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{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Vipaka
|title=Vipaka
|titlemode=append
|titlemode=append
|keywords=carakasamhitaonline, charak samhita, caraka samhita, ayurved, Vipaka, Vipaka in ayurveda, Indian System of medicine
|keywords=carakasamhitaonline, charak samhita, caraka samhita, ayurved, Vipaka, Vipaka in ayurveda, Indian System of medicine, post digestive effect, pharmacology, ayurveda, deole y.s., basisht g.,Bhojani M.K., Joshi Sumedh, dravyaguna, what is vipaka, what is effect after digestion, herb, properties,
|description=Vipaka means post digestive effect
|description=Vipaka means post digestive effect
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Vipaka
|title = Contributors
|label1 = Section/Chapter/topic
|label1 = Section/Chapter/topic
|data8 = July15, 2022
|data8 = July15, 2022
|label9 = DOI
|label9 = DOI
|data9= In process
|data9= {{DoiWithLink}}
}}
}}
|}
|}
==Assessment of vipaka (vipakaupalabdhi hetu)==
==Assessment of vipaka (vipaka upalabdhi hetu)==
Vipaka can be determined by the action of the [[dravya]] on the body. Prediction of the vipaka is always confined to the logical inference obtained after examining the effects on the whole body. The ingested substance undergoes complete process of digestion and exhibits particular action on [[dosha]], [[dhatu]] and [[mala]], which can infer vipaka.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/59-60] Perception of vipaka is done through increased or decreased states of [[dosha]]s in the body. [A.S.Sutra Sthana 17]<ref name=Sangraha/>
Vipaka can be determined by the action of the [[dravya]] on the body. Prediction of the vipaka is always confined to the logical inference obtained after examining the effects on the whole body. The ingested substance undergoes complete process of digestion and exhibits particular action on [[dosha]], [[dhatu]] and [[mala]], which can infer vipaka.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/59-60] Perception of vipaka is done through increased or decreased states of [[dosha]]s in the body. [A.S.Sutra Sthana 17]<ref name=Sangraha/>
==Assessment of vipaka==
==Assessment of vipaka==
Vipaka of any [[dravya]] shows its effect on [[dosha]], [[dhatu]] ([[shukra]] in specific) and [[mala]] (urine and faeces specifically). Though it is difficult to assess the effect of [[dravya]] on any [[dosha]], the effect on [[mutra]] (urine output) , [[purisha]] (faecal output and consistency) and effect on [[shukra]] (sperm count) can be assessed in experimental models. Several studies have done on experimental models to assess vipaka of an extrapharmcopoeal drug, Flemingia strobilifera (L).W.T.Aiton<ref>Bidhan Mahajon, Ravi Shankar B, Remadevi R (2014), Assessment of vipaka (metabolism) of a new medicinal plant in animal model, Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Volume 3(11): 427–434</ref> and to compare vipaka of some samana and vichitra pratyayarabdha dravya.<ref>Jadoun Anuruchi, Solanki S K, Ashok B K, Dwivedi R R (2012), Pharmacological study to assess the vipaka of certain Samana & Vichitra Pratyayarabdha drugs in albino rats, Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Volume 1(11), 620–628</ref> Parameters like body weight, food consumption, water intake, fresh and dry faecal output and food conversion ratio were assessed and statistical analysis was done to evaluate the effect of the [[dravya]]. In the chosen dose and duration of pharmacological study selected samana and vichitra pratyayarabdha drugs showed apparent impact on [[koshtha]] related parameters as per their vipakas (post digestive effects) although the observed results are non-significant. Further studies are needed to design perfect pharmacological model for assessment of vipaka of a new or unknown [[dravya]].
Vipaka of any [[dravya]] shows its effect on [[dosha]], [[dhatu]] ([[shukra]] in specific) and [[mala]] (urine and faeces specifically). Though it is difficult to assess the effect of [[dravya]] on any [[dosha]], the effect on [[mutra]] (urine output) , [[purisha]] (faecal output and consistency) and effect on [[shukra]] (sperm count) can be assessed in experimental models. Several studies have done on experimental models to assess vipaka of an extrapharmcopoeal drug, Flemingia strobilifera (L).W.T.Aiton<ref name=Bidhan>Bidhan Mahajon, Ravi Shankar B, Remadevi R (2014), Assessment of vipaka (metabolism) of a new medicinal plant in animal model, Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Volume 3(11): 427–434</ref> and to compare vipaka of some samana and vichitra pratyayarabdha dravya.<ref>Jadoun Anuruchi, Solanki S K, Ashok B K, Dwivedi R R (2012), Pharmacological study to assess the vipaka of certain Samana & Vichitra Pratyayarabdha drugs in albino rats, Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Volume 1(11), 620–628</ref> Parameters like body weight, food consumption, water intake, fresh and dry faecal output and food conversion ratio were assessed and statistical analysis was done to evaluate the effect of the [[dravya]]. In the chosen dose and duration of pharmacological study selected samana and vichitra pratyayarabdha drugs showed apparent impact on [[koshtha]] related parameters as per their vipakas (post digestive effects) although the observed results are non-significant. Further studies are needed to design perfect pharmacological model for assessment of vipaka of a new or unknown [[dravya]].
==Contemporary approach towards vipaka==
==Contemporary approach towards vipaka==
#Anagha Vishwas Ranade, Amey Shirolkar, and Sharad Daulatrao Pawar have given different insight to concept of vipaka by explaining it on the basis of gut microbiota. It says, the holistic mechanism of gut microbiota coincides to some extent, with the doctrines of [[Ayurveda]] in the context of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.<ref>Ranade AV, Shirolkar A, Pawar SD. Gut microbiota: One of the new frontiers for elucidating fundamentals of Vipaka in Ayurveda. Ayu. 2019 Apr-Jun;40(2):75-78. doi: 10.4103/ayu.AYU_210_18. Epub 2020 Mar 20. PMID: 32398906; PMCID: PMC7210818.</ref>
#Anagha Vishwas Ranade, Amey Shirolkar, and Sharad Daulatrao Pawar have given different insight to concept of vipaka by explaining it on the basis of gut microbiota. It says, the holistic mechanism of gut microbiota coincides to some extent, with the doctrines of [[Ayurveda]] in the context of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.<ref>Ranade AV, Shirolkar A, Pawar SD. Gut microbiota: One of the new frontiers for elucidating fundamentals of Vipaka in Ayurveda. Ayu. 2019 Apr-Jun;40(2):75-78. doi: 10.4103/ayu.AYU_210_18. Epub 2020 Mar 20. PMID: 32398906; PMCID: PMC7210818.</ref>
#Chakrapany Sharma and Chandan Singh have put forth a review to interpret [[Ayurveda]] theory of vipaka v/s pharmacokinetics. They have concluded that, the term vipaka in [[Ayurveda]] covers a broad area that is not limited up to the metabolism, only. All kinds of [[agni]] (jatharagni, dhatvagni and bhootagni) works one by one on ingested diet or drug. This helps to liberate the molecular substance from the chemical structure of ingested diet or drug, assimilate and absorbs in body at the site of action.<ref>Sharma, C. and Singh, C., 2015. Interpretation Of Ayurveda Theory of “Vipaka” V/S Pharmacokinetics: A Review. WJPR, 2015, Volume 4, Issue 5, 935-946</ref>
#Chakrapany Sharma and Chandan Singh have put forth a review to interpret [[Ayurveda]] theory of vipaka v/s pharmacokinetics. They have concluded that, the term vipaka in [[Ayurveda]] covers a broad area that is not limited up to the metabolism, only. All kinds of [[agni]] (jatharagni, dhatvagni and bhootagni) works one by one on ingested diet or drug. This helps to liberate the molecular substance from the chemical structure of ingested diet or drug, assimilate and absorbs in body at the site of action.<ref>Sharma, C. and Singh, C., 2015. Interpretation Of Ayurveda Theory of “Vipaka” V/S Pharmacokinetics: A Review. WJPR, 2015, Volume 4, Issue 5, 935-946</ref>
#Bidhan Mahajon, Ravi Shankar B., Remadevi R. conducted an experimental study for assessment of ‘vipaka’ (metabolism) of a new medicinal plant, Flemingia strobilifera of family Fabaceae. They have studied various parameters like body weight, faecal output, urine output, water intake etc. and concluded that the drug has katu vipaka.
#Bidhan Mahajon, Ravi Shankar B., Remadevi R. conducted an experimental study for assessment of ‘vipaka’ (metabolism) of a new medicinal plant, Flemingia strobilifera of family Fabaceae. They have studied various parameters like body weight, faecal output, urine output, water intake etc. and concluded that the drug has katu vipaka.<ref name=Bidhan/>
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==References==
==References==
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