Changes

===Relation with human being===

===Relation with human being===

The [[purusha]] holistic human being is formed by unification of panchamahabhuta and chetana (consciousness). [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 1/16]

The [[purusha]] holistic human being is formed by unification of panchamahabhuta and consciousness (chetana). [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 1/16]

===Properties of panchamahabhuta===

===Properties of panchamahabhuta===

! Mahabhuta !! Dominant inherent function !! Additional general functions due to fundamental composition

! Mahabhuta !! Dominant inherent function !! Additional general functions due to fundamental composition

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| | [[Akasha]] ||Shabda(sound)||-

| | [[Akasha]] ||Sound(shabda)||-

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| |[[Vayu]]||Sparsa (touch)||Shabda

| |[[Vayu]]||Touch (sparsa)||Sound(shabda)

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| |[[Agni]]||Roopa (vision)||Shabda ,Sparsha

| |[[Agni]]||Vision(rupa)||Sound(shabda),Touch (sparsa)

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| |[[Jala]]||Rasa (taste)|| Shabda ,Sparsha, Roopa

| |[[Jala]]||Taste (rasa)||Sound(shabda),Touch (sparsa),Vision(rupa)

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| |[[Prithvi]]||Gandha (smell)||Shabda ,Sparsha, Roopa, Rasa

| |[[Prithvi]]||Smell (Gandha)||Sound(shabda),Touch (sparsa),Vision(rupa),Taste (rasa)

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!Mahabhuta !! Characteristics

!Mahabhuta !! Characteristics

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| |[[Akasha]] || Apratighatata (free flow/unobstructability)

| |[[Akasha]] || Free flow/unobstructability (Apratighatata)

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| |[[Vayu]] || Chalatva (mobility)

| |[[Vayu]] || Mobility (Chalatva)

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| |[[Agni]] || Ushnatva (heat)

| |[[Agni]] || Heat (Ushnatva)

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| |[[Jala]] || Dravatva (liquidity)

| |[[Jala]] || Liquidity (Dravatva)

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| |[[Prithvi]] || Kharatva (roughness)

| |[[Prithvi]] || Roughness (Kharatva)

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===Influence of panchamahabhuta in embryogenesis===

===Influence of panchamahabhuta in embryogenesis===

Mahabhuta play basic functions during embryogenesis. After formation of garbha(foetus),  vayu performs function of vibhajana (cell division/multiplication); agni carries function of pachana(metabolism); jala carries function of kledana(moisture or fluid);prithvi carries function of samhanana(compactness or formation of mass); and akasha carries function of vivardhana(enlargement of size). If these functions are carried out in normal proportion, the normal structure of shareera (body) is formed [Su.Sa.Sha.5/3].

Mahabhuta play basic functions during embryogenesis. After formation of foetus(garbha),  vayu performs function of cell division/multiplication (vibhajana); agni carries function of metabolism(pachana); jala carries function of moisture or fluid(kledana); prithvi carries function of compactness or formation of mass(samhanana); and akasha carries function of enlargement of size(vivardhana). If these functions are carried out in normal proportion, the normal structure of body (shareera) is formed [Su.Sa.Sha.5/3].

In the third month of pregnancy, following body constituents are formed and relative functions begin from mahabhuta.[Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]].04/12]

In the third month of pregnancy, following body constituents are formed and relative functions begin from mahabhuta.[Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]].04/12]

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Based on this composition, mahabhuta play vital role in determining prakriti (basic constitution) of human being. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]].8/95] This principle is applied in therapeutics. In case of decrease in vatadosha in body, the regimen which increases [[vayu]] and [[akasha]] mahahuta is prescribed. Accordingly the regimens which increase corresponding doshas are prescribed.  

Based on this composition, mahabhuta play vital role in determining basic constitution (prakriti) of human being. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]].8/95] This principle is applied in therapeutics. In case of decrease in vatadosha in body, the regimen which increases [[vayu]] and [[akasha]] mahahuta is prescribed. Accordingly the regimens which increase corresponding doshas are prescribed.  

===Classification of marma (vital points) based on panchamahabhuta predominance===

===Classification of marma (vital points) based on panchamahabhuta predominance===

Apart from the therapeutic uses mentioned above, the medicines having dominance of specific mahabhuta are administered in therapeutic procedures. This corresponds to relevant properties and effect of mahabhuta [Su.Sa.Su.41/6-9].

Apart from the therapeutic uses mentioned above, the medicines having dominance of specific mahabhuta are administered in therapeutic procedures. This corresponds to relevant properties and effect of mahabhuta [Su.Sa.Su.41/6-9].

===In shodhana chikitsa(purification therapy)===

===In Purification therapy(shodhana chikitsa)===

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

!Treatment !! Bhuta predominance

!Treatment !! Bhuta predominance

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| |Vamana (emesis)drug || [[Agni]] and [[vayu]]

| |Emesis (Vamana)drug || [[Agni]] and [[vayu]]

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| |Virechana (purgation) drug || [[Prithvi]] and [[jala]]

| |Purgation (Virechana)drug || [[Prithvi]] and [[jala]]

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===In shamana chikitsa(pacification therapy)===

===In pacification therapy (shamana chikitsa)===

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

!Treatment !! Bhuta predominance

!Treatment !! Bhuta predominance

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| |Shamana (alleviation )drug || [[Akasha]]

| |Alleviation (Shamana)drug || [[Akasha]]

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| |Grahi drug || [[Vayu]]

| |Constipative (Grahi) drug || [[Vayu]]

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| | Deepana drug || [[Agni]]

| |Digestive stimulant (Deepana) drug || [[Agni]]

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| |Lekhana drug || [[Vayu]] and [[agni]]

| |Scarifiying (Lekhana) drug || [[Vayu]] and [[agni]]

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| |Brihmana drug || [[Prithvi]] and [[jala]]

| |Nurishing (Brihmana) drug || [[Prithvi]] and [[jala]]

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Panchamahabhuta theory is applied in the management of diseases. The panchabhautik constitution of basic causative factors and pathogenesis of disease is observed. Then the medicines having opposite panchabhautik constitutions are administered to restore equilibrium in the body.  

Panchamahabhuta theory is applied in the management of diseases. The panchabhautik constitution of basic causative factors and pathogenesis of disease is observed. Then the medicines having opposite panchabhautik constitutions are administered to restore equilibrium in the body.  

For example, in Jwara, Ama (undigested food) leads to vitiation of rasa dhatu (nutrient fluids). The digestion and metabolism are slowed down. Thus, [[prithvi]] and [[jala]] mahabhuta are increased and cause the disease state. The treatment of jwara includes langhana, swedana, pachana and medicines with tikta (bitter taste). The treatment has [[agni]], [[vayu]] and [[akasha]] dominancy. The herbs like musta (cyperus rotundus), shunthi (Zingiber officinale) having dominancy of the same mahabhuta are administered in the management. This can be applied in various other diseases too.<ref>Bhardwaj Vikas, Sharma Pankaj, and C. Sahana.  Panchamahabhuta Siddhanta and Chikitsa-A Bird’s Eye View. Ejbps, 2016; 3(11), 154-159.</ref> Thus panchamahabhuta theory is important in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

For example, in Jwara, undigested food (ama) leads to vitiation of nutrient fluids (rasa dhatu). The digestion and metabolism are slowed down. Thus, [[prithvi]] and [[jala]] mahabhuta are increased and cause the disease state. The treatment of jwara includes langhana, swedana, pachana and medicines with bitter taste (tikta). The treatment has [[agni]], [[vayu]] and [[akasha]] dominancy. The herbs like Cyperus rotundus(musta), Zingiber officinale(shunthi) having dominancy of the same mahabhuta are administered in the management. This can be applied in various other diseases too.<ref>Bhardwaj Vikas, Sharma Pankaj, and C. Sahana.  Panchamahabhuta Siddhanta and Chikitsa-A Bird’s Eye View. Ejbps, 2016; 3(11), 154-159.</ref> Thus panchamahabhuta theory is important in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

==Current researches==

==Current researches==

===Role of panchamahabhuta in creation of universe===

===Role of panchamahabhuta in creation of universe===

In addition to the correlation with five spins in quantum mechanics as mentioned above, the panchamahabhuta are important links in creation of universe. As per the science, the universe is evolved  from avyakta(unmanifest) through mahat(cosmic inltelligence) and  ahamkara(ego). Then the panchatanmatra (subtle forms of panchamahabhuta) are evolved from rajas dominant taijas and tamas dominant bhutadi ahamkara. The panchatanmatras are important links for knowledge that allows scientists a more detailed and quantifiable understanding of how consciousness gives rise to matter.<ref>Wallace Kieth, The Structure of Matter. Available from https://doshaguru.com/the-fundamental-structure-of-matter/ accessed on March 24, 2020.</ref>  

In addition to the correlation with five spins in quantum mechanics as mentioned above, the panchamahabhuta are important links in creation of universe. As per the science, the universe is evolved  from unmanifest(avyakta) through cosmic inltelligence(mahat) and  ego(ahamkara). Then the panchatanmatra (subtle forms of panchamahabhuta) are evolved from rajas dominant taijas and tamas dominant bhutadi ahamkara. The panchatanmatras are important links for knowledge that allows scientists a more detailed and quantifiable understanding of how consciousness gives rise to matter.<ref>Wallace Kieth, The Structure of Matter. Available from https://doshaguru.com/the-fundamental-structure-of-matter/ accessed on March 24, 2020.</ref>  

In this regard, the transformation process in the universe becomes a flow of energy.

In this regard, the transformation process in the universe becomes a flow of energy.

#Rao T. Srinivas(1970). Panchbhutik guna (A study w.s.r. to guru & laghu).

#Rao T. Srinivas(1970). Panchbhutik guna (A study w.s.r. to guru & laghu).

#Upendra D. Dixit (1995). Concept of Panchmahabhuta& it’s utility in Chikitsa .

#Upendra D. Dixit (1995). Concept of Panchmahabhuta & it’s utility in Chikitsa .

#Dr. Bishnupriya Mohanty (2004 Ph.D.) Biotransformation of Panchmahabhuta& it’s interpretation in terms of cell injury.

#Dr. Bishnupriya Mohanty (2004 Ph.D.) Biotransformation of Panchmahabhuta& it’s interpretation in terms of cell injury.

#NalageDilip H (2004).A study of Samskara & its role in alteration of Panch-bhutic composition of Dravya .

#NalageDilip H (2004).A study of Samskara & its role in alteration of Panch-bhutic composition of Dravya .