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→Components of satmya
== Components of satmya ==
== Components of satmya ==
Satmya is one of the important assessment parameters in examination of patient. It differs according to desha(geographical region), kala(season), vyadhi (disease), prakriti(naturalconstitution), swabhava (inherent nature) and abhyasa(repeated use).[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/5]For understanding and application in the field of health care, following are the components of satmya.
Satmya is one of the important assessment parameters in examination of patient. It differs according to desha(geographical region), kala(season), vyadhi (disease), prakriti(naturalconstitution), swabhava (inherent nature) and abhyasa(repeated use).[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/5]
For understanding and application in the field of health care, following are the components of satmya.
*Prakritisatmya:
*Prakritisatmya:
*Desha satmya:
*Desha satmya:
Desha satmya refers to suitability and adaptation in a particular geographical area.
Desha satmya refers to suitability and adaptation in a particular geographical area.
‘Desha denotes the geographic region relating to that substance(s), suitable to the area. The food items growing in a region inherently havehas specific properties. For example, those growing in arid area are light to digest and those in marshy area are heavy to digest. Likewise, the animals also possess qualities according to that region. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22(5)] The diet and lifestyle having opposite qualities to those of region are considered suitable for preservation health of people living in that area. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
‘Desha denotes the geographic region relating to that substance(s), suitable to the area. The food items growing in a region inherently havehas specific properties. For example, those growing in arid area are light to digest and those in marshy area are heavy to digest. Likewise, the animals also possess qualities according to that region. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22(5)]
The diet and lifestyle having opposite qualities to those of region are considered suitable for preservation health of people living in that area. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
It is observed that people living in a particular geographical area adopt a specific diet and regimens. It may be because of the availability of substances and suitability to that particular environment in that specific area. Any unwholesome food substance to which a person is habituated should not be withdrawn abruptly.
It is observed that people living in a particular geographical area adopt a specific diet and regimens. It may be because of the availability of substances and suitability to that particular environment in that specific area. Any unwholesome food substance to which a person is habituated should not be withdrawn abruptly.
Following are examples of deshasatmya:
Following are examples of deshasatmya:
• Balhika (present day Afghanisthan) people are habituated to the intake of mamsa (meat), godhuma(wheat), madhvika ( alcoholic beverages), and they are indicated for Shastrakarma (surgery) and Agnikarma (cauterization).
• Balhika (present day Afghanisthan) people are habituated to the intake of mamsa (meat), godhuma(wheat), madhvika ( alcoholic beverages), and they are indicated for Shastrakarma (surgery) and Agnikarma (cauterization).
*Vyadhi satmya:
*Vyadhi satmya:
Vyadhi satmya refers to wholesome for or speciallyespecially effective in a particular disease condition.The regimen possesses specific qualities opposite to aggravated pathological factors of disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50] E.g. Yavagu(rice gruel) is effective in management of jwara(fever) [Cha.Sa.[[ChikitsaSthana]] 3/153]). The other examples are milk in gulma, kshaudra(honey) in prameha, ghee in udavarta. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Vyadhi satmya refers to wholesome for or speciallyespecially effective in a particular disease condition.The regimen possesses specific qualities opposite to aggravated pathological factors of disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50] E.g. Yavagu(rice gruel) is effective in management of jwara(fever) [Cha.Sa.[[ChikitsaSthana]] 3/153]).
The other examples are milk in gulma, kshaudra(honey) in prameha, ghee in udavarta. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
*Swabhavasatmya:
*Swabhavasatmya:
Swabhavasatmyameans regimen specific to inherent nature of substance. Certain substances are said to be wholesome by their basic nature. For example, breast milk is mentioned as universal wholesome food for infants. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/109, 27/224] The meat of animals living in their suitable habitat leads to nourishment. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 22/25]
Swabhavasatmyameans regimen specific to inherent nature of substance. Certain substances are said to be wholesome by their basic nature. For example, breast milk is mentioned as universal wholesome food for infants. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/109, 27/224]
The meat of animals living in their suitable habitat leads to nourishment. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 22/25]
*JatiSatmya:
*JatiSatmya:
Jatisatmya refers to suitability of a substance to a specific animal species. E.g. Shali (red rice) is suitable for human beings, grass is suitable for deer.<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Jatisatmya refers to suitability of a substance to a specific animal species. E.g. Shali (red rice) is suitable for human beings, grass is suitable for deer.<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
*Vayasatmya:
*Vayasatmya:
Vayasatmya refers to suitability according to age. The therapeutic measures like agni karma (cauterization), kshara karma(application of alkali), strong emesis, purgation, pungent medicines are not suitable in old age and childhood. <ref>MurlidharPaliwal. The concept of Satmya in Ayurveda. UJAHM 2014, 02 (04): 16-19. Available from http://www.ujconline.net </ref>
Vayasatmya refers to suitability according to age. The therapeutic measures like agni karma (cauterization), kshara karma(application of alkali), strong emesis, purgation, pungent medicines are not suitable in old age and childhood. <ref>MurlidharPaliwal. The concept of Satmya in Ayurveda. UJAHM 2014, 02 (04): 16-19. Available from http://www.ujconline.net </ref>
*Oka Satmya:
*Oka Satmya:
It refers to habituation developed by practice/spontaneous exposure.
It refers to habituation developed by practice/spontaneous exposure.
This is a very the most important concept of satmya having a wide range of therapeutic utility. It is an acquired type of satmya due to repeated or habitual use of a particular substance or following a particular regimen for a long time. By repeated use or spontaneous exposure in small quantity, the person gets adapted to a substance/ regimen. It may or may not be beneficial for health in general. But, for that particular person, it becomes suitable without causing any harmful effect. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
This is a very the most important concept of satmya having a wide range of therapeutic utility. It is an acquired type of satmya due to repeated or habitual use of a particular substance or following a particular regimen for a long time. By repeated use or spontaneous exposure in small quantity, the person gets adapted to a substance/ regimen. It may or may not be beneficial for health in general. But, for that particular person, it becomes suitable without causing any harmful effect. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Oka satmya depends upon the upayokta(consumer). It is one of the important components of diet. Pathya(wholesome) and apathya(unwholesome) highly depend upon okasatmya of an individual. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22]
Oka satmya depends upon the upayokta(consumer). It is one of the important components of diet. Pathya(wholesome) and apathya(unwholesome) highly depend upon okasatmya of an individual. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22]
• The rasayana (rejuvenatiotherapes) should be administered after appropriate consideration of age, constitution and suitability. [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 1/1/25-28]
• The rasayana (rejuvenatiotherapes) should be administered after appropriate consideration of age, constitution and suitability. [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 1/1/25-28]
• Satmya diet is advised to achieve maximum benefits of rasayana therapies [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 1/2/8,18; 1/3/18] and vajikarana therapies. [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 2/1/45]
• Satmya diet is advised to achieve maximum benefits of rasayana therapies [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 1/2/8,18; 1/3/18] and vajikarana therapies. [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 2/1/45]
Satmya diet in management of diseases:
Satmya diet in management of diseases:
Satmya diet considered highly important in management of following diseases:
Satmya diet considered highly important in management of following diseases:
• Unsuitable odour causes Jwara [Cha.Sa. [[NidanaSthana]] 1/28]
• Unsuitable odour causes Jwara [Cha.Sa. [[NidanaSthana]] 1/28]
• The polluted air has unwholesome odour and can cause epidemic diseases.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 3/6]
• The polluted air has unwholesome odour and can cause epidemic diseases.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 3/6]
It is important to know the unsuitable factors causing disease.
It is important to know the unsuitable factors causing disease.
== References in [[Charak Samhita]] ==
== References in [[Charak Samhita]] ==
In Charak Samhita, the term satmya appears 83 times in original verses and 64 times in commentary by Chakrapani. The contextual meanings and application & categorization of the term with references are listed in table 1 and table 2 and are described below.
In Charak Samhita, the term satmya appears 83 times in original verses and 64 times in commentary by Chakrapani. The contextual meanings and application & categorization of the term with references are listed in table 1 and table 2 and are described below.