chronic pyelonephritis, vesico-ureteric reflux, tuberculosis, calcinosis, analgesic nephropathy

'''Intestinal diseases:''' Chronic pyelonephritis, vesico-ureteric reflux, tuberculosis, calcinosis, analgesic nephropathy

'''Obstructive uropathy:''' Calculus, prostatic hypertrophy, pelvic tumours

'''Obstructive uropathy:''' Calculus, prostatic hypertrophy, pelvic tumours

'''Auto-immune diseases:''' Lupus, systemic sclerosis

'''Auto-immune diseases:''' Lupus, systemic sclerosis