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{{#seo:
|title=Swedadhyaya
|titlemode=append
|keywords=Avagaha sweda, fomentation, jentaka sweda, nadi sweda, niragni sweda, ushma sweda, pottali sweda, ruksha sweda, sagni sweda, sankara sweda, samyak swinna lakshana, snigdha sweda, sudation swedana, swedatiyoga, swedayoga, trayodasha sweda, upanaha sweda, fomentation, heat, sudation therapy, hydrosis
|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 14. Sudation Therapies, This chapter deals with sudation (Swedana) therapy, essentially followed after oleation therapy. Swedana (sudation) is a process in which the individual is subjected to therapeutic sweating. It is considered an essential prerequisite to Panchakarma (purification therapy involving five procedures) in Ayurveda
}}
<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 14. Sudation Therapies '''</big>
<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 14. Sudation Therapies '''</big>
===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===
===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
अथातः स्वेदाध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
अथातः स्वेदाध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
athātaḥ svēdādhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
athātaḥ svēdādhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
</div></div>
Now we shall expound the chapter on sudation. Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
Now we shall expound the chapter on sudation. Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
==== Importance of ''swedana'' ====
==== Importance of ''swedana'' ====
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
अतः स्वेदाः प्रवक्ष्यन्ते यैर्यथावत्प्रयोजितैः|
अतः स्वेदाः प्रवक्ष्यन्ते यैर्यथावत्प्रयोजितैः|
शुष्काण्यपि हि काष्ठानि स्नेहस्वेदोपपादनैः|
शुष्काण्यपि हि काष्ठानि स्नेहस्वेदोपपादनैः|
नमयन्ति यथान्यायं किं पुनर्जीवतो नरान्||५||
नमयन्ति यथान्यायं किं पुनर्जीवतो नरान्||५||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
ataḥ svēdāḥ pravakṣyantē yairyathāvatprayōjitaiḥ|
ataḥ svēdāḥ pravakṣyantē yairyathāvatprayōjitaiḥ|
shuShkANyapi hi kAShThAni snehasvedopapAdanaiH|
shuShkANyapi hi kAShThAni snehasvedopapAdanaiH|
namayanti yathAnyAyaM kiM punarjIvato narAn||5||
namayanti yathAnyAyaM kiM punarjIvato narAn||5||
</div></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Now the various techniques of sudation will be explained. A well administered sudation cures various disorders of ''vata'' and ''kapha'' origin, provided they have been identified among a set of diseases that are curable by inducing sweat. Administering sudation, especially after oleation, controls ''vata'' and prevents clogging of feces, urine as well as semen. If oleation and sudation could soften dried out timber, then why not a human being? [3-5]
Now the various techniques of sudation will be explained. A well administered sudation cures various disorders of ''vata'' and ''kapha'' origin, provided they have been identified among a set of diseases that are curable by inducing sweat. Administering sudation, especially after oleation, controls ''vata'' and prevents clogging of feces, urine as well as semen. If oleation and sudation could soften dried out timber, then why not a human being? [3-5]
==== Scope of ''Swedana'' ====
==== Scope of ''Swedana'' ====
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
रोगर्तुव्याधितापेक्षो नात्युष्णोऽतिमृदुर्न च|
रोगर्तुव्याधितापेक्षो नात्युष्णोऽतिमृदुर्न च|
द्रव्यवान् कल्पितो देशे स्वेदः कार्यकरो मतः||६||
द्रव्यवान् कल्पितो देशे स्वेदः कार्यकरो मतः||६||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
rōgartuvyādhitāpēkṣō nātyuṣṇō'timr̥durna ca|
rōgartuvyādhitāpēkṣō nātyuṣṇō'timr̥durna ca|
rogartuvyAdhitApekSho nAtyuShNo~atimRudurna ca|
rogartuvyAdhitApekSho nAtyuShNo~atimRudurna ca|
dravyavAn kalpito deshe svedaH kAryakaro mataH||6||
dravyavAn kalpito deshe svedaH kAryakaro mataH||6||
</div></div>
Sudation that is neither too hot (and unbearable) nor too mild (and insufficient), administered with suitable drugs and applied as per the disease condition, season and the diseased person in specific, at the affected and the indicated body part, is indeed effective. [6]
Sudation that is neither too hot (and unbearable) nor too mild (and insufficient), administered with suitable drugs and applied as per the disease condition, season and the diseased person in specific, at the affected and the indicated body part, is indeed effective. [6]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
व्याधौ शीते शरीरे च महान् स्वेदो महाबले|
व्याधौ शीते शरीरे च महान् स्वेदो महाबले|
वातश्लेष्मणि वाते वा कफे वा स्वेद इष्यते|
वातश्लेष्मणि वाते वा कफे वा स्वेद इष्यते|
स्निग्धरूक्षस्तथा स्निग्धो रूक्षश्चाप्युपकल्पितः||८||
स्निग्धरूक्षस्तथा स्निग्धो रूक्षश्चाप्युपकल्पितः||८||
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vyādhau śītē śarīrē ca mahān svēdō mahābalē|
vyādhau śītē śarīrē ca mahān svēdō mahābalē|
vAtashleShmaNi vAte vA kaphe vA sveda iShyate|
vAtashleShmaNi vAte vA kaphe vA sveda iShyate|
snigdharUkShastathA snigdho rUkShashcApyupakalpitaH||8||
snigdharUkShastathA snigdho rUkShashcApyupakalpitaH||8||
</div></div>
Strong fomentation is indicated in a physically strong patient with severe illness in an extreme cold climate. In a weak person, mild fomentation and in a moderately strong patient, moderate fomentation is preferred. In ''vatakapha, vata'' or ''kapha''-dominant, sudation technique is to be applied with the help of unctuous and dry agents, only unctuous agents or only dry agents respectively. [7-8]
Strong fomentation is indicated in a physically strong patient with severe illness in an extreme cold climate. In a weak person, mild fomentation and in a moderately strong patient, moderate fomentation is preferred. In ''vatakapha, vata'' or ''kapha''-dominant, sudation technique is to be applied with the help of unctuous and dry agents, only unctuous agents or only dry agents respectively. [7-8]
==== Mode of ''swedana'' as per site of ''dosha'' ====
==== Mode of ''swedana'' as per site of ''dosha'' ====
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
आमाशयगते वाते कफे पक्वाशयाश्रिते|
आमाशयगते वाते कफे पक्वाशयाश्रिते|
रूक्षपूर्वो हितः स्वेदः स्नेहपूर्वस्तथैव च||९||
रूक्षपूर्वो हितः स्वेदः स्नेहपूर्वस्तथैव च||९||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
āmāśayagatē vātē kaphē pakvāśayāśritē|
āmāśayagatē vātē kaphē pakvāśayāśritē|
AmAshayagate vAte kaphe pakvAshayAshrite|
AmAshayagate vAte kaphe pakvAshayAshrite|
rUkShapUrvo hitaH svedaH snehapUrvastathaiva ca||9||
rUkShapUrvo hitaH svedaH snehapUrvastathaiva ca||9||
</div></div>
When ''vata'' is located at the site of ''ama'' (''amashaya'' or stomach), sudation is administered with dry agents and when ''kapha'' is located in the site of ''pakva'' (''pakwashaya'',or colon) , sudation is initiated with unctuous agents. [9]
When ''vata'' is located at the site of ''ama'' (''amashaya'' or stomach), sudation is administered with dry agents and when ''kapha'' is located in the site of ''pakva'' (''pakwashaya'',or colon) , sudation is initiated with unctuous agents. [9]
==== Sensitive body parts for ''swedana'' ====
==== Sensitive body parts for ''swedana'' ====
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
वृषणौ हृदयं दृष्टी स्वेदयेन्मृदु नैव वा|
वृषणौ हृदयं दृष्टी स्वेदयेन्मृदु नैव वा|
मध्यमं वङ्क्षणौ शेषमङ्गावयवमिष्टतः||१०||
मध्यमं वङ्क्षणौ शेषमङ्गावयवमिष्टतः||१०||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
vr̥ṣaṇau hr̥dayaṁ dr̥ṣṭī svēdayēnmr̥du naiva vā|
vr̥ṣaṇau hr̥dayaṁ dr̥ṣṭī svēdayēnmr̥du naiva vā|
vRuShaNau hRudayaM dRuShTI svedayenmRudu naiva vA|
vRuShaNau hRudayaM dRuShTI svedayenmRudu naiva vA|
madhyamaM va~gkShaNau sheShama~ggAvayavamiShTataH||10||
madhyamaM va~gkShaNau sheShama~ggAvayavamiShTataH||10||
</div></div>
In the sensitive areas of testicles, precordium and eyes, sudation is not done or done very gently. Moderate sudation may be applied in the area of groins. In other parts of the body, sudation is done as desired. [10]
In the sensitive areas of testicles, precordium and eyes, sudation is not done or done very gently. Moderate sudation may be applied in the area of groins. In other parts of the body, sudation is done as desired. [10]
==== Pre-sudation care ====
==== Pre-sudation care ====
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
सुशुद्धैर्नक्तकैः पिण्ड्या गोधूमानामथापि वा|
सुशुद्धैर्नक्तकैः पिण्ड्या गोधूमानामथापि वा|
पद्मोत्पलपलाशैर्वा स्वेद्यः संवृत्य चक्षुषी||११||
पद्मोत्पलपलाशैर्वा स्वेद्यः संवृत्य चक्षुषी||११||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Suśuddhairnaktakaiḥ piṇḍyā gōdhūmānāmathāpi vā|
Suśuddhairnaktakaiḥ piṇḍyā gōdhūmānāmathāpi vā|
sushuddhairnaktakaiH piNDyA godhUmAnAmathApi vA|
sushuddhairnaktakaiH piNDyA godhUmAnAmathApi vA|
padmotpalapalAshairvA svedyaH saMvRutya cakShuShI||11||
padmotpalapalAshairvA svedyaH saMvRutya cakShuShI||11||
</div></div>
Before starting sudation, eyes should be closed and covered with very clean cloth or bolus of wet wheat powder or petals of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) or white lotus (Nymphaea alba). [11]
Before starting sudation, eyes should be closed and covered with very clean cloth or bolus of wet wheat powder or petals of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) or white lotus (Nymphaea alba). [11]
==== Care during sudation therapy ====
==== Care during sudation therapy ====
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
मुक्तावलीभिः शीताभिः शीतलैर्भाजनैरपि|
मुक्तावलीभिः शीताभिः शीतलैर्भाजनैरपि|
जलार्द्रैर्जलजैर्हस्तैः स्विद्यतो हृदयं स्पृशेत्||१२||
जलार्द्रैर्जलजैर्हस्तैः स्विद्यतो हृदयं स्पृशेत्||१२||
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muktāvalībhiḥ śītābhiḥ śītalairbhājanairapi|
muktāvalībhiḥ śītābhiḥ śītalairbhājanairapi|
muktAvalIbhiH shItAbhiH shItalairbhAjanairapi|
muktAvalIbhiH shItAbhiH shItalairbhAjanairapi|
jalArdrairjalajairhastaiH svidyato hRudayaM spRushet||12||
jalArdrairjalajairhastaiH svidyato hRudayaM spRushet||12||
</div></div>
While sudation is being administered, the precordial region should be frequently touched with a string of cool pearls or cold vessels or wet lotuses or even with wet hands. [12]
While sudation is being administered, the precordial region should be frequently touched with a string of cool pearls or cold vessels or wet lotuses or even with wet hands. [12]
==== Indications for stopping sudation ====
==== Indications for stopping sudation ====
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
शीतशूलव्युपरमे स्तम्भगौरवनिग्रहे|
शीतशूलव्युपरमे स्तम्भगौरवनिग्रहे|
सञ्जाते मार्दवे स्वेदे स्वेदनाद्विरतिर्मता||१३||
सञ्जाते मार्दवे स्वेदे स्वेदनाद्विरतिर्मता||१३||
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śītaśūlavyuparamē stambhagauravanigrahē|
śītaśūlavyuparamē stambhagauravanigrahē|
shItashUlavyuparame stambhagauravanigrahe|
shItashUlavyuparame stambhagauravanigrahe|
sa~jjAte mArdave svede svedanAdviratirmatA||13||
sa~jjAte mArdave svede svedanAdviratirmatA||13||
</div></div>
It is indicated that sudation procedure should be stopped when the patient is relieved from feeling cold, pain, stiffness, heaviness and feels softness in the body. [13]
It is indicated that sudation procedure should be stopped when the patient is relieved from feeling cold, pain, stiffness, heaviness and feels softness in the body. [13]
==== Signs of over-sudation and its treatment ====
==== Signs of over-sudation and its treatment ====
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पित्तप्रकोपो मूर्च्छा च शरीरसदनं तृषा|
पित्तप्रकोपो मूर्च्छा च शरीरसदनं तृषा|
उक्तस्तस्याशितीये यो ग्रैष्मिकः सर्वशो विधिः|
उक्तस्तस्याशितीये यो ग्रैष्मिकः सर्वशो विधिः|
सोऽतिस्विन्नस्य कर्तव्यो मधुरः स्निग्धशीतलः||१५||
सोऽतिस्विन्नस्य कर्तव्यो मधुरः स्निग्धशीतलः||१५||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
pittaprakōpō mūrcchā ca śarīrasadanaṁ tr̥ṣā|
pittaprakōpō mūrcchā ca śarīrasadanaṁ tr̥ṣā|
kaShAyamadyanityAnAM garbhiNyA raktapittinAm|
kaShAyamadyanityAnAM garbhiNyA raktapittinAm|
</div></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
The symptoms of oversudation include aggravation of ''pitta'', fainting, generalized fatigue, thirst, burning sensation, low or weak voice, and weakness of limbs. In oversudation the entire regimen explained for summer season in [[Tasyashiteeya]] chapter, and consuming food articles that are sweet, unctuous and cool is to be followed. [14-15]
The symptoms of oversudation include aggravation of ''pitta'', fainting, generalized fatigue, thirst, burning sensation, low or weak voice, and weakness of limbs. In oversudation the entire regimen explained for summer season in [[Tasyashiteeya]] chapter, and consuming food articles that are sweet, unctuous and cool is to be followed. [14-15]
==== Contra-indications of ''swedana'' ====
==== Contra-indications of ''swedana'' ====
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
कषायमद्यनित्यानां गर्भिण्या रक्तपित्तिनाम्|
कषायमद्यनित्यानां गर्भिण्या रक्तपित्तिनाम्|
दुर्बलातिविशुष्काणामुपक्षीणौजसां तथा|
दुर्बलातिविशुष्काणामुपक्षीणौजसां तथा|
भिषक् तैमिरिकाणां च न स्वेदमवतारयेत्||१९||
भिषक् तैमिरिकाणां च न स्वेदमवतारयेत्||१९||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
kaṣāyamadyanityānāṁ garbhiṇyā raktapittinām|
kaṣāyamadyanityānāṁ garbhiṇyā raktapittinām|
durbalAtivishuShkANAmupakShINaujasAM tathA|
durbalAtivishuShkANAmupakShINaujasAM tathA|
bhiShak taimirikANAM ca na svedamavatArayet||19||
bhiShak taimirikANAM ca na svedamavatArayet||19||
</div></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
The physician should be aware that sudation is contraindicated in those who regularly consume astringents and alcohol, in pregnant women, persons with bleeding disorders, individuals with ''pitta'' predominance, those who are suffering from diarrhoea and sicca, patients with diabetes mellitus, inflamed colon, prolapsed rectum, in toxic conditions, fatigued, unconscious, obese, ''pitta''-predominant diabetics, individuals having thirst, hunger, anger, depression, jaundice, ascitis, injured, rheumatoid diseases, weakness, extremely emaciated, highly immune compromised and those who often suffer from blackouts. [16-19]
The physician should be aware that sudation is contraindicated in those who regularly consume astringents and alcohol, in pregnant women, persons with bleeding disorders, individuals with ''pitta'' predominance, those who are suffering from diarrhoea and sicca, patients with diabetes mellitus, inflamed colon, prolapsed rectum, in toxic conditions, fatigued, unconscious, obese, ''pitta''-predominant diabetics, individuals having thirst, hunger, anger, depression, jaundice, ascitis, injured, rheumatoid diseases, weakness, extremely emaciated, highly immune compromised and those who often suffer from blackouts. [16-19]
==== Indications of ''swedana'' ====
==== Indications of ''swedana'' ====
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प्रतिश्याये च कासे च हिक्काश्वासेष्वलाघवे|
प्रतिश्याये च कासे च हिक्काश्वासेष्वलाघवे|
सङ्कोचायामशूलेषु स्तम्भगौरवसुप्तिषु |
सङ्कोचायामशूलेषु स्तम्भगौरवसुप्तिषु |
सर्वाङ्गेषु विकारेषु स्वेदनं हितमुच्यते||२४||
सर्वाङ्गेषु विकारेषु स्वेदनं हितमुच्यते||२४||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
pratiśyāyē ca kāsē ca hikkāśvāsēṣvalāghavē|
pratiśyāyē ca kāsē ca hikkāśvāsēṣvalāghavē|
sa~gkocAyAmashUleShu stambhagauravasuptiShu |
sa~gkocAyAmashUleShu stambhagauravasuptiShu |
sarvA~ggeShu vikAreShu svedanaM hitamucyate||24||
sarvA~ggeShu vikAreShu svedanaM hitamucyate||24||
</div></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
It is said that ''swedana'' is useful in rhinitis, cough, hiccups, breathing difficulties, heaviness of body, earache, headache, cervical pain, hoarseness of voice, choking sensation of throat, facial palsy, monoplegia, quadriplegia, hemiplegia, prostrated postures, abdominal flatulence, constipation, urinary retention, excessive yawning, stiffness of flanks, dorsum, lumbar and abdomen, sciatica, dysuria, scrotal enlargement, body ache, pain and stiffness of dorsum of foot, knee, thigh and calf, edema, severely painful radiculopathy, indigestion, chills and shivering, subluxation of ankle, contractures, convulsions, colicky pains, stiffness, heaviness and numbness, and such disorders anywhere in the body. [20-24]
It is said that ''swedana'' is useful in rhinitis, cough, hiccups, breathing difficulties, heaviness of body, earache, headache, cervical pain, hoarseness of voice, choking sensation of throat, facial palsy, monoplegia, quadriplegia, hemiplegia, prostrated postures, abdominal flatulence, constipation, urinary retention, excessive yawning, stiffness of flanks, dorsum, lumbar and abdomen, sciatica, dysuria, scrotal enlargement, body ache, pain and stiffness of dorsum of foot, knee, thigh and calf, edema, severely painful radiculopathy, indigestion, chills and shivering, subluxation of ankle, contractures, convulsions, colicky pains, stiffness, heaviness and numbness, and such disorders anywhere in the body. [20-24]
==== ''Swedana dravya'' (material for sudation) ====
==== ''Swedana dravya'' (material for sudation) ====
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तिलमाषकुलत्थाम्लघृततैलामिषौदनैः|
तिलमाषकुलत्थाम्लघृततैलामिषौदनैः|
श्लैष्मिकान् स्वेदयेत् पूर्वैर्वातिकान् समुपाचरेत्|
श्लैष्मिकान् स्वेदयेत् पूर्वैर्वातिकान् समुपाचरेत्|
द्रव्याण्येतानि शस्यन्ते यथास्वं प्रस्तरेष्वपि||२७||
द्रव्याण्येतानि शस्यन्ते यथास्वं प्रस्तरेष्वपि||२७||
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tilamāṣakulatthāmlaghr̥tatailāmiṣaudanaiḥ|
tilamāṣakulatthāmlaghr̥tatailāmiṣaudanaiḥ|
shlaiShmikAn svedayet pUrvairvAtikAn samupAcaret|
shlaiShmikAn svedayet pUrvairvAtikAn samupAcaret|
dravyANyetAni shasyante yathAsvaM prastareShvapi||27||
dravyANyetAni shasyante yathAsvaM prastareShvapi||27||
</div></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Fomentation bolus prepared with ''tila'' (Sesamum indicum Linn.), ''masha'' (Phaseolus radiates Linn.), ''kulatha'' (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), sour preparations, ''ghee'', oil, meat, boiled rice (''odana''), sweet porridge (''payasa)'', boiled mixture of cereals and legumes (''krishara'') and flesh, feces of cow, ass, camel, pig and horse along with barley grains with chaff, sand, dust, stone, dried cow dung and iron powder is effective for fomentation in the cases of ''kapha'' and ''vata'' related diseases. These articles may also be used for fomentation using a hot stone (''prastara sweda''). [25- 27]
Fomentation bolus prepared with ''tila'' (Sesamum indicum Linn.), ''masha'' (Phaseolus radiates Linn.), ''kulatha'' (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), sour preparations, ''ghee'', oil, meat, boiled rice (''odana''), sweet porridge (''payasa)'', boiled mixture of cereals and legumes (''krishara'') and flesh, feces of cow, ass, camel, pig and horse along with barley grains with chaff, sand, dust, stone, dried cow dung and iron powder is effective for fomentation in the cases of ''kapha'' and ''vata'' related diseases. These articles may also be used for fomentation using a hot stone (''prastara sweda''). [25- 27]
==== Preparation for comfortable sudation ====
==== Preparation for comfortable sudation ====
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भूगृहेषु च जेन्ताकेषूष्णगर्भगृहेषु च|
भूगृहेषु च जेन्ताकेषूष्णगर्भगृहेषु च|
विधूमाङ्गारतप्तेषु स्वभ्यक्तः स्विद्यते सुखम्||२८||
विधूमाङ्गारतप्तेषु स्वभ्यक्तः स्विद्यते सुखम्||२८||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
bhūgr̥hēṣu ca jēntākēṣūṣṇagarbhagr̥hēṣu ca|
bhūgr̥hēṣu ca jēntākēṣūṣṇagarbhagr̥hēṣu ca|
bhUgRuheShu ca jentAkeShUShNagarbhagRuheShu ca|
bhUgRuheShu ca jentAkeShUShNagarbhagRuheShu ca|
vidhUmA~ggAratapteShu svabhyaktaH svidyate sukham||28||
vidhUmA~ggAratapteShu svabhyaktaH svidyate sukham||28||
</div></div>
To get a comfortable sudation experience, the patient should have oil applied to his body and then exposed to some heat in an underground cellar (''jentaka'') type room, or a warm enclosed room that is heated with firebrands and is devoid of smoke. [28]
To get a comfortable sudation experience, the patient should have oil applied to his body and then exposed to some heat in an underground cellar (''jentaka'') type room, or a warm enclosed room that is heated with firebrands and is devoid of smoke. [28]
==== Decoctions for ''nadi sweda'' (tubular fomentation) ====
==== Decoctions for ''nadi sweda'' (tubular fomentation) ====
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ग्राम्यानूपौदकं मांसं पयो बस्तशिरस्तथा|
ग्राम्यानूपौदकं मांसं पयो बस्तशिरस्तथा|
भूतीकपञ्चमूलाभ्यां सुरया दधिमस्तुना|
भूतीकपञ्चमूलाभ्यां सुरया दधिमस्तुना|
मूत्रैरम्लैश्च सस्नेहैर्नाडीस्वेदं प्रयोजयेत्||३३||
मूत्रैरम्लैश्च सस्नेहैर्नाडीस्वेदं प्रयोजयेत्||३३||
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grāmyānūpaudakaṁ māṁsaṁ payō bastaśirastathā|
grāmyānūpaudakaṁ māṁsaṁ payō bastaśirastathā|
bhUtIkapa~jcamUlAbhyAM surayA dadhimastunA|
bhUtIkapa~jcamUlAbhyAM surayA dadhimastunA|
mUtrairamlaishca sasnehairnADIsvedaM prayojayet||33||
mUtrairamlaishca sasnehairnADIsvedaM prayojayet||33||
</div></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Proper decoctions may be prepared out of flesh of domesticated, marshy or aquatic animals, milk, head of goat, blood, bile and flesh of pig, unctuous substances like sesame seeds and cereals, and tubular fomentation may be applied appropriately by an expert physician, considering variations in geography and season. Tubular fomentation can also be done with decoctions of leaves of ''varuna'' (Crataeva religiosa Forst.), ''amritaka'' (Tinospora cordifolia), ''eranda'' (Ricinus communis), ''shigru'' (Moringa oleifera), ''mulaka'' (Raphanus sativus), ''sarshapa'' (Brassica nigra), ''vasa'' (Adathoda vasica), ''vamsha'' (Bambusa arundinacea), ''karanja'' (Pongamia pinnata), ''arka'' (Calotropis gigantea), ''ashmantaka'' (Bauhinia racemosa), ''sobhanjana'' (variety of ''shigru''), ''saireya'' (Barleria prionitis), ''malati'' (Jasminum grandiflorum), ''surasa'' (Ocimum sanctum), and ''arjaka'' (Ocimum gratissimum). [29-33]
Proper decoctions may be prepared out of flesh of domesticated, marshy or aquatic animals, milk, head of goat, blood, bile and flesh of pig, unctuous substances like sesame seeds and cereals, and tubular fomentation may be applied appropriately by an expert physician, considering variations in geography and season. Tubular fomentation can also be done with decoctions of leaves of ''varuna'' (Crataeva religiosa Forst.), ''amritaka'' (Tinospora cordifolia), ''eranda'' (Ricinus communis), ''shigru'' (Moringa oleifera), ''mulaka'' (Raphanus sativus), ''sarshapa'' (Brassica nigra), ''vasa'' (Adathoda vasica), ''vamsha'' (Bambusa arundinacea), ''karanja'' (Pongamia pinnata), ''arka'' (Calotropis gigantea), ''ashmantaka'' (Bauhinia racemosa), ''sobhanjana'' (variety of ''shigru''), ''saireya'' (Barleria prionitis), ''malati'' (Jasminum grandiflorum), ''surasa'' (Ocimum sanctum), and ''arjaka'' (Ocimum gratissimum). [29-33]
==== Material for ''avagaha sweda'' (tub fomentation) ====
==== Material for ''avagaha sweda'' (tub fomentation) ====
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एत एव च निर्यूहाः प्रयोज्या जलकोष्ठके|
एत एव च निर्यूहाः प्रयोज्या जलकोष्ठके|
स्वेदनार्थं घृतक्षीरतैलकोष्ठांश्च कारयेत्||३४||
स्वेदनार्थं घृतक्षीरतैलकोष्ठांश्च कारयेत्||३४||
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ēta ēva ca niryūhāḥ prayōjyā jalakōṣṭhakē|
ēta ēva ca niryūhāḥ prayōjyā jalakōṣṭhakē|
eta eva ca niryUhAH prayojyA jalakoShThake|
eta eva ca niryUhAH prayojyA jalakoShThake|
svedanArthaM ghRutakShIratailakoShThAMshca kArayet||34||
svedanArthaM ghRutakShIratailakoShThAMshca kArayet||34||
</div></div>
These same decoctions can be used in a water tub for fomentation. In a similar manner, ''ghee'', milk, and sesame oil may also be used in tub fomentation. [34]
These same decoctions can be used in a water tub for fomentation. In a similar manner, ''ghee'', milk, and sesame oil may also be used in tub fomentation. [34]
==== Material for ''upanaha sweda'' (poultice fomentation) ====
==== Material for ''upanaha sweda'' (poultice fomentation) ====
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गोधूमशकलैश्चूर्णैर्यवानामम्लसंयुतैः|
गोधूमशकलैश्चूर्णैर्यवानामम्लसंयुतैः|
चर्मभिश्चोपनद्धव्यः सलोमभिरपूतिभिः|
चर्मभिश्चोपनद्धव्यः सलोमभिरपूतिभिः|
उष्णवीर्यैरलाभे तु कौशेयाविकशाटकैः||३७||
उष्णवीर्यैरलाभे तु कौशेयाविकशाटकैः||३७||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
gōdhūmaśakalaiścūrṇairyavānāmamlasaṁyutaiḥ|
gōdhūmaśakalaiścūrṇairyavānāmamlasaṁyutaiḥ|
carmabhishcopanaddhavyaH salomabhirapUtibhiH|
carmabhishcopanaddhavyaH salomabhirapUtibhiH|
uShNavIryairalAbhe tu kausheyAvikashATakaiH||37||
uShNavIryairalAbhe tu kausheyAvikashATakaiH||37||
</div></div>
Poultice for fomentation can be prepared with wheat powder and/or barley flour mixed with sour preparations, oily substances, yeast, and salt. Poultice can also be logically prepared with aromatic drugs, ''jivanti'' (Leptandenia reticulata), ''shatapushpa'' (Foeniculum vulgare), ''uma'' (Linum usitatissimum), and ''kushta'' (Saussurea lappa) mixed with oil.
Poultice for fomentation can be prepared with wheat powder and/or barley flour mixed with sour preparations, oily substances, yeast, and salt. Poultice can also be logically prepared with aromatic drugs, ''jivanti'' (Leptandenia reticulata), ''shatapushpa'' (Foeniculum vulgare), ''uma'' (Linum usitatissimum), and ''kushta'' (Saussurea lappa) mixed with oil.
Non-putrefied hairy leather of hot potency animals should be used as a bandage when using poultice. In case of non availability, silk or woolen blanket can also be used. [35-37]
Non-putrefied hairy leather of hot potency animals should be used as a bandage when using poultice. In case of non availability, silk or woolen blanket can also be used. [35-37]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
रात्रौ बद्धं दिवा मुञ्चेन्मुञ्चेद्रात्रौ दिवा कृतम्|
रात्रौ बद्धं दिवा मुञ्चेन्मुञ्चेद्रात्रौ दिवा कृतम्|
विदाहपरिहारार्थं, स्यात् प्रकर्षस्तु शीतले||३८||
विदाहपरिहारार्थं, स्यात् प्रकर्षस्तु शीतले||३८||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
rātrau baddhaṁ divā muñcēnmuñcēdrātrau divā kr̥tam|
rātrau baddhaṁ divā muñcēnmuñcēdrātrau divā kr̥tam|
rAtrau baddhaM divA mu~jcenmu~jcedrAtrau divA kRutam|
rAtrau baddhaM divA mu~jcenmu~jcedrAtrau divA kRutam|
vidAhaparihArArthaM, syAt prakarShastu shItale||38||
vidAhaparihArArthaM, syAt prakarShastu shItale||38||
</div></div>
To prevent burning sensations, the bandage applied at night should be removed in the morning and the one applied during the day should be removed at night. The duration of bandage application may be prolonged in cold weather. [38]
To prevent burning sensations, the bandage applied at night should be removed in the morning and the one applied during the day should be removed at night. The duration of bandage application may be prolonged in cold weather. [38]
==== Thirteen types of ''sweda'' ====
==== Thirteen types of ''sweda'' ====
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सङ्करः प्रस्तरो नाडी परिषेकोऽवगाहनम्|
सङ्करः प्रस्तरो नाडी परिषेकोऽवगाहनम्|
कूपो होलाक इत्येते स्वेदयन्ति त्रयोदश|
कूपो होलाक इत्येते स्वेदयन्ति त्रयोदश|
तान् यथावत् प्रवक्ष्यामि सर्वानेवानुपूर्वशः||४०||
तान् यथावत् प्रवक्ष्यामि सर्वानेवानुपूर्वशः||४०||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
saṅkaraḥ prastarō nāḍī pariṣēkō'vagāhanam|
saṅkaraḥ prastarō nāḍī pariṣēkō'vagāhanam|
kUpo holAka ityete svedayanti trayodasha|
kUpo holAka ityete svedayanti trayodasha|
tAn yathAvat pravakShyAmi sarvAnevAnupUrvashaH||40||
tAn yathAvat pravakShyAmi sarvAnevAnupUrvashaH||40||
</div></div>
Thirteen varieties of fomentation are ''sankara, prastara, nadi, parisheka, avagahana, jentaka, ashmaghna, karshu, kuti, bhu, kumbhika, kupa,'' and ''holaka''. They are further detailed accordingly in the same sequence. [39-40]
Thirteen varieties of fomentation are ''sankara, prastara, nadi, parisheka, avagahana, jentaka, ashmaghna, karshu, kuti, bhu, kumbhika, kupa,'' and ''holaka''. They are further detailed accordingly in the same sequence. [39-40]
==== ''Sankara sweda'' (bolus fomentation) ====
==== ''Sankara sweda'' (bolus fomentation) ====
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
तत्र वस्त्रान्तरितैरवस्त्रान्तरितैर्वा पिण्डैर्यथोक्तैरुपस्वेदनं सङ्करस्वेद इति विद्यात्||४१||
तत्र वस्त्रान्तरितैरवस्त्रान्तरितैर्वा पिण्डैर्यथोक्तैरुपस्वेदनं सङ्करस्वेद इति विद्यात्||४१||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
tatra vastrāntaritairavastrāntaritairvā piṇḍairyathōktairupasvēdanaṁ saṅkarasvēda iti vidyāt||41||
tatra vastrāntaritairavastrāntaritairvā piṇḍairyathōktairupasvēdanaṁ saṅkarasvēda iti vidyāt||41||
tatra vastrAntaritairavastrAntaritairvA piNDairyathoktairupasvedanaM sa~gkarasveda iti vidyAt||41||
tatra vastrAntaritairavastrAntaritairvA piNDairyathoktairupasvedanaM sa~gkarasveda iti vidyAt||41||
</div></div>
Fomentation by means of bolus containing prescribed drugs with or without being wrapped with clothes is termed as ''sankarasweda''. [41]
Fomentation by means of bolus containing prescribed drugs with or without being wrapped with clothes is termed as ''sankarasweda''. [41]
==== ''Prastara sweda'' (lying on a medicinal mattress) ====
==== ''Prastara sweda'' (lying on a medicinal mattress) ====
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
शूकशमीधान्यपुलाकानां वेशवारपायसकृशरोत्कारिकादीनां वा प्रस्तरे कौशेयाविकोत्तरप्रच्छदेपञ्चाङ्गुलोरुबूकार्कपत्रप्रच्छदे वास्वभ्यक्तसर्वगात्रस्य शयानस्योपस्वेदनं प्रस्तरस्वेद इति विद्यात्||४२||
शूकशमीधान्यपुलाकानां वेशवारपायसकृशरोत्कारिकादीनां वा प्रस्तरे कौशेयाविकोत्तरप्रच्छदेपञ्चाङ्गुलोरुबूकार्कपत्रप्रच्छदे वास्वभ्यक्तसर्वगात्रस्य शयानस्योपस्वेदनं प्रस्तरस्वेद इति विद्यात्||४२||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
śūkaśamīdhānyapulākānāṁ vēśavārapāyasakr̥śarōtkārikādīnāṁ vā prastarēkauśēyāvikōttarapracchadēpañcāṅgulōrubūkārkapatrapracchadē vā svabhyaktasarvagātrasyaśayānasyōpasvēdanaṁ prastarasvēda iti vidyāt||42||
śūkaśamīdhānyapulākānāṁ vēśavārapāyasakr̥śarōtkārikādīnāṁ vā prastarēkauśēyāvikōttarapracchadēpañcāṅgulōrubūkārkapatrapracchadē vā svabhyaktasarvagātrasyaśayānasyōpasvēdanaṁ prastarasvēda iti vidyāt||42||
shUkashamIdhAnyapulAkAnAM veshavArapAyasakRusharotkArikAdInAM vA prastarekausheyAvikottarapracchadepa~jcA~ggulorubUkArkapatrapracchade vA svabhyaktasarvagAtrasyashayAnasyopasvedanaM prastarasveda iti vidyAt||42||
shUkashamIdhAnyapulAkAnAM veshavArapAyasakRusharotkArikAdInAM vA prastarekausheyAvikottarapracchadepa~jcA~ggulorubUkArkapatrapracchade vA svabhyaktasarvagAtrasyashayAnasyopasvedanaM prastarasveda iti vidyAt||42||
</div></div>
The fomentation technique involving an individual with oil properly applied all over his/her body, lying down on a mattress prepared with corn, pulse and ''pulaka'' (type of grain), or steamed boneless meat (''vesavara''), sweet porridge, boiled mixture of pulses and cereals (''krishara''), and pudding cake (''utkarika''), covered with silk, woolen pieces or leaves of ''panchangula'' (Ricinus communis), ''urubuka'' (variety of the same plant) and ''arka'' (Calotropis gigantean, is termed as ''prastara sweda''. [42]
The fomentation technique involving an individual with oil properly applied all over his/her body, lying down on a mattress prepared with corn, pulse and ''pulaka'' (type of grain), or steamed boneless meat (''vesavara''), sweet porridge, boiled mixture of pulses and cereals (''krishara''), and pudding cake (''utkarika''), covered with silk, woolen pieces or leaves of ''panchangula'' (Ricinus communis), ''urubuka'' (variety of the same plant) and ''arka'' (Calotropis gigantean, is termed as ''prastara sweda''. [42]
==== ''Nadi sweda'' (tubular steam sudation) ====
==== ''Nadi sweda'' (tubular steam sudation) ====
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स्वेदनद्रव्याणां पुनर्मूलफलपत्रशुङ्गादीनां मृगशकुनपिशितशिरस्पदादीनामुष्णस्वभावानां वायथार्हमम्ललवणस्नेहोपसंहितानां मूत्रक्षीरादीनां वा कुम्भ्यां बाष्पमनुद्वमन्त्यामुत्क्वथितानां नाड्याशरेषीकावंशदलकरञ्जार्कपत्रान्यतमकृतया गजाग्रहस्तसंस्थानया व्यामदीर्घया व्यामार्धदीर्घया वाव्यामचतुर्भागाष्टभागमूलाग्रपरिणाहस्रोतसा सर्वतो वातहरपत्रसंवृतच्छिद्रया द्विस्त्रिर्वा विनामितयावातहरसिद्धस्नेहाभ्यक्तगात्रो बाष्पमुपहरेत्; बाष्पो ह्यनृजुगामी विहतचण्डवेगस्त्वचमविदहन् सुखं स्वेदयतीतिनाडीस्वेदः||४३||
स्वेदनद्रव्याणां पुनर्मूलफलपत्रशुङ्गादीनां मृगशकुनपिशितशिरस्पदादीनामुष्णस्वभावानां वायथार्हमम्ललवणस्नेहोपसंहितानां मूत्रक्षीरादीनां वा कुम्भ्यां बाष्पमनुद्वमन्त्यामुत्क्वथितानां नाड्याशरेषीकावंशदलकरञ्जार्कपत्रान्यतमकृतया गजाग्रहस्तसंस्थानया व्यामदीर्घया व्यामार्धदीर्घया वाव्यामचतुर्भागाष्टभागमूलाग्रपरिणाहस्रोतसा सर्वतो वातहरपत्रसंवृतच्छिद्रया द्विस्त्रिर्वा विनामितयावातहरसिद्धस्नेहाभ्यक्तगात्रो बाष्पमुपहरेत्; बाष्पो ह्यनृजुगामी विहतचण्डवेगस्त्वचमविदहन् सुखं स्वेदयतीतिनाडीस्वेदः||४३||
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svēdanadravyāṇāṁ punarmūlaphalapatraśuṅgādīnāṁmr̥gaśakunapiśitaśiraspadādīnāmuṣṇasvabhāvānāṁ vā yathārhamamlalavaṇasnēhōpasaṁhitānāṁmūtrakṣīrādīnāṁ vā kumbhyāṁ bāṣpamanudvamantyāmutkvathitānāṁ nāḍyāśarēṣīkāvaṁśadalakarañjārkapatrānyatamakr̥tayā gajāgrahastasaṁsthānayā vyāmadīrghayāvyāmārdhadīrghayā vā vyāmacaturbhāgāṣṭabhāgamūlāgrapariṇāhasrōtasā sarvatōvātaharapatrasaṁvr̥tacchidrayā dvistrirvā vināmitayā vātaharasiddhasnēhābhyaktagātrōbāṣpamupaharēt; bāṣpō hyanr̥jugāmī vihatacaṇḍavēgastvacamavidahan sukhaṁ svēdayatītināḍīsvēdaḥ||43||
svēdanadravyāṇāṁ punarmūlaphalapatraśuṅgādīnāṁmr̥gaśakunapiśitaśiraspadādīnāmuṣṇasvabhāvānāṁ vā yathārhamamlalavaṇasnēhōpasaṁhitānāṁmūtrakṣīrādīnāṁ vā kumbhyāṁ bāṣpamanudvamantyāmutkvathitānāṁ nāḍyāśarēṣīkāvaṁśadalakarañjārkapatrānyatamakr̥tayā gajāgrahastasaṁsthānayā vyāmadīrghayāvyāmārdhadīrghayā vā vyāmacaturbhāgāṣṭabhāgamūlāgrapariṇāhasrōtasā sarvatōvātaharapatrasaṁvr̥tacchidrayā dvistrirvā vināmitayā vātaharasiddhasnēhābhyaktagātrōbāṣpamupaharēt; bāṣpō hyanr̥jugāmī vihatacaṇḍavēgastvacamavidahan sukhaṁ svēdayatītināḍīsvēdaḥ||43||
svedanadravyANAM punarmUlaphalapatrashu~ggAdInAMmRugashakunapishitashiraspadAdInAmuShNasvabhAvAnAM vAyathArhamamlalavaNasnehopasaMhitAnAM mUtrakShIrAdInAM vA kumbhyAMbAShpamanudvamantyAmutkvathitAnAM nADyA shareShIkAvaMshadalakara~jjArkapatrAnyatamakRutayAgajAgrahastasaMsthAnayA vyAmadIrghayA vyAmArdhadIrghayA vAvyAmacaturbhAgAShTabhAgamUlAgrapariNAhasrotasA sarvato vAtaharapatrasaMvRutacchidrayAdvistrirvA vinAmitayA vAtaharasiddhasnehAbhyaktagAtro bAShpamupaharet; bAShpo hyanRujugAmI vihataca NDavegastvacamavidahan sukhaM svedayatIti nADIsvedaH||43||
svedanadravyANAM punarmUlaphalapatrashu~ggAdInAMmRugashakunapishitashiraspadAdInAmuShNasvabhAvAnAM vAyathArhamamlalavaNasnehopasaMhitAnAM mUtrakShIrAdInAM vA kumbhyAMbAShpamanudvamantyAmutkvathitAnAM nADyA shareShIkAvaMshadalakara~jjArkapatrAnyatamakRutayAgajAgrahastasaMsthAnayA vyAmadIrghayA vyAmArdhadIrghayA vAvyAmacaturbhAgAShTabhAgamUlAgrapariNAhasrotasA sarvato vAtaharapatrasaMvRutacchidrayAdvistrirvA vinAmitayA vAtaharasiddhasnehAbhyaktagAtro bAShpamupaharet; bAShpo hyanRujugAmI vihataca NDavegastvacamavidahan sukhaM svedayatIti nADIsvedaH||43||
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Drugs for fomentation like plant-based articles (roots, fruits, leaves, buds etc.) or animal-based articles (flesh and heads of animals and birds) are mixed up with sour, salt or unctuous substances and urine, milk, etc. and decocted in a pitcher in such a way that the vapor does not leak out. Then, a pipe made up of leaves of ''vamsha'' (Bambusa arundinacea Retz.), ''karanja'' (Pongamia pinnata Merr.) or ''arka'' (Calotropis gigantea) with its fore part having the shape of the trunk of an elephant is inserted into the pitcher. The pipe required should be of one ''vyama'' (91.44cm) or half a ''vyama'' (45.72 cm) length, with its circumference being one-fourth of a ''vyama'' (22.86 cm) in its proximal end, one-eighth of a ''vyama'' in the distal end, and curved twice or thrice. All the clefts in the pipe should be well covered with leaves that alleviate ''vata''. The well-massaged patient should then get this steam through the curved pipe. Curvatures of the pipe help in lessening the intensity of steam and thus help in providing a comfortable fomentation experience. This fomentation technique is called ''nadi sweda''. [43]
Drugs for fomentation like plant-based articles (roots, fruits, leaves, buds etc.) or animal-based articles (flesh and heads of animals and birds) are mixed up with sour, salt or unctuous substances and urine, milk, etc. and decocted in a pitcher in such a way that the vapor does not leak out. Then, a pipe made up of leaves of ''vamsha'' (Bambusa arundinacea Retz.), ''karanja'' (Pongamia pinnata Merr.) or ''arka'' (Calotropis gigantea) with its fore part having the shape of the trunk of an elephant is inserted into the pitcher. The pipe required should be of one ''vyama'' (91.44cm) or half a ''vyama'' (45.72 cm) length, with its circumference being one-fourth of a ''vyama'' (22.86 cm) in its proximal end, one-eighth of a ''vyama'' in the distal end, and curved twice or thrice. All the clefts in the pipe should be well covered with leaves that alleviate ''vata''. The well-massaged patient should then get this steam through the curved pipe. Curvatures of the pipe help in lessening the intensity of steam and thus help in providing a comfortable fomentation experience. This fomentation technique is called ''nadi sweda''. [43]
==== ''Parisheka sweda'' (shower technique for fomentation) ====
==== ''Parisheka sweda'' (shower technique for fomentation) ====
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वातिकोत्तरवातिकानां पुनर्मूलादीनामुत्क्वाथैः सुखोष्णैः कुम्भीर्वर्षणिकाः प्रनाडीर्वा पूरयित्वा यथार्हसिद्धस्नेहाभ्यक्तगात्रंवस्त्रावच्छन्नं परिषेचयेदिति परिषेकः||४४||
वातिकोत्तरवातिकानां पुनर्मूलादीनामुत्क्वाथैः सुखोष्णैः कुम्भीर्वर्षणिकाः प्रनाडीर्वा पूरयित्वा यथार्हसिद्धस्नेहाभ्यक्तगात्रंवस्त्रावच्छन्नं परिषेचयेदिति परिषेकः||४४||
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vātikōttaravātikānāṁ punarmūlādīnāmutkvāthaiḥ sukhōṣṇaiḥ kumbhīrvarṣaṇikāḥ pranāḍīrvā pūrayitvāyathārhasiddhasnēhābhyaktagātraṁ vastrāvacchannaṁ pariṣēcayēditi pariṣēkaḥ||44||
vātikōttaravātikānāṁ punarmūlādīnāmutkvāthaiḥ sukhōṣṇaiḥ kumbhīrvarṣaṇikāḥ pranāḍīrvā pūrayitvāyathārhasiddhasnēhābhyaktagātraṁ vastrāvacchannaṁ pariṣēcayēditi pariṣēkaḥ||44||
vAtikottaravAtikAnAM punarmUlAdInAmutkvAthaiH sukhoShNaiH kumbhIrvarShaNikAH pranADIrvApUrayitvA yathArhasiddhasnehAbhyaktagAtraM vastrAvacchannaM pariShecayediti pariShekaH||44||
vAtikottaravAtikAnAM punarmUlAdInAmutkvAthaiH sukhoShNaiH kumbhIrvarShaNikAH pranADIrvApUrayitvA yathArhasiddhasnehAbhyaktagAtraM vastrAvacchannaM pariShecayediti pariShekaH||44||
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A fomentation technique that involves taking shower, using pitchers or vessels with holes at the bottom (''varshanika'') or pipes, filled with lukewarm decoctions of roots of drugs that alleviate isolated ''vata'' or ''vata''-predominant disorders, after suitable application of oil over body parts covered with cloth, is termed as ''parisheka''. [44]
A fomentation technique that involves taking shower, using pitchers or vessels with holes at the bottom (''varshanika'') or pipes, filled with lukewarm decoctions of roots of drugs that alleviate isolated ''vata'' or ''vata''-predominant disorders, after suitable application of oil over body parts covered with cloth, is termed as ''parisheka''. [44]
==== ''Avagaha sweda'' (tub fomentation) ====
==== ''Avagaha sweda'' (tub fomentation) ====
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वातहरोत्क्वाथक्षीरतैलघृतपिशितरसोष्णसलिलकोष्ठकावगाहस्तु यथोक्त एवावगाहः||४५||
वातहरोत्क्वाथक्षीरतैलघृतपिशितरसोष्णसलिलकोष्ठकावगाहस्तु यथोक्त एवावगाहः||४५||
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vātaharōtkvāthakṣīratailaghr̥tapiśitarasōṣṇasalilakōṣṭhakāvagāhastu yathōkta ēvāvagāhaḥ||45|
vātaharōtkvāthakṣīratailaghr̥tapiśitarasōṣṇasalilakōṣṭhakāvagāhastu yathōkta ēvāvagāhaḥ||45|
vAtaharotkvAthakShIratailaghRutapishitarasoShNasalilakoShThakAvagAhastu yathokta evAvagAhaH||45||
vAtaharotkvAthakShIratailaghRutapishitarasoShNasalilakoShThakAvagAhastu yathokta evAvagAhaH||45||
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Fomentation by immersion in a tub filled up with ''vata'' alleviating decoctions, milk, oil, ghee, meat juices or hot water is termed as ''avagaha''. [45]
Fomentation by immersion in a tub filled up with ''vata'' alleviating decoctions, milk, oil, ghee, meat juices or hot water is termed as ''avagaha''. [45]
==== ''Jentaka sweda'' (sudation therapy in room) ====
==== ''Jentaka sweda'' (sudation therapy in room) ====
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अथ जेन्ताकं चिकीर्षुर्भूमिं परीक्षेत- तत्र पूर्वस्यां दिश्युत्तरस्यां वा गुणवति प्रशस्ते भूमिभागे कृष्णमधुरमृत्तिके सुवर्णमृत्तिकेवा परीवापपुष्करिण्यादीनां जलाशयानामन्यतमस्य कूले दक्षिणे पश्चिमे वा सूपतीर्थे समसुविभक्तभूमिभागे सप्ताष्टौवाऽरत्नीरुपक्रम्योदकात् प्राङ्मुखमुदङ्मुखं वाऽभिमुखतीर्थं कूटागारं कारयेत्, उत्सेधविस्तारतः परमरत्नीः षोडश, समन्तात्सुवृत्तं मृत्कर्मसम्पन्नमनेकवातायनम्; अस्य कूटागारस्यान्तः समन्ततो भित्तिमरत्निविस्तारोत्सेधां पिण्डिकांकारयेदाकपाटात्, मध्ये चास्य कूटागारस्य चतुष्किष्कुमात्रं पुरुषप्रमाणं मृन्मयं कन्दुसंस्थानंबहुसूक्ष्मच्छिद्रमङ्गारकोष्ठकस्तम्भं सपिधानं कारयेत्; तं च खादिराणामाश्वकर्णादीनां वा काष्ठानां पूरयित्वा प्रदीपयेत्; सयदा जानीयात् साधु दग्धानि काष्ठानि गतधूमान्यवतप्तं च केवलमग्निना तदग्निगृहं स्वेदयोग्येन चोष्मणा युक्तमिति,तत्रैनं पुरुषं वातहराभ्यक्तगात्रं वस्त्रावच्छन्नं प्रवेशयेत्, प्रवेशयंश्चैनमनुशिष्यात्- सौम्य! प्रविश कल्याणायारोग्याय चेति,प्रविश्य चैनां पिण्डिकामधिरुह्य पार्श्वापरपार्श्वाभ्यां यथासुखं शयीथाः, न च त्वया स्वेदमूर्च्छापरीतेनापि सता पिण्डिकैषाविमोक्तव्याऽऽप्राणोच्छ्वासात्, भ्रश्यमानो ह्यतः पिण्डिवकावकाशाद्द्वारमनधिगच्छन् स्वेदमूर्च्छापरीततया सद्यःप्राणाञ्जह्याः, तस्मात् पिण्डिकामेनां न कथञ्चन मुञ्चेथाः; त्वं यदा जानीयाः- विगताभिष्यन्दमात्मानंसम्यक्प्रस्रुतस्वेदपिच्छं सर्वस्रोतोविमुक्तं लघूभूतमपगतविबन्धस्तम्भसुप्तिवेदनागौरवमिति, ततस्तां पिण्डिकामनुसरन्द्वारं प्रपद्येथाः, निष्क्रम्य च न सहसा चक्षुषोः परिपालनार्थं शीतोदकमुपस्पृशेथाः, अपगतसन्तापक्लमस्तु मुहूर्तात् सुखोष्णेनवारिणा यथान्यायं परिषिक्तोऽश्नीयाः; इति जेन्ताकस्वेदः||४६||
अथ जेन्ताकं चिकीर्षुर्भूमिं परीक्षेत- तत्र पूर्वस्यां दिश्युत्तरस्यां वा गुणवति प्रशस्ते भूमिभागे कृष्णमधुरमृत्तिके सुवर्णमृत्तिकेवा परीवापपुष्करिण्यादीनां जलाशयानामन्यतमस्य कूले दक्षिणे पश्चिमे वा सूपतीर्थे समसुविभक्तभूमिभागे सप्ताष्टौवाऽरत्नीरुपक्रम्योदकात् प्राङ्मुखमुदङ्मुखं वाऽभिमुखतीर्थं कूटागारं कारयेत्, उत्सेधविस्तारतः परमरत्नीः षोडश, समन्तात्सुवृत्तं मृत्कर्मसम्पन्नमनेकवातायनम्; अस्य कूटागारस्यान्तः समन्ततो भित्तिमरत्निविस्तारोत्सेधां पिण्डिकांकारयेदाकपाटात्, मध्ये चास्य कूटागारस्य चतुष्किष्कुमात्रं पुरुषप्रमाणं मृन्मयं कन्दुसंस्थानंबहुसूक्ष्मच्छिद्रमङ्गारकोष्ठकस्तम्भं सपिधानं कारयेत्; तं च खादिराणामाश्वकर्णादीनां वा काष्ठानां पूरयित्वा प्रदीपयेत्; सयदा जानीयात् साधु दग्धानि काष्ठानि गतधूमान्यवतप्तं च केवलमग्निना तदग्निगृहं स्वेदयोग्येन चोष्मणा युक्तमिति,तत्रैनं पुरुषं वातहराभ्यक्तगात्रं वस्त्रावच्छन्नं प्रवेशयेत्, प्रवेशयंश्चैनमनुशिष्यात्- सौम्य! प्रविश कल्याणायारोग्याय चेति,प्रविश्य चैनां पिण्डिकामधिरुह्य पार्श्वापरपार्श्वाभ्यां यथासुखं शयीथाः, न च त्वया स्वेदमूर्च्छापरीतेनापि सता पिण्डिकैषाविमोक्तव्याऽऽप्राणोच्छ्वासात्, भ्रश्यमानो ह्यतः पिण्डिवकावकाशाद्द्वारमनधिगच्छन् स्वेदमूर्च्छापरीततया सद्यःप्राणाञ्जह्याः, तस्मात् पिण्डिकामेनां न कथञ्चन मुञ्चेथाः; त्वं यदा जानीयाः- विगताभिष्यन्दमात्मानंसम्यक्प्रस्रुतस्वेदपिच्छं सर्वस्रोतोविमुक्तं लघूभूतमपगतविबन्धस्तम्भसुप्तिवेदनागौरवमिति, ततस्तां पिण्डिकामनुसरन्द्वारं प्रपद्येथाः, निष्क्रम्य च न सहसा चक्षुषोः परिपालनार्थं शीतोदकमुपस्पृशेथाः, अपगतसन्तापक्लमस्तु मुहूर्तात् सुखोष्णेनवारिणा यथान्यायं परिषिक्तोऽश्नीयाः; इति जेन्ताकस्वेदः||४६||
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atha jēntākaṁ cikīrṣurbhūmiṁ parīkṣēta- tatra pūrvasyāṁ diśyuttarasyāṁ vā guṇavati praśastēbhūmibhāgē kr̥ṣṇamadhuramr̥ttikē suvarṇamr̥ttikē vā parīvāpapuṣkariṇyādīnāṁ jalāśayānāmanyatamasyakūlē dakṣiṇē paścimē vā sūpatīrthē samasuvibhaktabhūmibhāgē saptāṣṭau vā'ratnīrupakramyōdakātprāṅmukhamudaṅmukhaṁ vā'bhimukhatīrthaṁ kūṭāgāraṁ kārayēt, utsēdhavistārataḥ paramaratnīḥṣōḍaśa, samantāt suvr̥ttaṁ mr̥tkarmasampannamanēkavātāyanam; asya kūṭāgārasyāntaḥ samantatōbhittimaratnivistārōtsēdhāṁ piṇḍikāṁ kārayēdākapāṭāt, madhyē cāsya kūṭāgārasya catuṣkiṣkumātraṁpuruṣapramāṇaṁ mr̥nmayaṁ kandusaṁsthānaṁ bahusūkṣmacchidramaṅgārakōṣṭhakastambhaṁsapidhānaṁ kārayēt; taṁ ca khādirāṇāmāśvakarṇādīnāṁ vā kāṣṭhānāṁ pūrayitvā pradīpayēt; sa yadājānīyāt sādhu dagdhāni kāṣṭhāni gatadhūmānyavataptaṁ ca kēvalamagninā tadagnigr̥haṁ svēdayōgyēnacōṣmaṇā yuktamiti, tatrainaṁ puruṣaṁ vātaharābhyaktagātraṁ vastrāvacchannaṁ pravēśayēt,pravēśayaṁścainamanuśiṣyāt- saumya! praviśa kalyāṇāyārōgyāya cēti, praviśya caināṁpiṇḍikāmadhiruhya pārśvāparapārśvābhyāṁ yathāsukhaṁ śayīthāḥ, na ca tvayā svēdamūrcchāparītēnāpisatā piṇḍikaiṣā vimōktavyā''prāṇōcchvāsāt, bhraśyamānō hyataḥ piṇḍivakāvakāśāddvāramanadhigacchansvēdamūrcchāparītatayā sadyaḥ prāṇāñjahyāḥ, tasmāt piṇḍikāmēnāṁ na kathañcana muñcēthāḥ; tvaṁyadā jānīyāḥ- vigatābhiṣyandamātmānaṁ samyakprasrutasvēdapicchaṁ sarvasrōtōvimuktaṁlaghūbhūtamapagatavibandhastambhasuptivēdanāgauravamiti, tatastāṁ piṇḍikāmanusaran dvāraṁprapadyēthāḥ, niṣkramya ca na sahasā cakṣuṣōḥ paripālanārthaṁ śītōdakamupaspr̥śēthāḥ,apagatasantāpaklamastu muhūrtāt sukhōṣṇēna vāriṇā yathānyāyaṁ pariṣiktō'śnīyāḥ; itijēntākasvēdaḥ||46||
atha jēntākaṁ cikīrṣurbhūmiṁ parīkṣēta- tatra pūrvasyāṁ diśyuttarasyāṁ vā guṇavati praśastēbhūmibhāgē kr̥ṣṇamadhuramr̥ttikē suvarṇamr̥ttikē vā parīvāpapuṣkariṇyādīnāṁ jalāśayānāmanyatamasyakūlē dakṣiṇē paścimē vā sūpatīrthē samasuvibhaktabhūmibhāgē saptāṣṭau vā'ratnīrupakramyōdakātprāṅmukhamudaṅmukhaṁ vā'bhimukhatīrthaṁ kūṭāgāraṁ kārayēt, utsēdhavistārataḥ paramaratnīḥṣōḍaśa, samantāt suvr̥ttaṁ mr̥tkarmasampannamanēkavātāyanam; asya kūṭāgārasyāntaḥ samantatōbhittimaratnivistārōtsēdhāṁ piṇḍikāṁ kārayēdākapāṭāt, madhyē cāsya kūṭāgārasya catuṣkiṣkumātraṁpuruṣapramāṇaṁ mr̥nmayaṁ kandusaṁsthānaṁ bahusūkṣmacchidramaṅgārakōṣṭhakastambhaṁsapidhānaṁ kārayēt; taṁ ca khādirāṇāmāśvakarṇādīnāṁ vā kāṣṭhānāṁ pūrayitvā pradīpayēt; sa yadājānīyāt sādhu dagdhāni kāṣṭhāni gatadhūmānyavataptaṁ ca kēvalamagninā tadagnigr̥haṁ svēdayōgyēnacōṣmaṇā yuktamiti, tatrainaṁ puruṣaṁ vātaharābhyaktagātraṁ vastrāvacchannaṁ pravēśayēt,pravēśayaṁścainamanuśiṣyāt- saumya! praviśa kalyāṇāyārōgyāya cēti, praviśya caināṁpiṇḍikāmadhiruhya pārśvāparapārśvābhyāṁ yathāsukhaṁ śayīthāḥ, na ca tvayā svēdamūrcchāparītēnāpisatā piṇḍikaiṣā vimōktavyā''prāṇōcchvāsāt, bhraśyamānō hyataḥ piṇḍivakāvakāśāddvāramanadhigacchansvēdamūrcchāparītatayā sadyaḥ prāṇāñjahyāḥ, tasmāt piṇḍikāmēnāṁ na kathañcana muñcēthāḥ; tvaṁyadā jānīyāḥ- vigatābhiṣyandamātmānaṁ samyakprasrutasvēdapicchaṁ sarvasrōtōvimuktaṁlaghūbhūtamapagatavibandhastambhasuptivēdanāgauravamiti, tatastāṁ piṇḍikāmanusaran dvāraṁprapadyēthāḥ, niṣkramya ca na sahasā cakṣuṣōḥ paripālanārthaṁ śītōdakamupaspr̥śēthāḥ,apagatasantāpaklamastu muhūrtāt sukhōṣṇēna vāriṇā yathānyāyaṁ pariṣiktō'śnīyāḥ; itijēntākasvēdaḥ||46||
atha jentAkaM cikIrShurbhUmiM parIkSheta- tatra pUrvasyAM dishyuttarasyAM vA guNavati prashastebhUmibhAge kRuShNamadhuramRuttike suvarNamRuttike vA parIvApapuShkariNyAdInAMjalAshayAnAmanyatamasya kUle dakShiNe pashcime vA sUpatIrthe samasuvibhaktabhUmibhAgesaptAShTau vA~aratnIrupakramyodakAt prA~gmukhamuda~gmukhaM vA~abhimukhatIrthaMkUTAgAraM kArayet, utsedhavistArataH paramaratnIH ShoDasha, samantAt suvRuttaMmRutkarmasampannamanekavAtAyanam; asya kUTAgArasyAntaH samantato bhittimaratnivistArotsedhAMpiNDikAM kArayedAkapATAt, madhye cAsya kUTAgArasya catuShkiShkumAtraM puruShapramANaMmRunmayaM kandusaMsthAnaM bahusUkShmacchidrama~ggArakoShThakastambhaM sapidhAnaMkArayet; taM ca khAdirANAmAshvakarNAdInAM vA kAShThAnAM pUrayitvA pradIpayet; sa yadA jAnIyAtsAdhu dagdhAni kAShThAni gatadhUmAnyavataptaM ca kevalamagninA tadagnigRuhaM svedayogyenacoShmaNA yuktamiti, tatrainaM puruShaM vAtaharAbhyaktagAtraM vastrAvacchannaM praveshayet,praveshayaMshcainamanushiShyAt- saumya! pravisha kalyANAyArogyAya ceti, pravishya cainAMpiNDikAmadhiruhya pArshvAparapArshvAbhyAM yathAsukhaM shayIthAH, na ca tvayAsvedamUrcchAparItenApi satA piNDikaiShA vimoktavyA~a~aprANocchvAsAt, bhrashyamAno hyataHpiNDivakAvakAshAddvAramanadhigacchan svedamUrcchAparItatayA sadyaH prANA~jjahyAH, tasmAtpiNDikAmenAM na katha~jcana mu~jcethAH; tvaM yadA jAnIyAH- vigatAbhiShyandamAtmAnaMsamyakprasrutasvedapicchaM sarvasrotovimuktaMlaghUbhUtamapagatavibandhastambhasuptivedanAgauravamiti, tatastAM piNDikAmanusaran dvAraMprapadyethAH, niShkramya ca na sahasA cakShuShoH paripAlanArthaM shItodakamupaspRushethAH,apagatasantApaklamastu muhUrtAt sukhoShNena vAriNA yathAnyAyaM pariShikto~ashnIyAH; itijentAkasvedaH||46||
atha jentAkaM cikIrShurbhUmiM parIkSheta- tatra pUrvasyAM dishyuttarasyAM vA guNavati prashastebhUmibhAge kRuShNamadhuramRuttike suvarNamRuttike vA parIvApapuShkariNyAdInAMjalAshayAnAmanyatamasya kUle dakShiNe pashcime vA sUpatIrthe samasuvibhaktabhUmibhAgesaptAShTau vA~aratnIrupakramyodakAt prA~gmukhamuda~gmukhaM vA~abhimukhatIrthaMkUTAgAraM kArayet, utsedhavistArataH paramaratnIH ShoDasha, samantAt suvRuttaMmRutkarmasampannamanekavAtAyanam; asya kUTAgArasyAntaH samantato bhittimaratnivistArotsedhAMpiNDikAM kArayedAkapATAt, madhye cAsya kUTAgArasya catuShkiShkumAtraM puruShapramANaMmRunmayaM kandusaMsthAnaM bahusUkShmacchidrama~ggArakoShThakastambhaM sapidhAnaMkArayet; taM ca khAdirANAmAshvakarNAdInAM vA kAShThAnAM pUrayitvA pradIpayet; sa yadA jAnIyAtsAdhu dagdhAni kAShThAni gatadhUmAnyavataptaM ca kevalamagninA tadagnigRuhaM svedayogyenacoShmaNA yuktamiti, tatrainaM puruShaM vAtaharAbhyaktagAtraM vastrAvacchannaM praveshayet,praveshayaMshcainamanushiShyAt- saumya! pravisha kalyANAyArogyAya ceti, pravishya cainAMpiNDikAmadhiruhya pArshvAparapArshvAbhyAM yathAsukhaM shayIthAH, na ca tvayAsvedamUrcchAparItenApi satA piNDikaiShA vimoktavyA~a~aprANocchvAsAt, bhrashyamAno hyataHpiNDivakAvakAshAddvAramanadhigacchan svedamUrcchAparItatayA sadyaH prANA~jjahyAH, tasmAtpiNDikAmenAM na katha~jcana mu~jcethAH; tvaM yadA jAnIyAH- vigatAbhiShyandamAtmAnaMsamyakprasrutasvedapicchaM sarvasrotovimuktaMlaghUbhUtamapagatavibandhastambhasuptivedanAgauravamiti, tatastAM piNDikAmanusaran dvAraMprapadyethAH, niShkramya ca na sahasA cakShuShoH paripAlanArthaM shItodakamupaspRushethAH,apagatasantApaklamastu muhUrtAt sukhoShNena vAriNA yathAnyAyaM pariShikto~ashnIyAH; itijentAkasvedaH||46||
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Examine the land thoroughly before resorting to the ''jentaka'' type of fomentation. Construct a circular building facing east or north, with a pond in front and ensuring that the site is in the eastern or northern side of the village. The building should be situated at a distance of 7- 8 ''aratnis'' (320-365 cm) from the pond. The land should be fertile, plain, and black or golden in colour. The height and diameter of the building should be 16 ''aratni'' each. (731 cm) and should be circular (as mentioned earlier), well plastered with mud and with many windows. A bench having 1 ''aratni'' (approximately 45 cm) width and height should be prepared all around the wall up to the door. An oven of clay, with a lid and with many holes, of four ''hasta'' diameter, and of height equal to that of the individual should be prepared in the center of the room. This oven should be filled up with fuel of ''khadira'' (acacia catechu) and ''aswakarna'' (dipterocarpus alatus) and ignited. As the wooden fuel is properly burned and the room is wellheated with fire alone (i.e., devoid of any smoke), it should be understood as fit for sudation with heat. Then you request the patient,who is well massaged with oil prepared with vata alleviating drugs and covered with a cloth, to enter the room by saying “Oh gentleman! Enter the room for the sake of your auspicious health. Go to the bench and lie down thereon, alternately changing sides comfortably, you should not leave the bench even if you feel fainting by severe sweating until you feel suffocated, otherwise on leaving you may not be able to reach the door and it may be fatal, do not leave the bench. As you feel yourself free from all clogging, with sticky sweat drained and all channels open, light and devoid of obstructions, stiffness, numbness, pain, and heaviness, you should then leave the bench and exit through the door. After coming out of that room, do not immediately apply cold water for the sake of your eyes. After one ''muhurta'', as the heat and exertion subsides, you should bathe in lukewarm water and then eat a meal”. This is ''jentaka sweda''. [46]
Examine the land thoroughly before resorting to the ''jentaka'' type of fomentation. Construct a circular building facing east or north, with a pond in front and ensuring that the site is in the eastern or northern side of the village. The building should be situated at a distance of 7- 8 ''aratnis'' (320-365 cm) from the pond. The land should be fertile, plain, and black or golden in colour. The height and diameter of the building should be 16 ''aratni'' each. (731 cm) and should be circular (as mentioned earlier), well plastered with mud and with many windows. A bench having 1 ''aratni'' (approximately 45 cm) width and height should be prepared all around the wall up to the door. An oven of clay, with a lid and with many holes, of four ''hasta'' diameter, and of height equal to that of the individual should be prepared in the center of the room. This oven should be filled up with fuel of ''khadira'' (acacia catechu) and ''aswakarna'' (dipterocarpus alatus) and ignited. As the wooden fuel is properly burned and the room is wellheated with fire alone (i.e., devoid of any smoke), it should be understood as fit for sudation with heat. Then you request the patient,who is well massaged with oil prepared with vata alleviating drugs and covered with a cloth, to enter the room by saying “Oh gentleman! Enter the room for the sake of your auspicious health. Go to the bench and lie down thereon, alternately changing sides comfortably, you should not leave the bench even if you feel fainting by severe sweating until you feel suffocated, otherwise on leaving you may not be able to reach the door and it may be fatal, do not leave the bench. As you feel yourself free from all clogging, with sticky sweat drained and all channels open, light and devoid of obstructions, stiffness, numbness, pain, and heaviness, you should then leave the bench and exit through the door. After coming out of that room, do not immediately apply cold water for the sake of your eyes. After one ''muhurta'', as the heat and exertion subsides, you should bathe in lukewarm water and then eat a meal”. This is ''jentaka sweda''. [46]
==== ''Ashmaghana sweda'' (sudation on heated slab of stone) ====
==== ''Ashmaghana sweda'' (sudation on heated slab of stone) ====
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शयानस्य प्रमाणेन घनामश्ममयीं शिलाम्|
शयानस्य प्रमाणेन घनामश्ममयीं शिलाम्|
तस्यां स्वभ्यक्तसर्वाङ्गः स्वपन् स्विद्यति ना सुखम्|
तस्यां स्वभ्यक्तसर्वाङ्गः स्वपन् स्विद्यति ना सुखम्|
कौरवाजिनकौषेयप्रावाराद्यैः सुसंवृतः ||४९|| इत्यक्तोऽश्मघनस्वेदः,...|५०|
कौरवाजिनकौषेयप्रावाराद्यैः सुसंवृतः ||४९|| इत्यक्तोऽश्मघनस्वेदः,...|५०|
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śayānasya pramāṇēna ghanāmaśmamayīṁ śilām|
śayānasya pramāṇēna ghanāmaśmamayīṁ śilām|
ityakto~ashmaghanasvedaH,...|50|
ityakto~ashmaghanasvedaH,...|50|
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A compact slab of stone, of the length of an average human body, is heated with ''vata'' alleviating wooden fuel. Then all the firebrands are removed and the slab sprinkled with hot water and covered with silk or woolen sheets. The person, well massaged with oil all over his body and covered with garments is made to lie down on the slab for sudation. This fomentation technique is called ''ashmaghna sweda''. [47-49]
A compact slab of stone, of the length of an average human body, is heated with ''vata'' alleviating wooden fuel. Then all the firebrands are removed and the slab sprinkled with hot water and covered with silk or woolen sheets. The person, well massaged with oil all over his body and covered with garments is made to lie down on the slab for sudation. This fomentation technique is called ''ashmaghna sweda''. [47-49]
==== ''Karshu sweda'' (sudation by using heat in a trench under bed) ====
==== ''Karshu sweda'' (sudation by using heat in a trench under bed) ====
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...कर्षूस्वेदः प्रवक्ष्यते| खानयेच्छयनस्याधः कर्षूं स्थानविभागवित्||५०||
...कर्षूस्वेदः प्रवक्ष्यते| खानयेच्छयनस्याधः कर्षूं स्थानविभागवित्||५०||
दीप्तैरधूमैरङ्गारैस्तां कर्षूं पूरयेत्ततः|
दीप्तैरधूमैरङ्गारैस्तां कर्षूं पूरयेत्ततः|
तस्यामुपरि शय्यायां स्वपन् स्विद्यति ना सुखम्||५१||
तस्यामुपरि शय्यायां स्वपन् स्विद्यति ना सुखम्||५१||
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...karṣūsvēdaḥ pravakṣyatē|
...karṣūsvēdaḥ pravakṣyatē|
dIptairadhUmaira~ggAraistAM karShUM pUrayettataH|
dIptairadhUmaira~ggAraistAM karShUM pUrayettataH|
tasyAmupari shayyAyAM svapan svidyati nA sukham||51||
tasyAmupari shayyAyAM svapan svidyati nA sukham||51||
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A physician well versed in location should get dug a flask-shaped trench right below the bed-stead (this technique assumes earthen/mud-thatched houses), fill it up with smokeless firebrands and lay the patient on the bed over this. This fomentation technique is termed as ''karshu sweda''. [50-51]
A physician well versed in location should get dug a flask-shaped trench right below the bed-stead (this technique assumes earthen/mud-thatched houses), fill it up with smokeless firebrands and lay the patient on the bed over this. This fomentation technique is termed as ''karshu sweda''. [50-51]
==== ''Kuti sweda'' (sudation in a cottage) and ''bhu sweda'' (sudation on floor) ====
==== ''Kuti sweda'' (sudation in a cottage) and ''bhu sweda'' (sudation on floor) ====
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अनत्युत्सेधविस्तारां वृत्ताकारामलोचनाम्|
अनत्युत्सेधविस्तारां वृत्ताकारामलोचनाम्|
य एवाश्मघनस्वेदविधिर्भूमौ स एव तु|
य एवाश्मघनस्वेदविधिर्भूमौ स एव तु|
प्रशस्तायां निवातायां समायामुपदिश्यते||५५||
प्रशस्तायां निवातायां समायामुपदिश्यते||५५||
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anatyutsēdhavistārāṁ vr̥ttākārāmalōcanām|
anatyutsēdhavistārāṁ vr̥ttākārāmalōcanām|
ghanabhittiṁ kuṭīṁ kr̥tvā kuṣṭhādyaiḥ sampralēpayēt||52||
ghanabhittiṁ kuṭīṁ kr̥tvā kuṣṭhādyaiḥ sampralēpayēt||52||
ya evAshmaghanasvedavidhirbhUmau sa eva tu|
ya evAshmaghanasvedavidhirbhUmau sa eva tu|
prashastAyAM nivAtAyAM samAyAmupadishyate||55||
prashastAyAM nivAtAyAM samAyAmupadishyate||55||
</div></div>
A thick – walled, round cottage that is neither too high, nor too wide, and without any windows should be constructed with its inner walls plastered with drugs like ''kushtha'' (Saussurea lappa). There should be a bed at the center of this cottage covered with sheets prepared from cotton, silk, animal skin, a variety of grass (''kuttha''), woolen blanket, or a variety of woolen cloth / wooden ball (''golaka''). The bed should be surrounded with furnaces filled up with firebrands. The person, with oil applied all over his body, would lie on this bed for fomentation. This fomentation technique is termed as ''kuti sweda''.
A thick – walled, round cottage that is neither too high, nor too wide, and without any windows should be constructed with its inner walls plastered with drugs like ''kushtha'' (Saussurea lappa). There should be a bed at the center of this cottage covered with sheets prepared from cotton, silk, animal skin, a variety of grass (''kuttha''), woolen blanket, or a variety of woolen cloth / wooden ball (''golaka''). The bed should be surrounded with furnaces filled up with firebrands. The person, with oil applied all over his body, would lie on this bed for fomentation. This fomentation technique is termed as ''kuti sweda''.
==== ''Kumbhi sweda'' (sudation with a pitcher) ====
==== ''Kumbhi sweda'' (sudation with a pitcher) ====
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कुम्भीं वातहरक्वाथपूर्णां भूमौ निखानयेत्|
कुम्भीं वातहरक्वाथपूर्णां भूमौ निखानयेत्|
पाषाणान् वोष्मणा तेन तत्स्थः स्विद्यति ना सुखम्|
पाषाणान् वोष्मणा तेन तत्स्थः स्विद्यति ना सुखम्|
सुसंवृताङ्गः स्वभ्यक्तः स्नेहैरनिलनाशनैः||५८||
सुसंवृताङ्गः स्वभ्यक्तः स्नेहैरनिलनाशनैः||५८||
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kumbhīṁ vātaharakvāthapūrṇāṁ bhūmau nikhānayēt|
kumbhīṁ vātaharakvāthapūrṇāṁ bhūmau nikhānayēt|
pAShANAn voShmaNA tena tatsthaH svidyati nA sukham|
pAShANAn voShmaNA tena tatsthaH svidyati nA sukham|
susaMvRutA~ggaH svabhyaktaH snehairanilanAshanaiH||58||
susaMvRutA~ggaH svabhyaktaH snehairanilanAshanaiH||58||
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A pitcher, filled up with decoction of vata alleviating drugs should be buried in earth upto one-fourth or one-fourth of it and a bed covered with a thin sheet kept over it. The patient, well massaged with oil alleviating ''vata'' and covered with a cloth, should either lie down or sit on the bed. Thereafter hot iron balls or stones should be put into the pitcher. The heat coming out of the pitcher helps in fomentation and this is termed as ''kumbhisweda''. [56-58]
A pitcher, filled up with decoction of vata alleviating drugs should be buried in earth upto one-fourth or one-fourth of it and a bed covered with a thin sheet kept over it. The patient, well massaged with oil alleviating ''vata'' and covered with a cloth, should either lie down or sit on the bed. Thereafter hot iron balls or stones should be put into the pitcher. The heat coming out of the pitcher helps in fomentation and this is termed as ''kumbhisweda''. [56-58]
==== ''Kupa sweda'' (sudation in a pit) ====
==== ''Kupa sweda'' (sudation in a pit) ====
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कूपं शयनविस्तारं द्विगुणं चापि वेधतः|
कूपं शयनविस्तारं द्विगुणं चापि वेधतः|
हस्त्यश्वगोखरोष्ट्राणां करीषैर्दग्धपूरिते|
हस्त्यश्वगोखरोष्ट्राणां करीषैर्दग्धपूरिते|
स्ववच्छन्नः सुसंस्तीर्णेऽभ्यक्तः स्विद्यति ना सुखम्||६०||
स्ववच्छन्नः सुसंस्तीर्णेऽभ्यक्तः स्विद्यति ना सुखम्||६०||
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kūpaṁ śayanavistāraṁ dviguṇaṁ cāpi vēdhataḥ|
kūpaṁ śayanavistāraṁ dviguṇaṁ cāpi vēdhataḥ|
hastyashvagokharoShTrANAM karIShairdagdhapUrite|
hastyashvagokharoShTrANAM karIShairdagdhapUrite|
svavacchannaH susaMstIrNe~abhyaktaH svidyati nA sukham||60||
svavacchannaH susaMstIrNe~abhyaktaH svidyati nA sukham||60||
</div></div>
In a location free from excessive wind, a pit of the width of a bed and twice as deep as wide should be dug. Its inner portion should be well cleaned and filled with dried dung of elephant, horse, cows, ass, or camel and then ignited. A bed or sheet covered with a thin sheet should be kept over it. The patient, well massaged with oil and covered with cloth, should either lie down or sit over the bed till proper fomentation. This technique is called as ''kupasweda''. [59-60]
In a location free from excessive wind, a pit of the width of a bed and twice as deep as wide should be dug. Its inner portion should be well cleaned and filled with dried dung of elephant, horse, cows, ass, or camel and then ignited. A bed or sheet covered with a thin sheet should be kept over it. The patient, well massaged with oil and covered with cloth, should either lie down or sit over the bed till proper fomentation. This technique is called as ''kupasweda''. [59-60]
==== ''Holaka sweda'' (sudation using a heap of dung) ====
==== ''Holaka sweda'' (sudation using a heap of dung) ====
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धीतीकां तु करीषाणां यथोक्तानां प्रदीपयेत्|
धीतीकां तु करीषाणां यथोक्तानां प्रदीपयेत्|
होलाकस्वेद इत्येष सुखः प्रोक्तो महर्षिणा|
होलाकस्वेद इत्येष सुखः प्रोक्तो महर्षिणा|
इति त्रयोदशविधः स्वेदोऽग्निगुणसंश्रयः||६३||
इति त्रयोदशविधः स्वेदोऽग्निगुणसंश्रयः||६३||
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dhītīkāṁ tu karīṣāṇāṁ yathōktānāṁ pradīpayēt|
dhītīkāṁ tu karīṣāṇāṁ yathōktānāṁ pradīpayēt|
holAkasveda ityeSha sukhaH prokto maharShiNA|
holAkasveda ityeSha sukhaH prokto maharShiNA|
iti trayodashavidhaH svedo~agniguNasaMshrayaH||63||
iti trayodashavidhaH svedo~agniguNasaMshrayaH||63||
</div></div>
A heap of dung (of similar description as above) of the size of a bed is ignited. After it is completely burnt and becomes smokeless, a bed covered with a thin sheet is kept over it. The patient, well massaged with oil and covered with cloth, is made to lie down over the bed for comfortable fomentation. This is called ''holaka sweda'' and is considered healthy by sages.
A heap of dung (of similar description as above) of the size of a bed is ignited. After it is completely burnt and becomes smokeless, a bed covered with a thin sheet is kept over it. The patient, well massaged with oil and covered with cloth, is made to lie down over the bed for comfortable fomentation. This is called ''holaka sweda'' and is considered healthy by sages.
==== Ten sudation methods without using fire ====
==== Ten sudation methods without using fire ====
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व्यायाम उष्णसदनं गुरुप्रावरणं क्षुधा|
व्यायाम उष्णसदनं गुरुप्रावरणं क्षुधा|
स्वेदयन्ति दशैतानि नरमग्निगुणादृते|६५|
स्वेदयन्ति दशैतानि नरमग्निगुणादृते|६५|
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vyāyāma uṣṇasadanaṁ guruprāvaraṇaṁ kṣudhā|
vyāyāma uṣṇasadanaṁ guruprāvaraṇaṁ kṣudhā|
svedayanti dashaitAni naramagniguNAdRute|65|
svedayanti dashaitAni naramagniguNAdRute|65|
</div></div>
Ten methods of sudation without fire include exercises, residing in a warm chamber, wearing heavy clothing, restraining hunger, consuming excess liquid (specially alcoholic beverages) , fear, anger, poultice, wrestling and exposure to sunlight. [64-65]
Ten methods of sudation without fire include exercises, residing in a warm chamber, wearing heavy clothing, restraining hunger, consuming excess liquid (specially alcoholic beverages) , fear, anger, poultice, wrestling and exposure to sunlight. [64-65]
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इत्युक्तो द्विविधः स्वेदः संयुक्तोऽग्निगुणैर्न च||६५||
इत्युक्तो द्विविधः स्वेदः संयुक्तोऽग्निगुणैर्न च||६५||
एकाङ्गसर्वाङ्गगतः स्निग्धो रूक्षस्तथैव च|
एकाङ्गसर्वाङ्गगतः स्निग्धो रूक्षस्तथैव च|
इत्येतत्त्रिविधं द्वन्द्वं स्वेदमुद्दिश्य कीर्तितम्||६६||
इत्येतत्त्रिविधं द्वन्द्वं स्वेदमुद्दिश्य कीर्तितम्||६६||
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ityuktō dvividhaḥ svēdaḥ saṁyuktō'gniguṇairna ca||65||
ityuktō dvividhaḥ svēdaḥ saṁyuktō'gniguṇairna ca||65||
ekA~ggasarvA~ggagataH snigdho rUkShastathaiva ca|
ekA~ggasarvA~ggagataH snigdho rUkShastathaiva ca|
ityetattrividhaM dvandvaM svedamuddishya kIrtitam||66||
ityetattrividhaM dvandvaM svedamuddishya kIrtitam||66||
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As described earlier, fomentation can be categorized into two types- using fire and not using fire. Again, there could be two types of fomentation based on whether the whole body is exposed or only parts of it. Another categorization is based on whether it is wet or dry fomentation. These three pairs of fomentation types are well known forms of sudation. [65-66]
As described earlier, fomentation can be categorized into two types- using fire and not using fire. Again, there could be two types of fomentation based on whether the whole body is exposed or only parts of it. Another categorization is based on whether it is wet or dry fomentation. These three pairs of fomentation types are well known forms of sudation. [65-66]
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स्निग्धः स्वेदैरुपक्रम्यः स्विन्नः पथ्याशनो भवेत्|
स्निग्धः स्वेदैरुपक्रम्यः स्विन्नः पथ्याशनो भवेत्|
तदहः स्विन्नगात्रस्तु व्यायामं वर्जयेन्नरः||६७||
तदहः स्विन्नगात्रस्तु व्यायामं वर्जयेन्नरः||६७||
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snigdhaḥ svēdairupakramyaḥ svinnaḥ pathyāśanō bhavēt|
snigdhaḥ svēdairupakramyaḥ svinnaḥ pathyāśanō bhavēt|
snigdhaH svedairupakramyaH svinnaH pathyAshano bhavet|
snigdhaH svedairupakramyaH svinnaH pathyAshano bhavet|
tadahaH svinnagAtrastu vyAyAmaM varjayennaraH||67||
tadahaH svinnagAtrastu vyAyAmaM varjayennaraH||67||
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A well oleated person should be subjected to sudation and on proper sweating, should take a wholesome diet. After fomentation, the patient should abstain from exercise that day. [67]
A well oleated person should be subjected to sudation and on proper sweating, should take a wholesome diet. After fomentation, the patient should abstain from exercise that day. [67]
==== Summary ====
==== Summary ====
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तत्र श्लोकाः-
तत्र श्लोकाः-
स्वेदाधिकारे यद्वाच्यमुक्तमेतन्महर्षिणा |
स्वेदाधिकारे यद्वाच्यमुक्तमेतन्महर्षिणा |
शिष्यैस्तु प्रतिपत्तव्यमुपदेष्टा पुनर्वसुः||७१||
शिष्यैस्तु प्रतिपत्तव्यमुपदेष्टा पुनर्वसुः||७१||
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tatra ślōkāḥ-
tatra ślōkāḥ-
svedAdhikAre yadvAcyamuktametanmaharShiNA |
svedAdhikAre yadvAcyamuktametanmaharShiNA |
shiShyaistu pratipattavyamupadeShTA punarvasuH||71||
shiShyaistu pratipattavyamupadeShTA punarvasuH||71||
</div></div>
In summary, the mode of action of sudation, safety, types, suitability to various body parts, recommended protection measures for specific regions of the body, symptoms of optimum and oversudation, medicaments for oversudation, contraindications and indications of sudation, materials used for sudation, preparations, thirteen types of fire-induced fomentation, ten types of fomentation without fire, and six concise types of sudation have been explained in this chapter on sudation. [68-71]
In summary, the mode of action of sudation, safety, types, suitability to various body parts, recommended protection measures for specific regions of the body, symptoms of optimum and oversudation, medicaments for oversudation, contraindications and indications of sudation, materials used for sudation, preparations, thirteen types of fire-induced fomentation, ten types of fomentation without fire, and six concise types of sudation have been explained in this chapter on sudation. [68-71]
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इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थाने स्वेदाध्यायो नाम चतुर्दशोऽध्यायः||१४||
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थाने स्वेदाध्यायो नाम चतुर्दशोऽध्यायः||१४||
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ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē ślōkasthānē svēdādhyāyō nāma caturdaśō'dhyāyaḥ||14||
ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē ślōkasthānē svēdādhyāyō nāma caturdaśō'dhyāyaḥ||14||
ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute shlokasthAne svedAdhyAyo nAmacaturdasho~adhyAyaH||14||
ityagniveshakRute tantre carakapratisaMskRute shlokasthAne svedAdhyAyo nAmacaturdasho~adhyAyaH||14||
</div></div>
Thus ends the fourteenth chapter on sudation in the [[Sutra Sthana]] of treatise written by Agnivesha and redacted by Charak.[14]
Thus ends the fourteenth chapter on sudation in the [[Sutra Sthana]] of treatise written by Agnivesha and redacted by Charak.[14]