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→Components of satmya
It refers to the diet and lifestyle agreeable to natural constitution of the person. Certain regimen is inherently suitable to one’s natural constitution.For example, the food having sweet, sour and salty taste is inherently suitable for a person with vata dominant constitution, because these tastes naturally pacify vatadosha. All tastes are suitable for a person with balanced constitution involving equilibrium of all dosha. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/41]
It refers to the diet and lifestyle agreeable to natural constitution of the person. Certain regimen is inherently suitable to one’s natural constitution.For example, the food having sweet, sour and salty taste is inherently suitable for a person with vata dominant constitution, because these tastes naturally pacify vatadosha. All tastes are suitable for a person with balanced constitution involving equilibrium of all dosha. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/41]
*Desha satmya:
*Deshasatmya:
Desha satmya refers to suitability and adaptation in a particular geographical area.
Desha satmya refers to suitability and adaptation in a particular geographical area.
‘Desha denotes the geographic region relating to that substance(s), suitable to the area. The food items growing in a region inherently havehas specific properties. For example, those growing in arid area are light to digest and those in marshy area are heavy to digest. Likewise, the animals also possess qualities according to that region. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22(5)]
‘Desha denotes the geographic region relating to that substance(s), suitable to the area. The food items growing in a region inherently havehas specific properties. For example, those growing in arid area are light to digest and those in marshy area are heavy to digest. Likewise, the animals also possess qualities according to that region. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22(5)]
Ritusatmya refers tosuitability according to season. A person who understands the phenomenon of ritusatmya (seasonal adaptations in diet and lifestyle) and practices it, lives healthy and long life. Ritucharya (seasonal regimens) describes specific diet and lifestyle for ritusatmya. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/3]
Ritusatmya refers tosuitability according to season. A person who understands the phenomenon of ritusatmya (seasonal adaptations in diet and lifestyle) and practices it, lives healthy and long life. Ritucharya (seasonal regimens) describes specific diet and lifestyle for ritusatmya. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/3]
*Vyadhi satmya:
*Vyadhisatmya:
Vyadhi satmya refers to wholesome for or speciallyespecially effective in a particular disease condition.The regimen possesses specific qualities opposite to aggravated pathological factors of disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50] E.g. Yavagu(rice gruel) is effective in management of jwara(fever) [Cha.Sa.[[ChikitsaSthana]] 3/153]).
Vyadhi satmya refers to wholesome for or speciallyespecially effective in a particular disease condition.The regimen possesses specific qualities opposite to aggravated pathological factors of disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50] E.g. Yavagu(rice gruel) is effective in management of jwara(fever) [Cha.Sa.[[ChikitsaSthana]] 3/153]).
The other examples are milk in gulma, kshaudra(honey) in prameha, ghee in udavarta. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
The other examples are milk in gulma, kshaudra(honey) in prameha, ghee in udavarta. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Swabhavasatmyameans regimen specific to inherent nature of substance. Certain substances are said to be wholesome by their basic nature. For example, breast milk is mentioned as universal wholesome food for infants. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/109, 27/224]
Swabhavasatmyameans regimen specific to inherent nature of substance. Certain substances are said to be wholesome by their basic nature. For example, breast milk is mentioned as universal wholesome food for infants. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/109, 27/224]
The meat of animals living in their suitable habitat leads to nourishment. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 22/25]
The meat of animals living in their suitable habitat leads to nourishment. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 22/25]
*JatiSatmya:
*Jatisatmya:
Jatisatmya refers to suitability of a substance to a specific animal species. E.g. Shali (red rice) is suitable for human beings, grass is suitable for deer.<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Jatisatmya refers to suitability of a substance to a specific animal species. E.g. Shali (red rice) is suitable for human beings, grass is suitable for deer.<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Vayasatmya refers to suitability according to age. The therapeutic measures like agni karma (cauterization), kshara karma(application of alkali), strong emesis, purgation, pungent medicines are not suitable in old age and childhood. <ref>MurlidharPaliwal. The concept of Satmya in Ayurveda. UJAHM 2014, 02 (04): 16-19. Available from http://www.ujconline.net </ref>
Vayasatmya refers to suitability according to age. The therapeutic measures like agni karma (cauterization), kshara karma(application of alkali), strong emesis, purgation, pungent medicines are not suitable in old age and childhood. <ref>MurlidharPaliwal. The concept of Satmya in Ayurveda. UJAHM 2014, 02 (04): 16-19. Available from http://www.ujconline.net </ref>
*Oka Satmya:
*Okasatmya:
It refers to habituation developed by practice/spontaneous exposure.
It refers to habituation developed by practice/spontaneous exposure.
This is a very the most important concept of satmya having a wide range of therapeutic utility. It is an acquired type of satmya due to repeated or habitual use of a particular substance or following a particular regimen for a long time. By repeated use or spontaneous exposure in small quantity, the person gets adapted to a substance/ regimen. It may or may not be beneficial for health in general. But, for that particular person, it becomes suitable without causing any harmful effect. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
This is a very the most important concept of satmya having a wide range of therapeutic utility. It is an acquired type of satmya due to repeated or habitual use of a particular substance or following a particular regimen for a long time. By repeated use or spontaneous exposure in small quantity, the person gets adapted to a substance/ regimen. It may or may not be beneficial for health in general. But, for that particular person, it becomes suitable without causing any harmful effect. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Satmya diet in management of diseases:
Satmya diet in management of diseases:
Satmya diet considered highly important in management of following diseases:
Satmya diet considered highly important in management of following diseases:
*Jwara (fever) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 2/1/45, 153,156,319],
*Jwara (fever) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 2/1/45, 153,156,319]
*Rajayakshma (wasting disease) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 8/69],
*Rajayakshma (wasting disease) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 8/69]
*Kshataksheena (chest injury) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 11/94],
*Kshataksheena (chest injury) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 11/94]
*Shotha(swellings)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 12/20]
*Shotha(swellings)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 12/20]
*Pandu (anemia)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 16/76]
*Pandu (anemia)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 16/76]
Importance in health:
Importance in health:
• Satmya is one of the six factors along with maternal, paternal, psychological, spiritual and nutritional, which contribute to the origin and development of an organism. (Cha.Sa. [[ShariraSthana]] 3/14).
• Satmya is one of the six factors along with maternal, paternal, psychological, spiritual and nutritional, which contribute to the origin and development of an organism. (Cha.Sa. [[ShariraSthana]] 3/14).
• During the process of embryogenesis, satmya leads to ''arogya'' (the state of freedom from diseases), ''analasya'' (freedom from laziness),''alolupatva'' (freedom from greed), clarity of senses, excellence of voice, fertility and optimum libido. [Cha.Sa.[[ShariraSthana]] 3/11]. Suitable diet and lifestyle are ofutmost importancet for all humans, especially for expectant mother to have healthy child. Not following the regimen can result in a child prone to disease and congenital disorders.
• During the process of embryogenesis, satmya leads to ''arogya'' (the state of freedom from diseases), ''analasya'' (freedom from laziness),''alolupatva'' (freedom from greed), clarity of senses, excellence of voice, fertility and optimum libido. [Cha.Sa.[[ShariraSthana]] 3/11].
• Following suitable regimen is considered the best for development of [[purusha]] in [[agryasamgraha]]( group of best wholesome practices) (Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40)
Suitable diet and lifestyle are ofutmost importancet for all humans, especially for expectant mother to have healthy child. Not following the regimen can result in a child prone to disease and congenital disorders.
• Following suitable regimen is considered the best for development of [[purusha]] in [[agryasamgraha]]( group of best wholesome practices) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40]
• The strength or immunity of a person depends upon excellence of satmya (adaptability to various factors responsible for the maintenance of the body)[Cha.Sa.[[ShariraSthana]] 6/13]
• The strength or immunity of a person depends upon excellence of satmya (adaptability to various factors responsible for the maintenance of the body)[Cha.Sa.[[ShariraSthana]] 6/13]
*Status of health depends upon the inherent as well as acquired adaptations of an individual.
*Status of health depends upon the inherent as well as acquired adaptations of an individual.
*Diet and lifestyle opposite to the qualities of the habitat of the individual and of the causative factors of the diseases prevalent in the location will prevent the occurrence of diseases. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
*Diet and lifestyle opposite to the qualities of the habitat of the individual and of the causative factors of the diseases prevalent in the location will prevent the occurrence of diseases. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
Satmyaviruddha (antagonism of suitability) and its management:
If an individual consumes diet that he is not accustomed to, then it leads to incompatibility and causes disease. For example, consumption of sweet and cold substances by a person accustomed to pungent and hot is antagonism in terms of suitability. (Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/91)
If an individual consumes diet that he is not accustomed to, then it leads to incompatibility and causes disease. For example, consumption of sweet and cold substances by a person accustomed to pungent and hot is antagonism in terms of suitability. (Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/91)
The diseases caused due to this can be managed by therapeutic purgation, emesis, pacification or prior use of wholesome substance and rejuvenation therapy. The adverse effects can be neutralized by slow and spontaneous exposure of antagonistic substance in small quantity, enhancing digestive power, young age, unction therapy, physical exercise and enhancing strength. (Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/106)
The diseases caused due to this can be managed by therapeutic purgation, emesis, pacification or prior use of wholesome substance and rejuvenation therapy. The adverse effects can be neutralized by slow and spontaneous exposure of antagonistic substance in small quantity, enhancing digestive power, young age, unction therapy, physical exercise and enhancing strength. (Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/106)
===Current Researches===
===Current Researches===
The concept of satmya is applied in view of development of personalized medicine. Ayurnutrigenomics approaches personalized nutrition and therapeutics based upon a person’s genetic mark-up and nutritional suitability. This includes various aspects of satmya like prakriti satmya, deshasatmya, jatisatmya, ritusatmya as described above. <ref>Subhadip Banerjee et al, Ayurnutrigenomics: Ayurveda-inspired personalized nutrition from inception to evidence, Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 5 (2015) 228-233.</ref> Concept of satmyahas a huge scope of research in view of genetic suitability, adaptations and its utility in treatment. It is also applied to understand allergy and its etiopathogenesis.
The concept of satmya is applied in view of development of personalized medicine. Ayurnutrigenomics approaches personalized nutrition and therapeutics based upon a person’s genetic mark-up and nutritional suitability. This includes various aspects of satmya like prakriti satmya, deshasatmya, jatisatmya, ritusatmya as described above. <ref>Subhadip Banerjee et al, Ayurnutrigenomics: Ayurveda-inspired personalized nutrition from inception to evidence, Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 5 (2015) 228-233.</ref>
The concept of satmya has a huge scope of research in view of genetic suitability, adaptations and its utility in treatment. It is also applied to understand allergy and its etiopathogenesis.
Asatmya(unsuitable):
Asatmya(unsuitable):
असात्म्यार्थं दर्शयति- असात्म्यमित्यादि| सहेति मिलितं शरीरेण| आत्मताम् अविकृतरूपतां न याति; एतेन, यदुपयुक्तं प्राकृतरूपोपधातकं भवति, तदसात्म्यमिति||१२७||
असात्म्यार्थं दर्शयति- असात्म्यमित्यादि| सहेति मिलितं शरीरेण| आत्मताम् अविकृतरूपतां न याति; एतेन, यदुपयुक्तं प्राकृतरूपोपधातकं भवति, तदसात्म्यमिति||१२७||
A substance which is not conducive to the body is regarded as asatmya or unwholesome and which becomes responsible to provoke all the doshas. [Cha.Sa. [[ShariraSthana]] 1/127]
A substance which is not conducive to the body is regarded as asatmya or unwholesome and which becomes responsible to provoke all the doshas. [Cha.Sa. [[ShariraSthana]] 1/127]
Adverse effects of asatmya:
Adverse effects of asatmya:
Asatmyaindriyarthasamyoga (contact of sense and motor organs with unsuitable objects) is one the three fundamental causes of disease. Asatmyasevana (adopting unwholesome regimen) especially in terms of diet is causative factor for a number of diseases as below.
Asatmyaindriyarthasamyoga (contact of sense and motor organs with unsuitable objects) is one the three fundamental causes of disease. Asatmyasevana (adopting unwholesome regimen) especially in terms of diet is causative factor for a number of diseases as below.
Role of asatmya in disease:
Role of asatmya in disease:
• Unsuitable diet is listed among causative factors of following diseases:
• Unsuitable diet is listed among causative factors of following diseases: