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Samavaya means an eternal and inseparable relationship. For example, the relationship between [[mahabhuta]] and their qualities.[SAT-A.271]<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> It is the coexistence/concomitant relation.<ref>Sivaditya. Saptapadarthi. Edited by Amarendra Mohan Tarkatirtha& Narendra Chandra Vedantatirtha. Calcutta. MetropolitianPriniting& Publishing House Limited; 1934.</ref> As per philosophy and [[Ayurveda]], samavaya is one of the six [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/28] or seven padartha.[Tk.S.2]<ref>Annam Bhatt. Takrasangraha. Edited by S.S.Sukthankar. Bombay: The Bombay book depot;1930.</ref> It is useful in the field of treatment (chikitsa). It is the interconnecting link between cause (karana) and effect (karya) or substance ([[dravya]]) and qualities ([[guna]]). Whole and its parts (avayava-avayavi), substance and its property (guna-guni).<ref>Avhad AD, Dwivedi R. Effect of Pippalimula on Ama w.s.r. to Samavaya. Ayu 2014;35:35-41.</ref> The purpose of samavaya is to connect two inseparable entities. This relationship is also seen as an outward objective reality, or padartha. For example, in case of a cloth, there are two distinct entities like fabric and its colour. In addition, there is a third entity, that is the relationship between them. It is an additional objective reality. The first five categories, substance, quality, action, similarity and dis-similarity are the bricks of the Nyaya Vaishesika philosophy. Samavaya, is the mortar that holds them together. The relationship between two inseparables, ayutasiddhas, has been characterized as samavaya. This article describes the concept of samavaya and its utility in biomedical sciences.
Samavaya means an eternal and inseparable relationship. For example, the relationship between [[mahabhuta]] and their qualities.[SAT-A.271]<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> It is the coexistence/concomitant relation.<ref>Sivaditya. Saptapadarthi. Edited by Amarendra Mohan Tarkatirtha& Narendra Chandra Vedantatirtha. Calcutta. MetropolitianPriniting& Publishing House Limited; 1934.</ref> As per philosophy and [[Ayurveda]], samavaya is one of the six [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/28] or seven padartha.[Tk.S.2]<ref name=Tarka>Annam Bhatt. Takrasangraha. Edited by S.S.Sukthankar. Bombay: The Bombay book depot;1930.</ref> It is useful in the field of treatment (chikitsa). It is the interconnecting link between cause (karana) and effect (karya) or substance ([[dravya]]) and qualities ([[guna]]). Whole and its parts (avayava-avayavi), substance and its property (guna-guni).<ref name=pippali>Avhad AD, Dwivedi R. Effect of Pippalimula on Ama w.s.r. to Samavaya. Ayu 2014;35:35-41.</ref> The purpose of samavaya is to connect two inseparable entities. This relationship is also seen as an outward objective reality, or padartha. For example, in case of a cloth, there are two distinct entities like fabric and its colour. In addition, there is a third entity, that is the relationship between them. It is an additional objective reality. The first five categories, substance, quality, action, similarity and dis-similarity are the bricks of the Nyaya Vaishesika philosophy. Samavaya, is the mortar that holds them together. The relationship between two inseparables, ayutasiddhas, has been characterized as samavaya. This article describes the concept of samavaya and its utility in biomedical sciences.
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
Adharadheya bhava, aprithak bhava, avibhakta bhava, ayutasiddha, nityasambandha, multitude, assemblage, collection, aggregate, close connection, cohesion, inseparable concomitance, perpetual co-inherence, inner or intimate relation, constant and intimate union.
Adharadheya bhava, aprithak bhava, avibhakta bhava, ayutasiddha, nityasambandha, multitude, assemblage, collection, aggregate, close connection, cohesion, inseparable concomitance, perpetual co-inherence, inner or intimate relation, constant and intimate union.
==Characteristics==
Samavaya is defined by the following characteristic features:
#Nityam: It is an eternal or permanent relationship between things that always exist. [Tk.S.79 ]<ref name=Tarka/> [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/40]
#Aprithaka bhava: Relationship between things cannot be destroyed even if the substance is destroyed. Another meaning of the word is that they can't be separated without destroying themselves.[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/40]
#Ekam: It is only the same relation existing between any two inseparable objects.
#Atindriyam: It is imperceptible to the sensory organs. Only the substance or things are visible or perceived not the relation between them.
#Ayutsiddhasambandha: The relationship between two [[dravya]] or things is not just a combination of two things, they cannot exist in separate forms. They always exist in co-inherence.
==Different understanding of Samavaya relationship==
'''Part and the whole (avayavaand avayavi):''' The basic element and the compound made from it are inseparable. Like cloth and thread.
'''Qualities and quality holder ([[guna]] and guni):''' The compound or any elements and their properties have inseparable relations. Like fire and hotness. A few other examples of samavaya relationships are:
*Coldness (sheeta) – water element ([[Jala]])
*Smell (gandha) – earth element ([[Prithvi]])
*Sound (Shabda) – ether/space element ([[Akasha]])
'''Action (kriya) and substance ([[dravya]]):''' The compound or element or thing and its actions have inseparable relations. As movement is the action of [[vata dosha]]. This kind of relationship is also found in
*[[Pachana]] (digestive)- pachaka dravya (Shunthi - ginger)
*Rechana (purgation) – rechaka dravya (Haritaki – Terminalia chebula)
*[[Vamana]] (emesis)- vamaka dravya (Madanaphala - emetic nut)
'''Inherent property (jati) and its holder (vyakti):''' Like humanity human beings is their inherent property. This kind of relationship is found in each species.
==Difference between Samavaya and Samyoga==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Table 1: Difference between Samavaya and Samyoga
|-
! S.no. !! Samavaya !! Samyoga
|-
| | 1 || Found in between inseparable entities (ayutasiddhatwa) || Found in two different entities which are separate from each other (yutasiddhatwa)
|-
| | 2 || Eternal (nitya) || Transient (anitya)
|-
| | 3 || Single(eka) || Multiple (aneka)
|-
| | 4 || Permanent (sthayi) || Temporary (asthayi)
|-
| | 5 || Inseparable (aprithagbhava) || Separable (prithagbhava)
|-
| | 6 || Eternal relation like Avayava- avayavi, Guna-guninau, Kriya-kriyavan, Nitya-vishesha, Jati-vyakti || Not specific
|-
| | 7 || Imperecptible (atindriya) || Assessable through senses (indriyagrahya)
|-
|}
==Applied aspect of Samavaya==
'''Diagnosis:''' The disease condition shows signs and symptoms. The cardinal features that are integrally linked to the disease must also be relied on in the diagnostic factors. Disease and their cardinal features have a samavaya relationship. Thus, cardinal features are used to diagnose a condition. For examples:
*Obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes ([[prameha]]) – excessive production of urine (prabhutaavilamutrata)
*Diarrhea (atisara) - excessive liquid stool production (atidrava mala pravrutti)
*Fever ([[jwara]]) - hyperthermia (santapa)
'''Treatment:''' [[Ayurveda]] also recognizes Samavaya as a distinct and significant padartha. The basic Ayurvedic idea for therapy is that the medications are employed based on their botanical or mineral properties. Effective drug selection is essential for a successful treatment. Physicians can trust in medications based on eternal relationships since they contain qualities ([[guna]]) and activity profiles ([[karma]]). In practice, the physician continuously evaluates the quality and activity of a drug.
For examples:
*Cold property (sheeta guna) and [[pitta]] pacifying action (shamana karma) has resided in Emblica officinalis (amalaka) with samavaya relation, and it is used in excessive aggravation of [[pitta]](pittavruddhi).
*Randia spinosa ([[Madanaphala[[) - therapetic emesis ([[vamana]] karma) with samavaya relation; Operculina turpethum (trivrutta) - Therapeutic purgation ([[virechana]] karma) with samavaya relation
*Ghee (clarified butter) - [[pitta]] shamana, honey (madhu) – [[kapha]] shamana
'''Prevention:''' Food taken in the right quantity and quality has properties of nutrition, growth, and development of the body. Every food item has inherent nutritional characteristics that cannot be separated. The prevention of various diseases is achieved based on diet. Avoiding apathy is a preventive component of samavaya, as a diet with a specific property ([[guna]]) and action ([[karma]]) is bad in that sickness and should be avoided. For example: in obesity (sthaulya), milk is avoided, etc.
'''Applicability in [[prabhava]] concept:''' [[Prabhava]] has an influential impact of some peculiar drugs; because of samavayakarana only, its existence becomes possible to exhibit its functions.
'''As a causative factor:''' [[Ayurveda]] listed samavaya as one of the important causative factors. Samavayikarana is responsible for all actions. Like causes ([[hetu]]) are samavayi for diseases.
'''As a type of perception of senses:''' Tarkasangraha mentioned samavaya as one among the six kinds of perception through senses (indriyasannikarsha). [Tk.S. 43]<ref name=Tarka/>
'''Samavaya in conventional research:''' Correlation analysis, regression analysis, odds ratio, and risk ratio are the types of statistical analysis used to find the samavaya sambandha.
==Theses done==
1. Tushar Kanti Bhattacharya (1993): Samavaya and the Nyaya-Vaisesika realism. Department of Philosophy; The University of Burdwan. The study focused on the Nyaya- Vaisheshika's understanding of samavaya, its ontology and concept of relation.
2. Asit Baran Pal (2008): Samavaya as a relation: A critical exposition. Department of Philosophy, University of North Bengal; West Bengal. The goal of this research was to comprehend samavaya as an ontological issue within the perspective of Nyaya Vaisheshika realism and logical empiricism.
3. Anil D. Avhad (2012): An applied aspect of samavaya as karana/padartha in ayurveda chikitsa & darshana. Department of basic principles, I.P.G.T.& R.A.; Jamnagar, Gujarat. The study observed that samavaya is applied in every concept of Ayurveda. It is the basis of triskandha ayurveda.
4. Sarbani Banerjee (2003): Samavayasambandha Ek tivicharmulakalochana. Department of Philosophy; Jadavpur University.
==Researches==
Application of samavaya concept: Samavaya is the sixth fundamental cause. It explains the link between substance ([[dravya]]), its qulities ([[guna]]), and actions ([[karma]]). In diagnostics and drug selection, an understanding of samavaya becomes a crucial tool. A total of 23 patients of [[ama]] were studied. In this practical investigation, it was observed that [[ama]] symptoms are linked inseparably with poor digestion and metabolism (agnimandya). The light-to-digest (laghu), dry (ruksha), and hot (ushna) properties of the trial herb Pippalimula act on the [[ama]]. They are not present in placebo. Therefore pippalimula exhibited a substantial and better outcome in [[ama]] than placebo.<ref name=pippali/>
==Abbreviations==
Tk. = Takra, S.= Sangraha
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