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== Introduction ==
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This chapter discusses various theories (regarding the origin of ''Purusha'' as well as the diseases that afflict him) postulated by ten sages (or scholars) under the aegis of Lord Punarvasu Atreya – providing insights into the various aspects that influence the shaping of the being, and also the origin of the ailments or disorders that afflict it. Kashipati Vamaka initiated the discussions with a query about the origin of human beings and disease, followed by Maudagalya Parikshi (on ''atma'' theory), Sharaloma (on ''sattva'' theory), Varyovida (on ''rasa'' theory), Hiranyaksha (on ''shad-dhatu'' theory), Kaushika (on ''mata-pitru'' theory), Bhadrakapya (on ''karma'' theory), Bharadwaja (on ''swabhava'' theory), Kankayana (on Prajapati theory), and Atreya Bhikshu (on ''kala'' theory). Lord Punarvasu Atreya concluded the discussions by stating that the same factors that are responsible for the origin and growth of human beings can cause diseases also. This chapter is closely associated with the third chapter of [[Sharira Sthana]] (''Khuddika garbhavakranti''), which provides additional insights into the origins of human beings.
This chapter discusses various theories (regarding the origin of ''Purusha'' as well as the diseases that afflict him) postulated by ten sages (or scholars) under the aegis of Lord Punarvasu Atreya – providing insights into the various aspects that influence the shaping of the being, and also the origin of the ailments or disorders that afflict it. Kashipati Vamaka initiated the discussions with a query about the origin of human beings and disease, followed by Maudagalya Parikshi (on ''atma'' theory), Sharaloma (on ''sattva'' theory), Varyovida (on ''rasa'' theory), Hiranyaksha (on ''shad-dhatu'' theory), Kaushika (on ''mata-pitru'' theory), Bhadrakapya (on ''karma'' theory), Bharadwaja (on ''swabhava'' theory), Kankayana (on Prajapati theory), and Atreya Bhikshu (on ''kala'' theory). Lord Punarvasu Atreya concluded the discussions by stating that the same factors that are responsible for the origin and growth of human beings can cause diseases also. This chapter is closely associated with the third chapter of [[Sharira Sthana]] (''Khuddika garbhavakranti''), which provides additional insights into the origins of human beings.
Considering the health of human beings, dietary articles that are beneficial and harmful have been provided in this chapter with relevant examples. The first choices in medication, the best factors in various categories, and suggested lifestyle have been grouped into a category named ''agrya samgraha''. Also, Lord Atreya answers Agnivesha's query about ''asava'' (alcoholic preparations) with an elaborate explanation of eighty-four types of ''asava'', categorized by parts of herbs used in their preparation. Thus, this chapter provided an introduction to food and beverages that are beneficial to health.
Considering the health of human beings, dietary articles that are beneficial and harmful have been provided in this chapter with relevant examples. The first choices in medication, the best factors in various categories, and suggested lifestyle have been grouped into a category named ''agrya samgraha''. Also, Lord Atreya answers Agnivesha's query about ''asava'' (alcoholic preparations) with an elaborate explanation of eighty-four types of ''asava'', categorized by parts of herbs used in their preparation. Thus, this chapter provided an introduction to food and beverages that are beneficial to health.
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==Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation==
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Now, We shall expound the chapter entitled [[Yajjah Purushiya]] (The origin of humans and disease). Thus said Lord Atreya [1-2]
Now, I will explain the chapter on "Origin of Human Beings and the best things for life". Thus said Lord Atreya [1-2]
=== Symposium on origin of [[purusha]] ===
==== The objective of Symposium ====
==== The objective of Symposium ====
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Observing the course of such a controversial and sensitive discussion involving such eminent sages, Lord Punarvasu stated, “ Please do not dispute over this matter, O Sages! It is difficult to arrive at the whole truth in this debate considering only partial aspects. Those who argue and counter argue over points go on circumventing without reaching any conclusion, like a person who operates an oil press. Therefore, let us avoid this war of words and put our collective minds to arrive at the truth. One cannot attain any true knowledge without clearing the obscuring cloud or the darkness of ignorance. The fact is that the same elements, whose wholesome combination gives rise to the well-being of human beings, bring about various kinds of diseases when combined in an unwholesome manner. [26-29]
Observing the course of such a controversial and sensitive discussion involving such eminent sages, Lord Punarvasu stated, “ Please do not dispute over this matter, O Sages! It is difficult to arrive at the whole truth in this debate considering only partial aspects. Those who argue and counter argue over points go on circumventing without reaching any conclusion, like a person who operates an oil press. Therefore, let us avoid this war of words and put our collective minds to arrive at the truth. One cannot attain any true knowledge without clearing the obscuring cloud or the darkness of ignorance. The fact is that the same elements, whose wholesome combination gives rise to the well-being of human beings, bring about various kinds of diseases when combined in an unwholesome manner. [26-29]
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=== Origin of disease ===
==== Second query by Kashipati Vamaka ====
==== Second query by Kashipati Vamaka ====
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Lord Atreya replied to him, “Ingesting wholesome food is the only cause of the nourishment of ''Purusha'', and unwholesome diet is the cause of diseases." [31]
Lord Atreya replied to him, “Ingesting wholesome food is the only cause of the nourishment of ''Purusha'', and unwholesome diet is the cause of diseases." [31]
=== Wholesome and unwholesome things for holistic human being ===
==== Query by Agnivesha ====
==== Query by Agnivesha ====
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=== The classification of food ===
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Thus, classifications of food can be countless due to the sheer diversity of ingredients, combinations and their preparations. [36]
Thus, classifications of food can be countless due to the sheer diversity of ingredients, combinations and their preparations. [36]
=== Two main classes of diet ===
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Nevertheless, we shall now delve upon certain classes of food articles that are mostly commonly used and are naturally the most wholesome and unwholesome to the majority of human beings. [37]
Nevertheless, we shall now delve upon certain classes of food articles that are mostly commonly used and are naturally the most wholesome and unwholesome to the majority of human beings. [37]
=== Wholesome(beneficial) food articles ===
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In this manner, various natural food articles have been identified to be the most wholesome in their class. [38]
In this manner, various natural food articles have been identified to be the most wholesome in their class. [38]
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=== Unwholesome (harmful) food articles ===
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=== ''Agrya samgraha'' (collections of best food articles, factors and drugs in various conditions) ===
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The foremost in their class, one hundred and fifty-two varieties of the best drug, regimen, etc. have been explained as enumerated above. These are sufficient for guiding treatment of various diseases. [41]
The foremost in their class, one hundred and fifty-two varieties of the best drug, regimen, etc. have been explained as enumerated above. These are sufficient for guiding treatment of various diseases. [41]
=== Use in therapeutics ===
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=== ''Pathya'' (wholesome regimen) ===
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Hence, the physician who desires success in treatment shall consider effects of the natural properties of drugs and dietary articles, as well as the usage patterns associated with such articles. [45-47].
Hence, the physician who desires success in treatment shall consider effects of the natural properties of drugs and dietary articles, as well as the usage patterns associated with such articles. [45-47].
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=== Agnivesha’s query regarding ''asava'' (self generated fermented alcoholic beverages) ===
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=== Explanation by Atreya about ''asava'' (self generated fermented alcoholic preparation) ===
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=== Beneficial effects of ''asava'' ===
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The eighty four types of best alcoholic preparations have been enumerated that strengthen the mind, body and digestive power. Such preparations dispel insomnia, depression, anorexia and induce exhilaration. [50]
The eighty four types of best alcoholic preparations have been enumerated that strengthen the mind, body and digestive power. Such preparations dispel insomnia, depression, anorexia and induce exhilaration. [50]
=== Summary ===
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In this chapter titled [[Yajjah Purushiya]] (Origin of the Human Being), sages debated upon the origin of human being and diseases with different thoughts on the topic. Finally, Lord Atreya presented his view on the most wholesome and unwholesome food articles (eatables as well as beverages). [51]
In this chapter titled [[Yajjah Purushiya]] (Origin of the Human Being), sages debated upon the origin of human being and diseases with different thoughts on the topic. Finally, Lord Atreya presented his view on the most wholesome and unwholesome food articles (eatables as well as beverages). [51]
=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' / Fundamental Principles ===
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
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*Multiple factors like ''atman'' (spirit), ''mana'' (mind), ''rasa'' (fluid), ''shad dhatu'' (six elements), ''matru-pitru'' (parents), ''karma'' (past deeds), ''swabhava'' (nature), ''prajapati'' (Creator), and ''kala'' (time) have been considered as the source of creation of the ''purusha'' (human beings). The same factors are considered responsible for origin of diseases.
*Multiple factors like ''atman'' (spirit), ''mana'' (mind), ''rasa'' (fluid), ''shad dhatu'' (six elements), ''matru-pitru'' (parents), ''karma'' (past deeds), ''swabhava'' (nature), ''prajapati'' (Creator), and ''kala'' (time) have been considered as the source of creation of the ''purusha'' (human beings). The same factors are considered responsible for origin of diseases.
*''Asavas'' help in strengthening the mind, body and digestive power. Such preparations dispel insomnia, depression, anorexia and induce exhilaration.
*''Asavas'' help in strengthening the mind, body and digestive power. Such preparations dispel insomnia, depression, anorexia and induce exhilaration.
=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' / Applied Inferences ===
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==
*An Ayurvedic practitioner proficient in therapeutics, dietetics, or preparation of the various forms of ''asava'' should know the properties and attributes of all ingredients, as well as the expected effects of the preparation of the said drug.
*An Ayurvedic practitioner proficient in therapeutics, dietetics, or preparation of the various forms of ''asava'' should know the properties and attributes of all ingredients, as well as the expected effects of the preparation of the said drug.
*84 types of ''asava'' (fermented products), contain probiotics and have effect on body, mind and digestive power are listed indicating gut brain relationship. They help in regulation of sleep, appetite and mental activity.
*84 types of ''asava'' (fermented products), contain probiotics and have effect on body, mind and digestive power are listed indicating gut brain relationship. They help in regulation of sleep, appetite and mental activity.
=== Further research comments ===
=== Further research area ===
It is required here that some researches on scientific ground to support the views and concepts of this chapter, which is very unique and practical.
It is required here that some researches on scientific ground to support the views and concepts of this chapter, which is very unique and practical.