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→Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation
athātaḥ kāsacikitsitaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
athātaḥ kāsacikitsitaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2|
iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2|
athAtaH kAsacikitsitaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
Atreya said, we will now describe the chapter on the treatment of kasa.(1)
Atreya said, we will now describe the chapter on the treatment of kasa.(1)
pa~jcaite syurnRuNAM kAsA vardhamAnAH kShayapradAH||4||
pa~jcaite syurnRuNAM kAsA vardhamAnAH kShayapradAH||4||
Atrey, endowed with power of penance, fame and perseverance and super-intellect expounded the infallible therapies for the treatment of kasa. There are five types of kasa. If exacerbated they may cause kshaya. These five types are, vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataj and kshayaja. (3-4)
Atrey, endowed with power of penance, fame and perseverance and super-intellect expounded the infallible therapies for the treatment of kasa. There are five types of kasa. If exacerbated they may cause kshaya. These five types are, vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataj and kshayaja. (3-4)
Premonitaory signs:
==== Premonitaory signs ====
पूर्वरूपं भवेत्तेषां शूकपूर्णगलास्यता |
पूर्वरूपं भवेत्तेषां शूकपूर्णगलास्यता |
कण्ठे कण्डूश्च भोज्यानामवरोधश्च जायते ||५||
कण्ठे कण्डूश्च भोज्यानामवरोधश्च जायते ||५||
2. Itching sensation in the throat.
2. Itching sensation in the throat.
3. Inability to swallow food.(3-4)
3. Inability to swallow food.(3-4)
Pathophysiology of kasa:
==== Pathophysiology of kasa ====
अधःप्रतिहतो वायुरूर्ध्वस्रोतःसमाश्रितः |
अधःप्रतिहतो वायुरूर्ध्वस्रोतःसमाश्रितः |
उदानभावमापन्नः कण्ठे सक्तस्तथोरसि ||६||
उदानभावमापन्नः कण्ठे सक्तस्तथोरसि ||६||
shuShko vA sakapho vA~api kasanAtkAsa ucyate||8||
shuShko vA sakapho vA~api kasanAtkAsa ucyate||8||
Vata being obstructed in the lower region of the body, moves upwards, afflicts the channels of circulation in the upper part of the body, takes over the function of udana vayu and gets localized in the throat and chest. Then entering all the cavities in the head, fills them up and causes hunching and convulsive movements of the body, jaws, sides of the neck and eyes. Thereafter this obstructed vata causes contraction and stiffness of the eyes, back, chest and sides of the chest, gives rise to kasa which may be dry or with phlegm because of which it is known as kasa.(6-8)
Vata being obstructed in the lower region of the body, moves upwards, afflicts the channels of circulation in the upper part of the body, takes over the function of udana vayu and gets localized in the throat and chest. Then entering all the cavities in the head, fills them up and causes hunching and convulsive movements of the body, jaws, sides of the neck and eyes. Thereafter this obstructed vata causes contraction and stiffness of the eyes, back, chest and sides of the chest, gives rise to kasa which may be dry or with phlegm because of which it is known as kasa.(6-8)
Specific features of kasa:
==== Specific features of kasa ====
प्रतिघातविशेषेण तस्य वायोः सरंहसः |
प्रतिघातविशेषेण तस्य वायोः सरंहसः |
वेदनाशब्दवैशिष्ट्यं कासानामुपजायते ||९||
वेदनाशब्दवैशिष्ट्यं कासानामुपजायते ||९||
Specific variations in the pain and sound associated with different types of kasa are caused by the specific nature of the obstruction (by kapha etc.) to the force fully moving vayu.(9)
Specific variations in the pain and sound associated with different types of kasa are caused by the specific nature of the obstruction (by kapha etc.) to the force fully moving vayu.(9)
Etiological factors, clinical features of vataja kasa:
==== Etiological factors, clinical features of vataja kasa ====
रूक्षशीतकषायाल्पप्रमितानशनं स्त्रियः |
रूक्षशीतकषायाल्पप्रमितानशनं स्त्रियः |
वेगधारणमायासो वातकासप्रवर्तकाः ||१०||
वेगधारणमायासो वातकासप्रवर्तकाः ||१०||
4. Suppression of vega.
4. Suppression of vega.
5. Excessive physical strain.
5. Excessive physical strain.
Its signs and symptoms are as follows:
1. Excruciating pain in the epigastric region, flanks, chest, and head.
1. Excruciating pain in the epigastric region, flanks, chest, and head.
2. Excessive hoarseness of the voice.
2. Excessive hoarseness of the voice.
9. The kasa gets alleviated by the food and drinks that are snigdha, amla, lavana and ushna.
9. The kasa gets alleviated by the food and drinks that are snigdha, amla, lavana and ushna.
10. The upward movements increases vata after digestion of food.(10-13)
10. The upward movements increases vata after digestion of food.(10-13)
Pittaja kasa:
==== Pittaja kasa ====
कटुकोष्णविदाह्यम्लक्षाराणामतिसेवनम् |
कटुकोष्णविदाह्यम्लक्षाराणामतिसेवनम् |
पित्तकासकरं क्रोधः सन्तापश्चाग्निसूर्यजः ||१४||
पित्तकासकरं क्रोधः सन्तापश्चाग्निसूर्यजः ||१४||
pItaniShThIvanAkShitvaM tiktAsyatvaM svarAmayaH|
pItaniShThIvanAkShitvaM tiktAsyatvaM svarAmayaH|
urodhUmAyanaM tRuShNA dAho moho~arucirbhramaH||15||
urodhUmAyanaM tRuShNA dAho moho~arucirbhramaH||15||
pratataM kAsamAnashca jyotIMShIva ca pashyati|
shleShmANaM pittasaMsRuShTaM niShThIvati ca paittike||16||
shleShmANaM pittasaMsRuShTaM niShThIvati ca paittike||16||
Excessive intake of ushna, katu, vidahi, amla and kshara type of ahara; krodha, santapa , exposure to the heat of the fire and sun are the causative factors of pittaja kasa.
Excessive intake of ushna, katu, vidahi, amla and kshara type of ahara; krodha, santapa , exposure to the heat of the fire and sun are the causative factors of pittaja kasa.
6. Appearance of twinkling stars in front of the eyes while coughing continuously
6. Appearance of twinkling stars in front of the eyes while coughing continuously
7. Expectoration of sputum mixed with pitta. (14-16)
7. Expectoration of sputum mixed with pitta. (14-16)
Kaphaja kasa:
==== Kaphaja kasa ====
गुर्वभिष्यन्दिमधुरस्निग्धस्वप्नाविचेष्टनैः |
गुर्वभिष्यन्दिमधुरस्निग्धस्वप्नाविचेष्टनैः |
वृद्धः श्लेष्माऽनिलं रुद्ध्वा कफकासं करोति हि ||१७||
वृद्धः श्लेष्माऽनिलं रुद्ध्वा कफकासं करोति हि ||१७||
4. Not feeling of pain in the chest while coughing
4. Not feeling of pain in the chest while coughing
5. Feeling of fullness in the chest(17-19)
5. Feeling of fullness in the chest(17-19)
Kshataja kasa:
==== Kshataja kasa ====
अतिव्यवायभाराध्वयुद्धाश्वगजविग्रहैः |
अतिव्यवायभाराध्वयुद्धाश्वगजविग्रहैः |
रूक्षस्योरः क्षतं वायुर्गृहीत्वा कासमावहेत् ||२०||
रूक्षस्योरः क्षतं वायुर्गृहीत्वा कासमावहेत् ||२०||
5. Pain in joints and fingers, fever, labored breath, thirst and altered voice
5. Pain in joints and fingers, fever, labored breath, thirst and altered voice
6. While coughing, sounds humming like pigeon. (20-23)
6. While coughing, sounds humming like pigeon. (20-23)
Kshayaja kasa:
==== Kshayaja kasa ====
विषमासात्म्यभोज्यातिव्यवायाद्वेगनिग्रहात् |
विषमासात्म्यभोज्यातिव्यवायाद्वेगनिग्रहात् |
घृणिनां शोचतां नॄणां व्यापन्नेऽग्नौ त्रयो मलाः ||२४||
घृणिनां शोचतां नॄणां व्यापन्नेऽग्नौ त्रयो मलाः ||२४||
The first three types of kasa (vataja, pittaja, kaphaja) should be treated as these are sadhya vyadhi. Whereas other two types (khataja and kshayaja) should be palliated with appropriate drugs and diet.
The first three types of kasa (vataja, pittaja, kaphaja) should be treated as these are sadhya vyadhi. Whereas other two types (khataja and kshayaja) should be palliated with appropriate drugs and diet.
Treatment of different types of kasa has been described here after.(31)
Treatment of different types of kasa has been described here after.(31)
Treatment :
==== Treatment ====
रूक्षस्यानिलजं कासमादौ स्नेहैरुपाचरेत् |
रूक्षस्यानिलजं कासमादौ स्नेहैरुपाचरेत् |
सर्पिर्भिर्बस्तिभिः पेयायूषक्षीररसादिभिः ||३२||
सर्पिर्भिर्बस्तिभिः पेयायूषक्षीररसादिभिः ||३२||
As rukshata will be more prominent in vataja type of kasa it should be treated with snehika upacharas. ghrita pana, basti, peya , yusha, ksheera, mamsa rasa etc should be prepared with vataghna dravyas and is to be administered properly. Abhyanga, parisheka (sprinkling or pouring), snigdha sweda etc should be followed appropriately.
As rukshata will be more prominent in vataja type of kasa it should be treated with snehika upacharas. ghrita pana, basti, peya , yusha, ksheera, mamsa rasa etc should be prepared with vataghna dravyas and is to be administered properly. Abhyanga, parisheka (sprinkling or pouring), snigdha sweda etc should be followed appropriately.
If it is associated with constipation and flatulence should be treated with basti. If the person has dryness of upper part of the body, and is associated with aggravated pitta, then he should be given medicated ghrita after intake of food. If the person has dryness of the upper part of the body associated with pitta aggravation then he should be treated with snigdha virechana.(32-34)
If it is associated with constipation and flatulence should be treated with basti. If the person has dryness of upper part of the body, and is associated with aggravated pitta, then he should be given medicated ghrita after intake of food. If the person has dryness of the upper part of the body associated with pitta aggravation then he should be treated with snigdha virechana.(32-34)
Kantakari ghrita:
==== Kantakari ghrita ====
कण्टकारीगुडूचीभ्यां पृथक् त्रिंशत्पलाद्रसे |
कण्टकारीगुडूचीभ्यां पृथक् त्रिंशत्पलाद्रसे |
प्रस्थः सिद्धो घृताद्वातकासनुद्वह्निदीपनः ||३५||
प्रस्थः सिद्धो घृताद्वातकासनुद्वह्निदीपनः ||३५||
iti kaNTakArIghRutam|
iti kaNTakArIghRutam|
Thirty pala of kantakari and guduchi kashaya each is to be boiled with ghrita to prepare 1 Prastha of ghrita. This particular ghrita is beneficial in vatika kasa. It promotes the power of digestion. Thus ends the description of kantakari ghrita.(35)
Thirty pala of kantakari and guduchi kashaya each is to be boiled with ghrita to prepare 1 Prastha of ghrita. This particular ghrita is beneficial in vatika kasa. It promotes the power of digestion. Thus ends the description of kantakari ghrita.(35)
Pippalyadi ghrita:
==== Pippalyadi ghrita ====
पिप्पलीपिप्पलीमूलचव्यचित्रकनागरैः |
पिप्पलीपिप्पलीमूलचव्यचित्रकनागरैः |
धान्यपाठावचारास्नायष्ट्याह्वक्षारहिङ्गुभिः ||३६||
धान्यपाठावचारास्नायष्ट्याह्वक्षारहिङ्गुभिः ||३६||
One prastha of ghrita is to be cooked by adding one adhaka of the decoction of dashamoola and the paste of one kola of each pippali, pippali-moola, chavya, chitraka, nagara, dhanyaka, patha, vaca, rasna, yashtimadhu, kshara, hingu. Intake of one chaturthika (pala) of this ghrita along with peya, manda is beneficial in shwaasa, kasa, hridroga, parshwashoola, grahani and gulma. This particular formulation is known as pipplyaadi ghrita and is propounded by Atreya.
One prastha of ghrita is to be cooked by adding one adhaka of the decoction of dashamoola and the paste of one kola of each pippali, pippali-moola, chavya, chitraka, nagara, dhanyaka, patha, vaca, rasna, yashtimadhu, kshara, hingu. Intake of one chaturthika (pala) of this ghrita along with peya, manda is beneficial in shwaasa, kasa, hridroga, parshwashoola, grahani and gulma. This particular formulation is known as pipplyaadi ghrita and is propounded by Atreya.
Thus ends the description of pipplyadi-ghrita.(36-38)
Thus ends the description of pipplyadi-ghrita.(36-38)
Trushanadi ghrita:
==== Trushanadi ghrita ====
त्र्यूषणं त्रिफलां द्राक्षां काश्मर्याणि परूषकम् |
त्र्यूषणं त्रिफलां द्राक्षां काश्मर्याणि परूषकम् |
द्वे पाठे देवदार्वृद्धिं स्वगुप्तां चित्रकं शटीम् ||३९||
द्वे पाठे देवदार्वृद्धिं स्वगुप्तां चित्रकं शटीम् ||३९||
One prastha of ghrita should be cooked by adding four prasthas of milk and the paste of one karsha each of tryushana, triphala, draksha, kashmari, parushaka, dve patha (patha, raja patha), devadaru, rddhi, swagupta, chitraka, shati, brahmi, tamalaki, meda, kakanasa, shatavari, trikantaka, vidari. This is an effective kasahara formulation. It also cures jwara, gulma, aruchi, pleeha, shirah shoola, hrit shoola, parshwa shoola, kamala, arshas, ashtheela, kshata, shosha, kshaya. This well known formulation is named as tryushanadi ghrita.
One prastha of ghrita should be cooked by adding four prasthas of milk and the paste of one karsha each of tryushana, triphala, draksha, kashmari, parushaka, dve patha (patha, raja patha), devadaru, rddhi, swagupta, chitraka, shati, brahmi, tamalaki, meda, kakanasa, shatavari, trikantaka, vidari. This is an effective kasahara formulation. It also cures jwara, gulma, aruchi, pleeha, shirah shoola, hrit shoola, parshwa shoola, kamala, arshas, ashtheela, kshata, shosha, kshaya. This well known formulation is named as tryushanadi ghrita.
Thus ends the description of tryushanaadi ghrita. (39-42)
Thus ends the description of tryushanaadi ghrita. (39-42)
Rasna ghritam:
==== Rasna ghritam ====
द्रोणेऽपां साधयेद्रास्नां दशमूलीं शतावरीम् |
द्रोणेऽपां साधयेद्रास्नां दशमूलीं शतावरीम् |
पलिकां माणिकांशांस्तु कुलत्थान्बदरान्यवान् ||४३||
पलिकां माणिकांशांस्तु कुलत्थान्बदरान्यवान् ||४३||
iti rAsnAghRutam|
iti rAsnAghRutam|
In one drona of water, one pala of each of rasna, dashamoolas, one manika of each of kulattha, badara, yava and half tula of ajamamsa should be added and boiled till one fourth of water remains. To this decoction, one adhaka of each of ghrita, ksheera and one pala of each of ten drugs belonging to jivaneeya (dashemani) should be added and cooked. This prepared ghrita should be used in the form of nasya, pana and anuvasana, after proper assessment of the stages of vataroga. This cures five types of kasa, shirahshoola, kamparoga, vankshna and yoni roga, diseases afflicting whole body or only one limb of the body, pleeha roga, urdhwa vata.
In one drona of water, one pala of each of rasna, dashamoolas, one manika of each of kulattha, badara, yava and half tula of ajamamsa should be added and boiled till one fourth of water remains. To this decoction, one adhaka of each of ghrita, ksheera and one pala of each of ten drugs belonging to jivaneeya (dashemani) should be added and cooked. This prepared ghrita should be used in the form of nasya, pana and anuvasana, after proper assessment of the stages of vataroga. This cures five types of kasa, shirahshoola, kamparoga, vankshna and yoni roga, diseases afflicting whole body or only one limb of the body, pleeha roga, urdhwa vata.
Thus ends the description of rasna- ghrita.(43-46)
Thus ends the description of rasna- ghrita.(43-46)
The powder of dusparsha, pippali, musta, bharangi, karkataki, and shati should be mixed with purana guda and taila. Taken this powder in the form of leha is beneficial in vatika type of kasa.
The powder of dusparsha, pippali, musta, bharangi, karkataki, and shati should be mixed with purana guda and taila. Taken this powder in the form of leha is beneficial in vatika type of kasa.
Powder prepared out of vidanga, saindhava lavana, kushtha, vyosha, hingu, manahshila taken along with madhua and sarpi in the form of leha eradicates kasa, hikka and shwaasa.(47-52)
Powder prepared out of vidanga, saindhava lavana, kushtha, vyosha, hingu, manahshila taken along with madhua and sarpi in the form of leha eradicates kasa, hikka and shwaasa.(47-52)
Chitrakadi leha:
==== Chitrakadi leha ====
चित्रकं पिप्पलीमूलं व्योषं हिङ्गु दुरालभाम् |
चित्रकं पिप्पलीमूलं व्योषं हिङ्गु दुरालभाम् |
शटीं पुष्करमूलं च श्रेयसीं सुरसां वचाम् ||५३||
शटीं पुष्करमूलं च श्रेयसीं सुरसां वचाम् ||५३||
In half tula of the decoction of nidigdhika(Solanum xanthocarpum), the powder or paste of one karsha of each of chitraka, pippalimula, vyosha, hingu, duralabha, shati, pushkaramoola, shreyasi, surasa, vacha, bharangi, chinnaruha, rasna, shringi, draksha should be added. To this twenty palas of matsyandika and one kudava of ghrita should be added and cooked, There after when it becomes cool, one kudava of each of madhu, pippali powder, four palas of the powder of tugakshiri should be added. This leha will cure kasa, hridroga, shwaasa, gulma.
In half tula of the decoction of nidigdhika(Solanum xanthocarpum), the powder or paste of one karsha of each of chitraka, pippalimula, vyosha, hingu, duralabha, shati, pushkaramoola, shreyasi, surasa, vacha, bharangi, chinnaruha, rasna, shringi, draksha should be added. To this twenty palas of matsyandika and one kudava of ghrita should be added and cooked, There after when it becomes cool, one kudava of each of madhu, pippali powder, four palas of the powder of tugakshiri should be added. This leha will cure kasa, hridroga, shwaasa, gulma.
Thus ends the description of chitrakadi leha.(53-56)
Thus ends the description of chitrakadi leha.(53-56)
Agastya haritaki:
==== Agastya haritaki ====
दशमूलीं स्वयङ्गुप्तां शङ्खपुष्पीं शटीं बलाम् |
दशमूलीं स्वयङ्गुप्तां शङ्खपुष्पीं शटीं बलाम् |
हस्तिपिप्पल्यपामार्गपिप्पलीमूलचित्रकान् ||५७||
हस्तिपिप्पल्यपामार्गपिप्पलीमूलचित्रकान् ||५७||