Changes

#The study recommended lying or supine posture during the procedure as opposed to sitting posture with head tilted downwards with cold draping over the head, since heat stress is supposed to cause a reduction in central venous pressure and a shift in blood volume from splanchnic to cutaneous area. Hence supine posture is considered ideal. Maximum time should be 8 – 10 minutes.<ref name="ref3">Aroun Prasath, R., (2014), Journal of Science, Volume 4, Issue 1, A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of Infrared radiation and hot water fomentation on pain among patients with osteoarthritis of Knee, 1-3.</ref>

#The study recommended lying or supine posture during the procedure as opposed to sitting posture with head tilted downwards with cold draping over the head, since heat stress is supposed to cause a reduction in central venous pressure and a shift in blood volume from splanchnic to cutaneous area. Hence supine posture is considered ideal. Maximum time should be 8 – 10 minutes.<ref name="ref3">Aroun Prasath, R., (2014), Journal of Science, Volume 4, Issue 1, A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of Infrared radiation and hot water fomentation on pain among patients with osteoarthritis of Knee, 1-3.</ref>

Another study reported that infrared radiation application was more effective than hot water fomentation in minimizing the level of pain among patients with osteoarthritis of the knee <ref name="ref3">Kondo, N., et. al, (2009), Global Environmental research, Thermoregulatory adaptations in Humans and its modifying factors, 13 (1), 35 - 41.- online research</ref>.

Another study reported that infrared radiation application was more effective than hot water fomentation in minimizing the level of pain among patients with osteoarthritis of the knee <ref name="ref3">.

=== ''Pizhicchil'' ===

=== ''Pizhicchil'' ===