Changes

==== Different colors of Urine ====

==== Different colors of Urine ====

===== White Urine =====

===== White =====

• Phosphaturia is usually intermittent, occurring following a meal or after ingesting a large quantity of milk.

*Phosphaturia is usually intermittent, occurring following a meal or after ingesting a large quantity of milk.

• Pyuria (abundant white blood cells) in association with an infection of the urinary tract.

*Pyuria (abundant white blood cells) in association with an infection of the urinary tract.

• White cloudy urine can rarely be due to chyluria (lymph fluid), resulting from a communication with between the lymphatic system and the urinary tract.

*White cloudy urine can rarely be due to chyluria (lymph fluid), resulting from a communication with between the lymphatic system and the urinary tract.

Red / Pink  

===== Red / Pink =====

*The presence of red cells, free hemoglobin (from broken down red blood cells), or myoglobin (from broken down muscle cells)

• An inherited form of high calcium (called "familial hypercalcemia") can result in blue urine, which has lent this disease the nickname "blue diaper syndrome". Another metabolic disorder, indicanuria, can cause blue urine due to tryptophan indole metabolites.  

*Hemoglobinuria - urinary tract infection, urinary stone, or urinary malignancy.

Brown /Black  

• Melanin and melanogen, found in the urine of patients with melanoma, will darken standing urine from the air-exposed surface downward.

 

• Alcaptonia, a rare hereditary disease, the urine will turn dark after being exposed to the air over a period of time due to the presence of homogentisic acid.

• Urinary hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid excretion due the metabolic disorder tyrosinosis will also cause urine to be brown-black in color.

 

• In porphyria cutanea tarda, the urine will appear reddish brown in natural light but fluoresces pink under ultraviolet light.

===== Brown /Black =====

 

*Melanin and melanogen, found in the urine of patients with melanoma, will darken standing urine from the air-exposed surface downward.

*Alcaptonia, a rare hereditary disease, the urine will turn dark after being exposed to the air over a period of time due to the presence of homogentisic acid.

*Urinary hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid excretion due the metabolic disorder tyrosinosis will also cause urine to be brown-black in color.

*In porphyria cutanea tarda, the urine will appear reddish brown in natural light but fluoresces pink under ultraviolet light.

==== Prognosis ====

==== Prognosis ====