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Line 53: − We shall now elaborate the chapter on the Management of (disorders pertaining to) three ''marmas''. Thus said Lord Atreya [1-2]+ − ==== Description of ''marma'' (vital points and organs) ====+ Line 82:
Line 82: − ==== Description of three vital organs ====+ Line 107:
Line 107: − ==== Clinical signs of injury to three ''marmas'' ====+ Line 126:
Line 126: − ==== Importance of ''vata dosha'' and ''basti'' therapy ====+ Line 142:
Line 142: − ==== Management of ''marma'' disorders ====+ Line 204:
Line 204: − ==== Etiopathology of ''apatantraka'' (Opisthtomus) ====+ Line 250:
Line 250: − ==== Management of ''apatantraka'' (opisthotomus) ====+ Line 302:
Line 302: − ==== Etiopathology and treatment of ''tandra'' (drowsiness) ====+ Line 345:
Line 345: − ==== Thirteen types of urinary disorders ====+ Line 370:
Line 370: − ==== ''Mutraukasada'' (dense urine) ====+ Line 395:
Line 395: − ==== ''Mutra jathara'' (accumulation of urine in abdominal cavity) ====+ Line 429:
Line 429: − ==== ''Mutra krichchra'' (dysuria) ====+ Line 445:
Line 445: − ==== ''Mutrotsanga'' (residual urination) ====+ Line 467:
Line 467: − ==== ''Mutra samkshaya'' (suppression of urine formation) ====+ Line 480:
Line 480: − ==== ''Mutratita'' (delayed micturition) ====+ Line 496:
Line 496: − ==== ''Ashthila'' (hard globular swelling like tumor) ====+ Line 512:
Line 512: − ==== ''Vatabasti'' (''vata'' affliction of bladder) ====+ Line 528:
Line 528: − ==== ''Ushnavata'' ((''vata-pitta'' affliction of urine/burning micturition) ====+ Line 544:
Line 544: − ==== V''atakundalika'' (scanty and painful flow of urine) ====+ Line 569:
Line 569: − ==== ''Raktagranthi'' (nodular swelling in bladder) ====+ Line 591:
Line 591: − ==== ''Vid vighata'' (feces coming through urine) ====+ Line 613:
Line 613: − ==== ''Basti kundala'' (circular distension of bladder) ====+ Line 677:
Line 677: − ==== Management of urinary disorders ====+ Line 696:
Line 696: − ==== Description of ''uttara basti'' (urethral/per vaginal drug administration) ====+ Line 774:
Line 774: − ==== ''Pippalyadi varti'' (medicated wick/suppository)====+ Line 817:
Line 817: − ==== Time of administration of ''uttara basti'' ====+ Line 857:
Line 857: − ==== Dimensions of nozzle for ''uttara basti'' and its procedure ====+ Line 912:
Line 912: − ==== Etiopathology and management of diseases of Head ====+ − ===== ''Shankhaka'' (temporal headache) =====+ Line 954:
Line 954: − ===== ''Ardhavabhedaka'' (migraine affecting one side of head) =====+ Line 1,006:
Line 1,006: − ===== ''Suryavarta'' (headache increasing after sun-rise and in noon) =====+ Line 1,058:
Line 1,058: − ==== ''Anantavata'' (pulsating headache involving all areas of head) ====+ Line 1,116:
Line 1,116: − ==== Types of ''nasya'' (nasal drug delivery therapy) ====+ Line 1,223:
Line 1,223: − ==== Procedure of nasya therapy ====+ Line 1,286:
Line 1,286: − ==== ''Dhumapana'' (medicated smoking) and post ''nasya'' therapy ====+ Line 1,355:
Line 1,355: − ==== The treatment of vitiated ''doshas'' after ''nasya'' ====+ Line 1,410:
Line 1,410: − ==== Types of ''navana'' (unctuous errhines) ====+ Line 1,435:
Line 1,435: − ==== Summary ====+ Line 1,588:
Line 1,588: − − === Glossary === − − #Marmas- Special sites where prana is situated and are said to be areas of confluence of mamsa, sira, snayu, asthi, sandhi etc. − #Skandha- The point of attachment of upper limb to the body or which supports the upper limb. Refers to the shoulder − #Shakha- The extremities ie upper and lower limbs − #Dhamani-The channels or hollow tubular structures carrying the substances to body tissues(dhatus)characterized by pressure flow or pulsations − #Basti- Which is a shelter for something. Here refers to urinary bladder that holds Urine − #Sthula guda-The greater, dilated part of terminal large intestine. Here refers to the rectum − #Mushka-Also called phalakosha refers to the Scrotum − #Sevani- It is the sutures or embryological line of fusion. Here applies to perineal raphe − #Kasa-Cough − #Swasa- Breathlessness or difficulty in breathing − #Klomakarshana- Kloma being an unclear organ from modern anatomical point of view, here considered chest, more specifically retrosternal area wherein patient feels a sense of stretchingpain or discomfort − #Jihvanirgama- outward fall of tongue − #Apasmara- a clinical condition characterised by convulsions and loss of memory to the time of events − #Unmada- a clinical condition characterized by abnormal psychological events and behavioral patterns − #Cittanasa- loss of mental alertness − #Manyastambha- stiffness in anterior or antero lateral part of neck − #Ardita- a clinical disease characterized by loss of movement on one half side of body with involvement of face(crossed hemiplegia) − #Cakshuvibhrama- loss of movement of eyes − #Udveshtana- twisting type of pain − #Ceshtanasa- loss of movement − #Hanugraha- stiffness of jaw − #Muka- loss of speech or dumb − #Gadgada- voice is hoarse − #Akshinimilana- stooping of eyelids − #Gandaspandana- twitching in cheek − #Svarahani- partial loss of speech or feeble voice − #Vadana Jihmatva- deviation of face − #Vankshana- the lower part of trunk related to lower limbs; may be considered as groin − #Kundala- twisted − #Udavarta- upward movement or movement in opposite direction − #Gulma- a clinical condition characterized by feeling of a compact mass in abdomen − #Asthila- stone like swelling or mass − #Upanaha- a form of fomentation with application of warm medications followed by covering − #Avapidana- a form of nasya wherein expressed juice is instilled into nostrils − #Kumbhisveda- a form of sweda wherein a pit is dug which is wider at its bottom than opening and the patient made to lie on it − #Varti prayoga- instillation of suppository(in this context urethral suppository) − #NiruhaBasti- decoction enemas − #Abadhavarjana- avoidance of trauma − #Svasthavrittanuvartana- following the rules of healthy regimen − #Utpannarti Vighata- eliminating the disorders that have already occurred − #Akshipet- frequent involuntary jerks towards the body − #Apatantraka- a clinical condition characterized by falling to ground with involuntary jerks − #Apatanaka- a clinical condition characterized by falling to the ground − #Pradhamana- a form of nasya wherin fine medicinal powders are blown into nostril − #Tandra- a clinical condition characterized by a state of sleepiness and excessive yawning − #Raktamokshana- bloodletting for therapeutic purpose − #Mutraukasada- a clinical condition characterised by burning and discoloration of urine − #Mutrajathara- a clinical condition characterised by retention of urine − #Mutrakrcchra- a clinical condition characterised by discomfort in passing urine especiallydue to withholding urge to urinate and indulging in sexual intercourse − #Mutrotsanga- a clinical condition characterised by split flow of urine and retention in penis resulting in engorged penis − #Mutrasamkshaya- a clinical condition characterised by reduced urine due to aggravated Vata − #Mutratita- a clinical condition characterised by physiological bladder atony due to withholding the urge to micturate for long − #Mutrashthila- a clinical condition characterised by firm distension of bladder resembling a stone − #Vatabasti- a clinical condition characterised by retention of urine due to withholding the urge − #Ushnavata- a clinical condition characterised by increased Ushnata in Mutra − #Vatakundalika - a clinical condition characterised byaggravation of Vata which becomes Kundalibhoota − #Mutragranthi- a clinical condition characterised by formation of Granthi in Mutramarga that obstructs the flow of urine − #Vidvighata- a clinical condition characterised by Vimargagamana of Shakrut into Mutramarga − #Bastikundala- a clinical condition characterized by upward distention of bladder with retention and obstructed flow − #Vicchinna- split(in the flow of urine) − #Ucchesha- a state of residual urine − #Guru Shepha- engorged penis due to retention of urine in urethra − #Adhmana- a clinical condition characterized by distension of abdomen with pain and gurgling sounds − #Vyaviddha- abnormal movement or curved or zig zag movement − #Veshtana- twisting pain − #Hrnmoha- a state of mind being blanked out − #Uttarabasti- enemas given trough the anterior route i.e., per urethral or into uterus − #Mutravirajaneeya- set of drugs that color the urine or restore the normal color of urine − #Mutravirecaneeya- set of drugs that increase the urine output − #Pushpanetra- the enema nozzle used for uttarabasti − #Pratyakhyeya- diseases that cannot be cured or even controlled − #Ardhavabhedaka- a clinical disease characterized by pain on one half of head − #Suryavarta- a clinical condition characterized by headache increasing with the rising sun − #Anantavata- a clinical condition characterized by severe headache of a wide distribution imcluding the neck − #Raktapitta- a clinical condition characterized by vitiation of rakta with pitta causing unprovoked bleeding − #Pratimarsha- the milder form of snehanasya which can be done daily
no edit summary
|titlemode=append
|titlemode=append
|keywords=Marma (vital points), Diseases of head and nervous system, Heart and cardiovascular system, bladder, kidney and urinary system, Apatantraka, Ardhavabhedaka, Basti, Hridaya, Mutradosha, Nasya, Shiromarma, Suravarta, Tandra, Trimarma, Udavarta,Uttara basti, per vaginal drug delivery, per urethral drug delivery
|keywords=Marma (vital points), Diseases of head and nervous system, Heart and cardiovascular system, bladder, kidney and urinary system, Apatantraka, Ardhavabhedaka, Basti, Hridaya, Mutradosha, Nasya, Shiromarma, Suravarta, Tandra, Trimarma, Udavarta,Uttara basti, per vaginal drug delivery, per urethral drug delivery
|description=Siddhi Sthana Chapter 9. Management of disorders of three vital organs
|description=Siddhi Sthana Chapter 9. Management of diseases of three vital organs
}}
}}
<big>'''[[Siddhi Sthana]] Chapter 9. Management of disorders of three vital organs'''</big>
<big>'''[[Siddhi Sthana]] Chapter 9. Management of diseases of three vital organs'''</big>
<big>''' Abstract </big>'''
<big>''' Abstract </big>'''
</div></div>
</div></div>
Now we shall expound the chapter "Trimarmiya Siddhi" (Management of diseases of three vital organs). Thus said Lord Atreya [1-2]
=== Description of ''marma'' (vital points and organs) ===
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The ''marmas'' related to ''skandha'' are more important than those situated in the ''shakha'' because the ''shakha'' is attached to the ''skandha'' and more so among the ''skandha'' situated ''marmas, hrid, basti'' and ''shiras'' are important owing to the fact that they are the root cause of body (on them depends the existence or otherwise of the body).[3]
The ''marmas'' related to ''skandha'' are more important than those situated in the ''shakha'' because the ''shakha'' is attached to the ''skandha'' and more so among the ''skandha'' situated ''marmas, hrid, basti'' and ''shiras'' are important owing to the fact that they are the root cause of body (on them depends the existence or otherwise of the body).[3]
=== Description of three vital organs ===
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Among all the ''marmas, bheda'' (injury) to these 3 ''marmas'' (''hridaya, shiras'' and ''basti'') leads to sudden loss to the body. The destruction of substance (''ashraya'') leads to the destruction of the substrate. Its injury leads to severe disease manifestation. Hence, these should be especially protected against external injury and ''vatadi doshas''.[5]
Among all the ''marmas, bheda'' (injury) to these 3 ''marmas'' (''hridaya, shiras'' and ''basti'') leads to sudden loss to the body. The destruction of substance (''ashraya'') leads to the destruction of the substrate. Its injury leads to severe disease manifestation. Hence, these should be especially protected against external injury and ''vatadi doshas''.[5]
=== Clinical signs of injury to three ''marmas'' ===
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These mentioned symptoms due to affliction by ''vatadi doshas'' have been explained in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] with their management. [6]
These mentioned symptoms due to affliction by ''vatadi doshas'' have been explained in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] with their management. [6]
=== Importance of ''vata dosha'' and ''basti'' therapy ===
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However, these ''marmas'' have to be protected especially from ''anila'' (''vata''), as ''vata'' is the prime factor or cause for the aggravation of ''pitta'' and ''kapha'' and also it is the cause of ''prana'' (life) and is best palliable by ''basti''. Hence, there is no treatment better than ''basti'' to maintain the ''marma''. Hereby, the six ''asthapana skandhas'' (decoction enemas) and also the two ''anuvasana skandhas'' described in [[Vimana Sthana]], as well as the ''bastis'' described in [[Siddhi Sthana]] with the treatment of ''vatavyadhi chikitsa'' may be rationally employed in the protection and restoration of the ''maha marmas'' (three great ''marmas'').[7]
However, these ''marmas'' have to be protected especially from ''anila'' (''vata''), as ''vata'' is the prime factor or cause for the aggravation of ''pitta'' and ''kapha'' and also it is the cause of ''prana'' (life) and is best palliable by ''basti''. Hence, there is no treatment better than ''basti'' to maintain the ''marma''. Hereby, the six ''asthapana skandhas'' (decoction enemas) and also the two ''anuvasana skandhas'' described in [[Vimana Sthana]], as well as the ''bastis'' described in [[Siddhi Sthana]] with the treatment of ''vatavyadhi chikitsa'' may be rationally employed in the protection and restoration of the ''maha marmas'' (three great ''marmas'').[7]
=== Management of ''marma'' disorders ===
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Hence forward, will be described some of the diseases related to ''marma'' that have not been described in the chapter [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]], alongwith their treatment.[11]
Hence forward, will be described some of the diseases related to ''marma'' that have not been described in the chapter [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]], alongwith their treatment.[11]
=== Etiopathology of ''apatantraka'' (Opisthtomus) ===
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''Vata'' aggaravated by its own causative factors moves upwards from its ''sthana'' (site), reaching the ''hridaya'' produces pain or discomfort in ''hridaya'' (heart) and also in ''shira'' (head) and ''shankha'' (temporal area). It causes a bow-like bending of the body, ''akshipet'' (involuntary jerks) and ''mohayet'' (altered consciousness). (It causes involuntary bending or contractures and jerky movements and also obstruction to breathing). The person breathes out with difficulty, has spasm of eye movements or drooping, makes cooing sounds like a dove, becomes unconscious. The condition is called ''apatantraka''. Some authors call a variant of this condition as ''apatanaka'', in which there is fixity of eyes (gaze fixed) and grunting sounds from throat. When ''hridaya'' is free of ''doshas'' the person becomes healthy and becomes unconscious again when gets afflicted with ''doshas'' and is due to severe aggravation of ''vata''. [12-15]
''Vata'' aggaravated by its own causative factors moves upwards from its ''sthana'' (site), reaching the ''hridaya'' produces pain or discomfort in ''hridaya'' (heart) and also in ''shira'' (head) and ''shankha'' (temporal area). It causes a bow-like bending of the body, ''akshipet'' (involuntary jerks) and ''mohayet'' (altered consciousness). (It causes involuntary bending or contractures and jerky movements and also obstruction to breathing). The person breathes out with difficulty, has spasm of eye movements or drooping, makes cooing sounds like a dove, becomes unconscious. The condition is called ''apatantraka''. Some authors call a variant of this condition as ''apatanaka'', in which there is fixity of eyes (gaze fixed) and grunting sounds from throat. When ''hridaya'' is free of ''doshas'' the person becomes healthy and becomes unconscious again when gets afflicted with ''doshas'' and is due to severe aggravation of ''vata''. [12-15]
=== Management of ''apatantraka'' (opisthotomus) ===
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The aggravated ''kapha vata doshas'' cause obstruction to ''shvasana'' (breathing) which should be cleared by ''tikshna pradhamana nasya'' (powder blowing into nostrils). This restores the ''sanjna'' (consciousness). ''Sirsha virechana'' (purification of head) should be given using very fine powder of ''maricha'' (black peper/Piper indicum), ''shigrubija'' (seeds of Moringa olifera), ''vidanga'' (Embelia ribes) and ''phaninjjaka'' (Marubaka- Origanum majorana). In ''hridgraha'' (stiffness or tightness in Heart) and ''apatantraka'' one should consume ''tumburu'' (Zanthoxylum alatum), ''abhaya'' (Terminalia chebula fruit), ''hingu'' (Asafoetida), ''pushkara'' (Inula racemosa), three types of ''lavana'' (''saindhava, sauvarcala'' and ''bida lavana'') with decoction of ''yava'' (Hordeum vulgare). Consume ''hingu'' (Asafoetida), a''mlavetasa'' (Garcinia pedunculata), ''sunthi'' (Zingiber officinale), with ''sauvarchala'' (sorchal salt) and ''dadima'' (juice of pomergranate/ Punica granatum) and employ treatment that alleviates ''vata kapha doshas'' and which cures ''hridroga'' (cardiac disorders). ''Tikshna shodhana basti'' (strong purificatory enemas) is totally unsuitable. ''Ghrita'' prepared by ''sauvarchala'' salt, ''abhaya'' (Terminalia chebula), ''vyosha'' (''pippali, maricha, sunthi'' i.e., Piper longum, Piper indicum and Zingiber officinale) is suitable. [16-20]
The aggravated ''kapha vata doshas'' cause obstruction to ''shvasana'' (breathing) which should be cleared by ''tikshna pradhamana nasya'' (powder blowing into nostrils). This restores the ''sanjna'' (consciousness). ''Sirsha virechana'' (purification of head) should be given using very fine powder of ''maricha'' (black peper/Piper indicum), ''shigrubija'' (seeds of Moringa olifera), ''vidanga'' (Embelia ribes) and ''phaninjjaka'' (Marubaka- Origanum majorana). In ''hridgraha'' (stiffness or tightness in Heart) and ''apatantraka'' one should consume ''tumburu'' (Zanthoxylum alatum), ''abhaya'' (Terminalia chebula fruit), ''hingu'' (Asafoetida), ''pushkara'' (Inula racemosa), three types of ''lavana'' (''saindhava, sauvarcala'' and ''bida lavana'') with decoction of ''yava'' (Hordeum vulgare). Consume ''hingu'' (Asafoetida), a''mlavetasa'' (Garcinia pedunculata), ''sunthi'' (Zingiber officinale), with ''sauvarchala'' (sorchal salt) and ''dadima'' (juice of pomergranate/ Punica granatum) and employ treatment that alleviates ''vata kapha doshas'' and which cures ''hridroga'' (cardiac disorders). ''Tikshna shodhana basti'' (strong purificatory enemas) is totally unsuitable. ''Ghrita'' prepared by ''sauvarchala'' salt, ''abhaya'' (Terminalia chebula), ''vyosha'' (''pippali, maricha, sunthi'' i.e., Piper longum, Piper indicum and Zingiber officinale) is suitable. [16-20]
=== Etiopathology and treatment of ''tandra'' (drowsiness) ===
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Due to consumption of ''anna'' (foods) that are ''madhura'' (sweet), ''snigdha'' (unctuous), ''guru'' (heavy to digest), ''chintana'' (excessive thinking), ''shrama'' (exertion), ''shoka'' (grief), ''vyadhyanushanga'' (chronicity of diseases), ''kapha'' aggravated by ''vata'' in association when gets lodged in ''hridaya'', obscures the process of ''jnana, tandra'' (drowsiness) occurs. The symptoms of ''tandra'' are ''hridaye vyakulibhava'' (uneasiness or discomfort in the region of heart), sluggishness of speech and physical activity, decreased acuity of the sense organs, clouding of mind and intellect. This condition should be managed by ''shodhana'' and ''shamana'' measures that are ''kaphahara, vyayama'' (exercise), ''raktamokshana'' (blood letting) and intake of foods that are predominantly ''katu'' (pungent) and ''tikta'' (bitter).[21-24]
Due to consumption of ''anna'' (foods) that are ''madhura'' (sweet), ''snigdha'' (unctuous), ''guru'' (heavy to digest), ''chintana'' (excessive thinking), ''shrama'' (exertion), ''shoka'' (grief), ''vyadhyanushanga'' (chronicity of diseases), ''kapha'' aggravated by ''vata'' in association when gets lodged in ''hridaya'', obscures the process of ''jnana, tandra'' (drowsiness) occurs. The symptoms of ''tandra'' are ''hridaye vyakulibhava'' (uneasiness or discomfort in the region of heart), sluggishness of speech and physical activity, decreased acuity of the sense organs, clouding of mind and intellect. This condition should be managed by ''shodhana'' and ''shamana'' measures that are ''kaphahara, vyayama'' (exercise), ''raktamokshana'' (blood letting) and intake of foods that are predominantly ''katu'' (pungent) and ''tikta'' (bitter).[21-24]
=== Thirteen types of urinary disorders ===
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''Mutraukasada''(dense urine), ''mutrajathara'' (accumulation of urine in abdominal cavity), ''mutrakrichchra'' (dysuria), ''mutrotsanga'' (residual urination), ''mutrasamkshaya'' (suppression of urine formation), ''mutratita'' (delayed micturition), ''vatashthila'' (hard globular swelling like tumor), ''vatabasti'' (vata affection of bladder), ''ushnavata'' (vata-pitta vitiation of urine/burning micturition), ''vatakundalika'' (scanty and painful flow of urine), ''granthi'' (cyst at the neck of bladder), ''vidghata'' (feces coming through urine) and ''bastikundala'' (circular distension of bladder) are the thirteen varieties of ''mutra dosha'' (urinary disorders) and listen to them with their symptoms.[25-26]
''Mutraukasada''(dense urine), ''mutrajathara'' (accumulation of urine in abdominal cavity), ''mutrakrichchra'' (dysuria), ''mutrotsanga'' (residual urination), ''mutrasamkshaya'' (suppression of urine formation), ''mutratita'' (delayed micturition), ''vatashthila'' (hard globular swelling like tumor), ''vatabasti'' (vata affection of bladder), ''ushnavata'' (vata-pitta vitiation of urine/burning micturition), ''vatakundalika'' (scanty and painful flow of urine), ''granthi'' (cyst at the neck of bladder), ''vidghata'' (feces coming through urine) and ''bastikundala'' (circular distension of bladder) are the thirteen varieties of ''mutra dosha'' (urinary disorders) and listen to them with their symptoms.[25-26]
=== ''Mutraukasada'' (dense urine) ===
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''Pitta, kapha'' both or singly getting aggravated with ''vata'', when reach into the ''basti'' cause reddish, yellowish, thick urine to flow, with burning, or whitish, thick or with all the symptoms. The condition is called ''mutraukasada'' and should be treated with ''pitta kaphahara'' measures.[27-28]
''Pitta, kapha'' both or singly getting aggravated with ''vata'', when reach into the ''basti'' cause reddish, yellowish, thick urine to flow, with burning, or whitish, thick or with all the symptoms. The condition is called ''mutraukasada'' and should be treated with ''pitta kaphahara'' measures.[27-28]
=== ''Mutra jathara'' (accumulation of urine in abdominal cavity) ===
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Withholding the urge to urinate, causes ''vata'' to get obstructed in its normal pathway which causes ''udavarta'' (reversal of movements) and thereby the ''mutra'' fills up in the ''udara'' producing inconsistent pain, sense of indigestion, obstruction to the flow of ''mutra'' and ''vid''. This is called ''mutra jathara''. ''Mutra virechana chikitsa'' (diuresis) should be employed in this condition. ''Hingu dvirittara churna'' clears ''mutrodara'' (distension of abdomen due to urinary retention), ''anaha'' (simple distension due to indigestion or constipation), ''adhmana'' (distension with pain) of ''guda'' (anus) and ''medhra'' (phallum). [29-31]
Withholding the urge to urinate, causes ''vata'' to get obstructed in its normal pathway which causes ''udavarta'' (reversal of movements) and thereby the ''mutra'' fills up in the ''udara'' producing inconsistent pain, sense of indigestion, obstruction to the flow of ''mutra'' and ''vid''. This is called ''mutra jathara''. ''Mutra virechana chikitsa'' (diuresis) should be employed in this condition. ''Hingu dvirittara churna'' clears ''mutrodara'' (distension of abdomen due to urinary retention), ''anaha'' (simple distension due to indigestion or constipation), ''adhmana'' (distension with pain) of ''guda'' (anus) and ''medhra'' (phallum). [29-31]
=== ''Mutra krichchra'' (dysuria) ===
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Indulgence in sexual intercourse by a person with active urge to micturate causes affliction of the dislodged ''shukra'' (seminal secretions) which flows either before or after the urine stream and this is called ''mutra krichchra''.[32]
Indulgence in sexual intercourse by a person with active urge to micturate causes affliction of the dislodged ''shukra'' (seminal secretions) which flows either before or after the urine stream and this is called ''mutra krichchra''.[32]
=== ''Mutrotsanga'' (residual urination) ===
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Due to ''khavaigunya'' (structural deformity) in the ''mutravaha srotas'', severe ''vata'' aggravation, some urine remains in the ''manisandhi'' (base of penis) and discharges sometime later either without pain or with severe pain. ''Mutra'' passes in ''vichchinna'' (split form) and ''uchchesha'' (with some residual urine in the enlarged or engorged penis) from the ''guru shepha'' (enlarged penis due to accumulation of excess urine in the penis). This is ''mutrotsanga''. [33-33½]
Due to ''khavaigunya'' (structural deformity) in the ''mutravaha srotas'', severe ''vata'' aggravation, some urine remains in the ''manisandhi'' (base of penis) and discharges sometime later either without pain or with severe pain. ''Mutra'' passes in ''vichchinna'' (split form) and ''uchchesha'' (with some residual urine in the enlarged or engorged penis) from the ''guru shepha'' (enlarged penis due to accumulation of excess urine in the penis). This is ''mutrotsanga''. [33-33½]
=== ''Mutra samkshaya'' (suppression of urine formation) ===
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Due to aggravation of ''vata'', the urine gets decreased with manifestation of ''vatakriti'' (symptoms of aggravated ''vata''). The condition is ''mutra kshaya''. [34]
Due to aggravation of ''vata'', the urine gets decreased with manifestation of ''vatakriti'' (symptoms of aggravated ''vata''). The condition is ''mutra kshaya''. [34]
=== ''Mutratita'' (delayed micturition) ===
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In a person withholding for long, the urge to urinate, the urine does not flow instantly or flows with mild stream. This is called ''mutratita''.[35]
In a person withholding for long, the urge to urinate, the urine does not flow instantly or flows with mild stream. This is called ''mutratita''.[35]
=== ''Ashthila'' (hard globular swelling like tumor) ===
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When ''vata'' obstructs the path of ''mutra'', it causes ''adhmana'' (distension) of ''basti'' (bladder area) and ''guda'' (rectal area) producing ''ashthila'' (stone like hard mass or swelling) which is ''chala'' (freely mobile), ''unnata'' (elevated) which causes ''tivra arti'' (severe pain) and ''vinmutrarodhini'' (obstruction to stools and urine). [36]
When ''vata'' obstructs the path of ''mutra'', it causes ''adhmana'' (distension) of ''basti'' (bladder area) and ''guda'' (rectal area) producing ''ashthila'' (stone like hard mass or swelling) which is ''chala'' (freely mobile), ''unnata'' (elevated) which causes ''tivra arti'' (severe pain) and ''vinmutrarodhini'' (obstruction to stools and urine). [36]
=== ''Vatabasti'' (''vata'' affliction of bladder) ===
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Withholding the urine in the ''basti'' causes ''vata'' to aggravate which causes ''mutrarodha'' (urinary obstruction), ''arti'' (pain), ''kandu'' (itching) and this is called ''vatabasti''. [37]
Withholding the urine in the ''basti'' causes ''vata'' to aggravate which causes ''mutrarodha'' (urinary obstruction), ''arti'' (pain), ''kandu'' (itching) and this is called ''vatabasti''. [37]
=== ''Ushnavata'' ((''vata-pitta'' affliction of urine/burning micturition) ===
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Due to indulgence in ''ushma'' (factors that increase the heat in the body), there will be ''mutra shosha'' (decrease in ''mutra''), ''raktapita mutra'' (reddish or yellowish urine), passed with difficulty (''krichchrat''), causing ''arti'' (pain) and ''daha'' (burning) in ''basti'' (urinary bladder) and ''upastha'' (genitalia). This is ''ushnavata''. [38]
Due to indulgence in ''ushma'' (factors that increase the heat in the body), there will be ''mutra shosha'' (decrease in ''mutra''), ''raktapita mutra'' (reddish or yellowish urine), passed with difficulty (''krichchrat''), causing ''arti'' (pain) and ''daha'' (burning) in ''basti'' (urinary bladder) and ''upastha'' (genitalia). This is ''ushnavata''. [38]
=== V''atakundalika'' (scanty and painful flow of urine) ===
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Due to ''gatisanga'' (obstruction in the pathway) of ''mutra'' in the ''mutrasthana'' (''mutrasaya'') and ''mutramarga'' (''mutravaha srotas''), the ''viguna vayu'' (aggravated ''vata'') becomes ''udavratta'' (reflux or moves in opposite direction) and thereby ''bhagna'' (broken), ''vyaviddha'' (zigzag) or ''kundali'' (rotatory) in its pathway. It then affects the ''mutra'' with ''samstambha'' (stiffness or rigidity), ''bhanga'' (breaking pain), ''gaurava'' (heaviness), ''veshtana'' (twisting pain), ''tivraruk'' (severe pain) and ''mutravitsanga'' (retention of urine and feces). The condition is called ''vata kundalika''. [39-40]
Due to ''gatisanga'' (obstruction in the pathway) of ''mutra'' in the ''mutrasthana'' (''mutrasaya'') and ''mutramarga'' (''mutravaha srotas''), the ''viguna vayu'' (aggravated ''vata'') becomes ''udavratta'' (reflux or moves in opposite direction) and thereby ''bhagna'' (broken), ''vyaviddha'' (zigzag) or ''kundali'' (rotatory) in its pathway. It then affects the ''mutra'' with ''samstambha'' (stiffness or rigidity), ''bhanga'' (breaking pain), ''gaurava'' (heaviness), ''veshtana'' (twisting pain), ''tivraruk'' (severe pain) and ''mutravitsanga'' (retention of urine and feces). The condition is called ''vata kundalika''. [39-40]
=== ''Raktagranthi'' (nodular swelling in bladder) ===
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''Rakta'' getting vitiated by ''vata'' and ''kapha'', produces a grievous nodular swelling (''granthi'') which obstructs the ''mutra'' and as a result the ''mutra'' is eliminated with difficulty and pain similar to urinary calculus. The condition is called ''raktagranthi''. [41-41½]
''Rakta'' getting vitiated by ''vata'' and ''kapha'', produces a grievous nodular swelling (''granthi'') which obstructs the ''mutra'' and as a result the ''mutra'' is eliminated with difficulty and pain similar to urinary calculus. The condition is called ''raktagranthi''. [41-41½]
=== ''Vid vighata'' (feces coming through urine) ===
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In a ''ruksha'' (emaciated) and ''durbala'' (weak) person, due to aggravated ''vata'' when ''shakrita'' (stool matter) becomes ''udavarta'' (moves into other pathway) and enters the channels of ''mutra'', the person passes ''mutra'' admixed with stool matter bearing a fecal odor with difficulty. The condition is called ''vidvighata''.[42-43]
In a ''ruksha'' (emaciated) and ''durbala'' (weak) person, due to aggravated ''vata'' when ''shakrita'' (stool matter) becomes ''udavarta'' (moves into other pathway) and enters the channels of ''mutra'', the person passes ''mutra'' admixed with stool matter bearing a fecal odor with difficulty. The condition is called ''vidvighata''.[42-43]
=== ''Basti kundala'' (circular distension of bladder) ===
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When ''kapha'' obstructs the bladder neck or when ''pitta'' is severely aggravated it is incurable. If bladder neck is unobstructed, it is curable but not when there is circumgyration. When there is circumgyration in bladder it causes ''hrid moha'' (altered consciousness) and breathlessness. [44-48½]
When ''kapha'' obstructs the bladder neck or when ''pitta'' is severely aggravated it is incurable. If bladder neck is unobstructed, it is curable but not when there is circumgyration. When there is circumgyration in bladder it causes ''hrid moha'' (altered consciousness) and breathlessness. [44-48½]
=== Management of urinary disorders ===
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These conditions should be examined in terms of dominance of ''dosha'' and treated by measures that relieve ''mutrakrichchra'' (dysuria). ''Basti'' (rectal enemas) and ''uttara basti'' (Bladder enemas) should be administered in all these conditions. [49-49½]
These conditions should be examined in terms of dominance of ''dosha'' and treated by measures that relieve ''mutrakrichchra'' (dysuria). ''Basti'' (rectal enemas) and ''uttara basti'' (Bladder enemas) should be administered in all these conditions. [49-49½]
=== Description of ''uttara basti'' (urethral/per vaginal drug administration) ===
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The patient having bathed, taken food with ''mamsarasa'' or milk, after clearing the urges of urine and feces, seated erect comfortably on a soft seat of knee height, the erect penis probed with a ''shalaka'' (metallic probe) duly lubricated with ghee and if found to be unobstructed, then in accordance with the size of penis the enema nozzle should be introduced as per the procedure of ''gudabasti'' i.e., along the direction of perineal raphe. If it is excessively introduced it causes pain and if insufficiently introduced the ''snehana'' does not occur. After compressing the ''basti yantra'' (douche bag) without shaking and comfortably (without causing discomfort to the patient) the ''basti netra'' should be removed. In case, the ''basti'' medicine comes out, a second and even a third enema may be given. If it does not come out then it can be ignored for a night. [50-57]
The patient having bathed, taken food with ''mamsarasa'' or milk, after clearing the urges of urine and feces, seated erect comfortably on a soft seat of knee height, the erect penis probed with a ''shalaka'' (metallic probe) duly lubricated with ghee and if found to be unobstructed, then in accordance with the size of penis the enema nozzle should be introduced as per the procedure of ''gudabasti'' i.e., along the direction of perineal raphe. If it is excessively introduced it causes pain and if insufficiently introduced the ''snehana'' does not occur. After compressing the ''basti yantra'' (douche bag) without shaking and comfortably (without causing discomfort to the patient) the ''basti netra'' should be removed. In case, the ''basti'' medicine comes out, a second and even a third enema may be given. If it does not come out then it can be ignored for a night. [50-57]
=== ''Pippalyadi varti'' (medicated wick/suppository)===
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''Varti'' (suppository) prepared out of ''pippali'' (Piper longum), ''lavana'' (rock salt), ''agaradhuma'' (house soot), ''apamarga'' (Achyranthus aspera), ''sarshapa'' (Brassica campestris), ''vartaku'' (Solanum melongena), ''nirgundi'' juice (juice of Vitex negundo), ''shampaka'' (Cassia fistula), ''sahachara'' (Barleria prionitis), ''mutra'' (Urine of cattle etc. 8 animals), ''amla'' (''amlavarga dravyas'' like ''nimbuka'' etc) with ''gud'' (jaggery) all pounded together and ''varti'' prepared which is introduced into the urinary passage. The tip of ''varti'' should be of the size of ''sarshapa'' (seed of Brassica campestris) and the other end resembling ''masha'' (Phaseolus radiatus). In the ''mutranadi'' (urinary passage), it should be introduced like the ''bastinetra'' and in the ''payu'' (anal orifice) it should be of thickness upto 1 ''angushta''. When the ''sneha'' comes out, it should be followed by ''anuvasana basti vidhi'' (procedures mentioned in the after care of ''anuvasana basti''). The ''vyapat'' (complications), their management and symptoms of proper administration are also similar to ''anuvasana basti'' procedure.[58-61]
''Varti'' (suppository) prepared out of ''pippali'' (Piper longum), ''lavana'' (rock salt), ''agaradhuma'' (house soot), ''apamarga'' (Achyranthus aspera), ''sarshapa'' (Brassica campestris), ''vartaku'' (Solanum melongena), ''nirgundi'' juice (juice of Vitex negundo), ''shampaka'' (Cassia fistula), ''sahachara'' (Barleria prionitis), ''mutra'' (Urine of cattle etc. 8 animals), ''amla'' (''amlavarga dravyas'' like ''nimbuka'' etc) with ''gud'' (jaggery) all pounded together and ''varti'' prepared which is introduced into the urinary passage. The tip of ''varti'' should be of the size of ''sarshapa'' (seed of Brassica campestris) and the other end resembling ''masha'' (Phaseolus radiatus). In the ''mutranadi'' (urinary passage), it should be introduced like the ''bastinetra'' and in the ''payu'' (anal orifice) it should be of thickness upto 1 ''angushta''. When the ''sneha'' comes out, it should be followed by ''anuvasana basti vidhi'' (procedures mentioned in the after care of ''anuvasana basti''). The ''vyapat'' (complications), their management and symptoms of proper administration are also similar to ''anuvasana basti'' procedure.[58-61]
=== Time of administration of ''uttara basti'' ===
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In women, ''uttarabasti'' should be administered during the menses as the vagina is then open and easily receives the ''sneha'' administered, thereby the ''vata'' being subdued it easily becomes impregnable. ''Uttarabasti'' with appropriate medicines should be administered in disorders of ''basti'' (Urinary bladder), prolapse of uterus, severe pain related to uterus, 20 diseases of uterus and vagina (described in Cha.Chi.30th chapter), menorrhagia-metrorrhagia conditions, retention of urine and dribbling incontinence.[62-64½]
In women, ''uttarabasti'' should be administered during the menses as the vagina is then open and easily receives the ''sneha'' administered, thereby the ''vata'' being subdued it easily becomes impregnable. ''Uttarabasti'' with appropriate medicines should be administered in disorders of ''basti'' (Urinary bladder), prolapse of uterus, severe pain related to uterus, 20 diseases of uterus and vagina (described in Cha.Chi.30th chapter), menorrhagia-metrorrhagia conditions, retention of urine and dribbling incontinence.[62-64½]
=== Dimensions of nozzle for ''uttara basti'' and its procedure ===
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The ''uttarabasti'' nozzle for females should be 10 ''angulas'' in length, circumference as equal to that of urethra and its inner lumen permitting a seed of ''mudga'' (whole green gram/ phaseolus mungo). It should be introduced to a length of 4 ''angulas'' in the genital tract and 2 ''angulas'' into urinary tract for adult females and 1 ''angula'' for ''bala'' (unmarried below 16 years of age). The lady lying down supine with thighs folded upon itself, should be introduced the nozzle comfortably in the direction parallel to the spine. Two, three or four unctuous enemas may be administered in a span of 24 hours. The ''varti'' (suppository) to be administered for elimination of ''basti'' medicament should be thicker than the enema nozzle. This ''uttarabasti'' should be done for three consecutive nights with gradual increase in the dose of unctuous medicament. The procedure should be likewise repeated after 3 days.[65-69½]
The ''uttarabasti'' nozzle for females should be 10 ''angulas'' in length, circumference as equal to that of urethra and its inner lumen permitting a seed of ''mudga'' (whole green gram/ phaseolus mungo). It should be introduced to a length of 4 ''angulas'' in the genital tract and 2 ''angulas'' into urinary tract for adult females and 1 ''angula'' for ''bala'' (unmarried below 16 years of age). The lady lying down supine with thighs folded upon itself, should be introduced the nozzle comfortably in the direction parallel to the spine. Two, three or four unctuous enemas may be administered in a span of 24 hours. The ''varti'' (suppository) to be administered for elimination of ''basti'' medicament should be thicker than the enema nozzle. This ''uttarabasti'' should be done for three consecutive nights with gradual increase in the dose of unctuous medicament. The procedure should be likewise repeated after 3 days.[65-69½]
=== Etiopathology and management of diseases of Head ===
==== ''Shankhaka'' (temporal headache) ====
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Here after shall be elaborated certain diseases of the head. The aggravated ''rakta, pitta'' and ''vata'' getting lodged in the ''shankhadesha'' (temporal area) produce a severe painful swelling with redness. It is acute in manifestation like poison and obstructs the channels of the head and neck, killing the patient in 3 nights. If the patient survives beyond these 3 days, then considering the condition as ''pratyakhyeya'' (incurable but manageable) one should administer treatment modalities such as ''shirovirecha'' (errhines), ''seka'' (affusions) etc., which are curative of ''visarpa'' (erysipelas like lesions).[70-73]
Here after shall be elaborated certain diseases of the head. The aggravated ''rakta, pitta'' and ''vata'' getting lodged in the ''shankhadesha'' (temporal area) produce a severe painful swelling with redness. It is acute in manifestation like poison and obstructs the channels of the head and neck, killing the patient in 3 nights. If the patient survives beyond these 3 days, then considering the condition as ''pratyakhyeya'' (incurable but manageable) one should administer treatment modalities such as ''shirovirecha'' (errhines), ''seka'' (affusions) etc., which are curative of ''visarpa'' (erysipelas like lesions).[70-73]
==== ''Ardhavabhedaka'' (migraine affecting one side of head) ====
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''Vata'' aggravated due to consumption of ''ruksha'' (dry/ ununctuous) substances, excessive quantity or frequent intake (''adhyashana''), easterly breeze, dew/snow, sexual intercourse, withholding of urges, exhaustion and exercise, either singly or along with ''kapha'', affecting either half of the head produces severe pain in neck, eyebrow, temples, ear, eye, forehead of one side. The condition is acutely severe like a sharp weapon or fire-log and is called ''ardhavabhedaka''. The condition when severe may impair the functions of an eye or an ear. The 4 ''snehas'' (''taila, ghrita, vasa'' and ''majja'') in the maximum dose, ''kayavirechana'' (purgation), ''sirovirechana'' (purificatory errhines), ''nadisweda'', 10 year old ghee, oil enemas, poultices, ''shirobasti'', cautery are advocated here. The management told for ''pratishyaya'' (rhinitis) and headaches as mentioned should also be employed appropriately. [74-78]
''Vata'' aggravated due to consumption of ''ruksha'' (dry/ ununctuous) substances, excessive quantity or frequent intake (''adhyashana''), easterly breeze, dew/snow, sexual intercourse, withholding of urges, exhaustion and exercise, either singly or along with ''kapha'', affecting either half of the head produces severe pain in neck, eyebrow, temples, ear, eye, forehead of one side. The condition is acutely severe like a sharp weapon or fire-log and is called ''ardhavabhedaka''. The condition when severe may impair the functions of an eye or an ear. The 4 ''snehas'' (''taila, ghrita, vasa'' and ''majja'') in the maximum dose, ''kayavirechana'' (purgation), ''sirovirechana'' (purificatory errhines), ''nadisweda'', 10 year old ghee, oil enemas, poultices, ''shirobasti'', cautery are advocated here. The management told for ''pratishyaya'' (rhinitis) and headaches as mentioned should also be employed appropriately. [74-78]
==== ''Suryavarta'' (headache increasing after sun-rise and in noon) ====
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Witholding the urges, indigestion etc. leads to the vitiation of ''rakta'' and ''vata'' which in turn vitiate the ''mastishka'' (brain). Thus, affected by the vitiated ''rakta'' and ''vata'', at sunrise due to the heat of sunrays these slowly liquefy and thereby during the day there is headache which increases with the day. At the end of the day as they solidify, the headache subsides. The condition is called ''suryavarta'' and is managed by post-prandial ghee consumption, ''shirovireka'' (purificatory errhines), ''kayavireka'' (purgation), ''shiropichu'' (holding a gauze or piece of cotton soaked in medicated oil over the vertex) or ''shirobasti'' (holding medicated oil in a circular tank like formation over the head) with ''trisnehas'', poultices prepared with ''jangala mamsa'' (meat of animals living in dry lands), affusions with ghee and milk, ghee (''nasya'') errhines prepared out of ''ksheerapaka'' of ''barhi, tittiri, lava'' (birds that live on land) etc. and ''navana'' (unctuous errhines) with ghee processed with 8 parts milk and ''jeevaniya'' drugs (''jeevaka, jeevanti''- Leptadenia reticulata, ''rishabhaka, kakoli, kshirakakoli'' etc.).[79-83]
Witholding the urges, indigestion etc. leads to the vitiation of ''rakta'' and ''vata'' which in turn vitiate the ''mastishka'' (brain). Thus, affected by the vitiated ''rakta'' and ''vata'', at sunrise due to the heat of sunrays these slowly liquefy and thereby during the day there is headache which increases with the day. At the end of the day as they solidify, the headache subsides. The condition is called ''suryavarta'' and is managed by post-prandial ghee consumption, ''shirovireka'' (purificatory errhines), ''kayavireka'' (purgation), ''shiropichu'' (holding a gauze or piece of cotton soaked in medicated oil over the vertex) or ''shirobasti'' (holding medicated oil in a circular tank like formation over the head) with ''trisnehas'', poultices prepared with ''jangala mamsa'' (meat of animals living in dry lands), affusions with ghee and milk, ghee (''nasya'') errhines prepared out of ''ksheerapaka'' of ''barhi, tittiri, lava'' (birds that live on land) etc. and ''navana'' (unctuous errhines) with ghee processed with 8 parts milk and ''jeevaniya'' drugs (''jeevaka, jeevanti''- Leptadenia reticulata, ''rishabhaka, kakoli, kshirakakoli'' etc.).[79-83]
=== ''Anantavata'' (pulsating headache involving all areas of head) ===
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A physician proficient in the [[Ayurveda]] scriptures should employ ''nasya karma'' (errhines) in diseases of the head as the nose being the gateway of head, the medicines administered thereby pervades into the head and cures diseases pertaining to the head.[88]
A physician proficient in the [[Ayurveda]] scriptures should employ ''nasya karma'' (errhines) in diseases of the head as the nose being the gateway of head, the medicines administered thereby pervades into the head and cures diseases pertaining to the head.[88]
=== Types of ''nasya'' (nasal drug delivery therapy) ===
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The fruit etc. seven categories of medications suitable as errhines for purification of head mentioned in [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana]] may be used as powder and in oil base for purification. The drugs of sweet category mentioned in the that chapter may be used for ''tarpana'' (nourishing). With these mentioned drugs the ''sneha'' should be prepared and used by the physician who is skillful in the errhine therapy.[96-97½]
The fruit etc. seven categories of medications suitable as errhines for purification of head mentioned in [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana]] may be used as powder and in oil base for purification. The drugs of sweet category mentioned in the that chapter may be used for ''tarpana'' (nourishing). With these mentioned drugs the ''sneha'' should be prepared and used by the physician who is skillful in the errhine therapy.[96-97½]
=== Procedure of nasya therapy ===
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''Tarpana sneha nasya'' should be administered into the nostrils of a patient in the early morning or midnoon, who has attended to his ablutions lying down supine comfortably on a well spread couch, with head extended and the foot slightly raised. If the head is not lowered at all, the medication does not reach the head. If the head is excessively lowered the nasya medication may reach into the brain. Hence, a reclining patient for proper purification should be administered fomentation to the head. After proper fomentation, the tip of nose elevated with the thumb of left hand and with the right hand the unctuous errhine should be dropped into the nostril through a tube or gauze, equally into both the nostrils. After having done this, the head should be duly fomented and the instilled medicine should be repeatedly extracted along with the phlegmmatous discharge so that no medicine remains. (98-103½)
''Tarpana sneha nasya'' should be administered into the nostrils of a patient in the early morning or midnoon, who has attended to his ablutions lying down supine comfortably on a well spread couch, with head extended and the foot slightly raised. If the head is not lowered at all, the medication does not reach the head. If the head is excessively lowered the nasya medication may reach into the brain. Hence, a reclining patient for proper purification should be administered fomentation to the head. After proper fomentation, the tip of nose elevated with the thumb of left hand and with the right hand the unctuous errhine should be dropped into the nostril through a tube or gauze, equally into both the nostrils. After having done this, the head should be duly fomented and the instilled medicine should be repeatedly extracted along with the phlegmmatous discharge so that no medicine remains. (98-103½)
=== ''Dhumapana'' (medicated smoking) and post ''nasya'' therapy ===
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The same procedure should be employed for administration of ''avapida nasya'' (expressed errhine). As regards ''pradhmapana'' (powder inhalation), the medicinal powder should be blown by mouth through a 6 ''Angula'' long tube. After purification of the head he should be made to drink hot water followed by predominant fluid diet which is light and not against the three ''doshas'', and then made to reside in a breezeless place by vigilant physician. One who is purified off the ''doshas'' if indulges in factors which cause ''dosha'' aggravation, the ''doshas'' getting provoked move about in the body producing many diseases due to them. In these the wise physician should carry out treatments as mentioned and as appropriate for diseases arising due to untimely administration of errhine therapy. [104-110]
The same procedure should be employed for administration of ''avapida nasya'' (expressed errhine). As regards ''pradhmapana'' (powder inhalation), the medicinal powder should be blown by mouth through a 6 ''Angula'' long tube. After purification of the head he should be made to drink hot water followed by predominant fluid diet which is light and not against the three ''doshas'', and then made to reside in a breezeless place by vigilant physician. One who is purified off the ''doshas'' if indulges in factors which cause ''dosha'' aggravation, the ''doshas'' getting provoked move about in the body producing many diseases due to them. In these the wise physician should carry out treatments as mentioned and as appropriate for diseases arising due to untimely administration of errhine therapy. [104-110]
=== The treatment of vitiated ''doshas'' after ''nasya'' ===
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Unctuous errhine administered in those afflicted by severe fever, grief and alcoholics causes dimness of vision. It should be managed by collyrium and applications to the eye and instillation of medicine prepared by ''putapaka'' method which are un-unctuous and cold. [111-115]
Unctuous errhine administered in those afflicted by severe fever, grief and alcoholics causes dimness of vision. It should be managed by collyrium and applications to the eye and instillation of medicine prepared by ''putapaka'' method which are un-unctuous and cold. [111-115]
=== Types of ''navana'' (unctuous errhines) ===
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Unctuous errhine (all errhines for that matter) is of two types- oleating and purificatory. ''Pratimarsha'' (low dose unctuous errhine) serves both the purpose and does not produce any ill effects. In the morning, night and at all times, one should use an oleated finger for ''pratimarsha''. It should not be inhaled deeply. It is suitable for healthy and serves to strengthen the head.[116-117]
Unctuous errhine (all errhines for that matter) is of two types- oleating and purificatory. ''Pratimarsha'' (low dose unctuous errhine) serves both the purpose and does not produce any ill effects. In the morning, night and at all times, one should use an oleated finger for ''pratimarsha''. It should not be inhaled deeply. It is suitable for healthy and serves to strengthen the head.[116-117]
=== Summary ===
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In practice, especially in conditions of migraine, allergic rhinitis and atopic rhinitis we advise patients to smear medicated oil or ghee into the nostrils using an oleated finger. This may be considered a form of ''pratimarsha'' itself.
In practice, especially in conditions of migraine, allergic rhinitis and atopic rhinitis we advise patients to smear medicated oil or ghee into the nostrils using an oleated finger. This may be considered a form of ''pratimarsha'' itself.
=== Related Chapters ===
=== Related Chapters ===