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== Types and stages of samadhi ==
== Types and stages of samadhi ==
<p style='text-align:justify;'>Maharishi Patanjali described the types of samadhi in the form of stages. Every kind of samadhi is the precursor of the next samadhi. <br/>Broadly samadhi can be divided into two types: </p>
<p style='text-align:justify;'>Maharishi Patanjali described the types of samadhi in the form of stages. Every kind of samadhi is the precursor of the next samadhi. <br/>Broadly samadhi can be divided into two types: </p>
<ol>
<ol style='text-align:justify;'>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Sabeeja Samadhi/ Savikalpa Samadhi/ Salambana Samadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Sa (with) + Beeja (seed- object of meditation). <br/>So, sabeeja samadhi is the stage of samadhi that is attained by focusing or concentrating on any object called Pratyaya by Maharishi Patanjali. <br/>There are two subtypes of sabeeja samadhi: </span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Sabeeja Samadhi/ Savikalpa Samadhi/ Salambana Samadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Sa (with) + Beeja (seed- object of meditation). <br/>So, sabeeja samadhi is the stage of samadhi that is attained by focusing or concentrating on any object called Pratyaya by Maharishi Patanjali. <br/>There are two subtypes of sabeeja samadhi: </span></li>
<ol type="a">
<ol type="a">
[[File:Samadhi types.jpg|right|Samadhi types]]
[[File:Samadhi types.jpg|right|Samadhi types]]
Samadhi is of 6 types, according to the path one can follow to reach the state of samadhi.
Samadhi is of 6 types, according to the path one can follow to reach the state of samadhi.
<ol><li style="font-weight:bold">Dhyanayoga samadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Meditating while performing shambhavi mudra will give bliss and help in reaching the samadhi state.</span></li>
<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li style="font-weight:bold">Dhyanayoga samadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Meditating while performing shambhavi mudra will give bliss and help in reaching the samadhi state.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Nadayoga samadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Nadayoga samadhi is practiced by doing the bhramari pranayama and focusing on the humming sound of the breath.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Nadayoga samadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Nadayoga samadhi is practiced by doing the bhramari pranayama and focusing on the humming sound of the breath.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Rasananda samadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">While performing khechari mudra, the practitioner gets to taste Bhahmarandhra.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Rasananda samadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">While performing khechari mudra, the practitioner gets to taste Bhahmarandhra.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Rajayoga samadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Rajayoga samadhi is one in which one feels connected to Paramatma, and inner conflicts vanish away. </span></li></ol>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Rajayoga samadhi: <span style="font-weight:normal">Rajayoga samadhi is one in which one feels connected to Paramatma, and inner conflicts vanish away. </span></li></ol>
=== Samadhi in Buddhism<ref name="ref17">https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/samadhi</ref> ===
==== From Theravada (A major branch of Buddhism) ====
<p style='text-align:justify;'>Samadhi is the state of firmly fixing the focus on one object, eventually leading to one-pointedness. Three stages of samadhi-
<ol><li>Parikamma samadhi- preparatory stage </li>
<li>Upachara samadhi- in deep meditation but not yet achieved the one-pointedness. </li>
<li>Apanna samadhi- attainment. </li></ol></p>
==== From Mahayana (A major branch of Buddhism) ====
<p style='text-align:justify;'>Samadhi means the set of three concentrations- Shunyata (emptiness), Apranihita (devoid of any wishes), Animitta (Oneness)</p>
=== Samadhi in Jainism<ref name="ref18">Padarth vigyana, Dr. Heeralal R. shivhare, chaukhamba publishing house, 2017, ch. 1 page no. 10.</ref> ===
<p style='text-align:justify;'>In Jainism the concept of samadhi can be understood by Nirvana. Jain Darshan tells about the Teerthankar (24). They are the one who found their teertha; liberation from the death and re-birth cycle. Nirvana is the final stage of liberation or moksha.</p>
== Samadhi as a treatment: ==
<p style='text-align:justify;'>Samadhi is advised as a treatment for atatvabhinivesha (perversion of intellect). [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 10/ 63] </p>
=== Application of Samadhi in daily life: ===
<p style='text-align:justify;'>In the present scenario of improper lifestyle, people indulge in activities that lead to excess stress, anxiety, and mood disorders. This can be easily prevented if one can get acquainted with the eternal truth of the universe. One can start practicing samadhi to find peace and contentment and to know ourselves. The prerequisite step is meditation. Practicing meditation can help attaining that stage of oneness and pure bliss. </p>
=== Contemporary approach: ===
<p style='text-align:justify;'>To practice samadhi, one has to go through steps of ashtanga yoga. Practicing dhyana (meditation) is a popular method. When people hear yoga, only two things come to their minds: asana (physical postures) and dhyana (meditation). Everyone has some type of stress, which has been accepted as a part of life. Everyone is searching for peace and contentment that can be achieved through meditation. Meditation followed by samadhi is the best way to attain knowledge of self. Many ways can practice meditation. Some of them are- focusing on the point between the eyes (bhrumadhya), concentrating on our breath, or chanting Om. Meditation is a preparatory step for samadhi. Meditation can be an initial move to reach the final stage of samadhi. </p>
== Researches on samadhi ==
<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li>Evaluation of Siddha Samadhi Yoga for anxiety and depression symptoms: A Preliminary Study by Elisa Harumi kozasa, Ruth Ferreira Galduróz, Adriana Dourado, Ana Amélia Benedito-Silva, Felipe Leite Moraes De Ornellas, José Roberto Leite. [2008]<ref name="ref19">Kozasa EH;Santos RF;Rueda AD;Benedito-Silva AA;De Ornellas FL;Leite JR; (no date) Evaluation of siddha samadhi yoga for anxiety and depression symptoms: A preliminary study, Psychological reports. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18982958/ (Accessed: December 25, 2022). </ref></li>
<li>Effects of Sahaj Samadhi meditation on heart rate variability and depressive symptoms in patients with late-life depression by Emily Ionson, Jayneel Limbachia, Soham Rej, Klajdi Puka, Ronnie I. Newman, Stephen Wetmore, Amer M. Burhan and Akshya Vasudev. [2019]<ref name="ref20">Ionson E;Limbachia J;Rej S;Puka K;Newman RI;Wetmore S;Burhan AM;Vasudev A; (no date) Effects of Sahaj Samadhi meditation on heart rate variability and depressive symptoms in patients with late-life depression, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30482255/ (Accessed: December 26, 2022). </ref></li>
<li>Sahaj Samadhi Meditation versus a Health Enhancement Program for depression in chronic pain: protocol for a randomized controlled trial and implementation evaluation by Abhimanyu Sud, Michelle L. A. Nelson, Darren K. Cheng, Alana Armas, Kirk Foat, Michelle Greiver, Fardous Hosseiny, Joel Katz, Rahim Moineddin, Benoit H. Mulsant, Ronnie I. Newman, Leon Rivlin, Akshya Vasudev and Ross Upshur. [2020]<ref name="ref21">Peckham, S.B. et al. (2019) Sahaj Samadhi Meditation vs a health enhancement program in improving late-life depression severity and executive function: Study protocol for a two-site, randomized controlled trial - trials, BioMed Central. BioMed Central. Available at: https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-019-3682-z (Accessed: December 26, 2022).</ref></li></ol>
<p style='text-align:justify;'>All the studies showed results in which Sahaja Samadhi meditation or Siddha Samadhi Yoga gives promising results in Late-life depression, Depression in chronic pain, and anxiety. Acharya Charaka has mentioned it in the treatment of Mansika Vikara. In the present era, our life has become stressful and causing a lot of Mansika Rogas. Samadhi practice can help prevent as well as treat them. </p>
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