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== [[Vidhi Vimarsha]] (Applied Inferences) ==

== [[Vidhi Vimarsha]] (Applied Inferences) ==

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This is an important chapter described for prevention of all disorders through maintenance of internal somatic hygiene and promotion of somato-psychological strength. As explained earlier in introductory part, it enlisted various aspects for building up the internal strength through physical exercise, restraint of negative psyche, follow up of proper dietary regimen as per body constitution, a course for prevention of impending disorders, and management principles of psychological disorders. The chapter covers a comprehensive knowledge about ways to positive physical-psychological and spiritual health in holistic manner emphasizing the true essence of [[Ayurveda]].

This chapter describes prevention of disorders through maintenance of internal somatic hygiene and promotion of somato-psychological strength. As explained earlier in the introductory part, building up the internal strength through physical exercise, restraint of negative psyche, follow up of proper dietary regimen as per body constitution plays important role in prevention of impending disorders, and management of psychological disorders. The chapter covers a comprehensive knowledge about ways to achieve positive physical, psychological and spiritual health in holistic manner emphasizing the true essence of [[Ayurveda]].

=== Natural somatic urges, disorders due to their suppression and their management ===

=== Natural somatic urges, disorders due to their suppression and their management ===

Thirteen natural urges are categorized according to their functions. The first seven urges, micturition, defecation, ejaculation of semen, passing flatus, vomiting, sneezing, belching (eructation) are intended to expel the waste products outside body from external orifices. Next six urges, yawning, hunger, thirst, tears, sleep and exertion induced dyspnea are based upon physiological requirements of body to maintain homeostasis.  

Thirteen natural urges are categorized according to their functions. The first seven urges, micturition, defecation, ejaculation of semen, passing flatus, vomiting, sneezing, belching (eructation) are intended to expel the waste products outside body from external orifices. Next six urges, yawning, hunger, thirst, tears, sleep and exertion induced dyspnea are based upon physiological requirements of body to maintain homeostasis.  

Normally physical and mental faculties of an individual function through the interaction of [[dosha]] with [[dhatu]] and in this process, [[mala]] are formed and excreted out of the body. [[Health]] is a delicate balance between these three factors. The imbalance results in diseases. [[Mala]] is the end product of digestion and metabolism and must be excreted out at regular intervals through specific orifices. The elimination process is controlled by voluntary reflex mechanisms. These are known as [[vega]] in [[Ayurveda]]. The word [[vega]] is defined by Chakrapani as ''pravritti'' meaning action and ''unmukhatvam'' meaning those which are intended to get expelled out. The word [[vega]] itself suggests tendency to move. These can be voluntarily controlled up to certain extent. However, when there is long term voluntary suppression, specific waste products get accumulated leading to specific diseases. All urges are initiated predominantly by [[vata]] and the treatments include alleviation of [[vata]].

Normally, physical and mental faculties of an individual function through the interaction of [[dosha]] with [[dhatu]] and in this process, [[mala]] are formed and excreted out of the body. [[Health]] is a delicate balance between these three factors. The imbalance results in diseases. [[Mala]] is the end product of digestion and metabolism and must be excreted out at regular intervals through specific orifices. The elimination process is controlled by voluntary reflex mechanisms to certain extent. These are known as [[vega]] or movement. The word [[vega]] is defined by Chakrapani as ''pravritti'' meaning action and ''unmukhatvam'' meaning those which are intended to get expelled out. When there is long term voluntary suppression, specific waste products get accumulated leading to specific diseases. All urges are initiated predominantly by [[vata]] and the treatments include alleviation of [[vata]].

=== Restraint of negative psychological factors for psycho-spiritual well-being ===

=== Restraint of negative psychological factors for psycho-spiritual well-being ===

The rules to be followed in execution of mental actions, speech and physical activities have been prescribed. The character of an individual is assessed by his psyche, speech, activities and his overall behavior. The negative activities, which are harmful for one’s own character as well as social well-being, are explained in these verses. Regulations for maintaining psycho-spiritual balance have been enumerated. The basic emotions that express positive attitude need to be maintained, while those with negative origin are to be controlled and given up. These prescribed activities help towards a better development of one’s personality in this life as well as in the afterlife. The objective of this course is to achieve complete health in aspects of physical, mental and spiritual wellbeing in order to attain four [[purushartha]] viz. [[dharma]] (eternal virtuous duties), [[artha]] (wealth), [[kama]] (passion) and [[moksha]] (salvation). This also prescribes principles to be followed for the individual’s well-being during this life and after death. This is for the management of the individual’s psycho-spiritual ([[adhyatmika]]) diseases.

The character of an individual is assessed by his psyche, speech, activities and his overall behavior. The negative activities, which are harmful for one’s own character as well as social well-being, are explained. The rules for execution of mental actions, speech and physical activities have been prescribed. The basic emotions that express positive attitude need to be maintained, while those with negative origin are to be controlled and given up. These prescribed activities help towards a better development of one’s personality in this life as well as in the afterlife. The objective of this course is to achieve complete health in aspects of physical, mental and spiritual wellbeing in order to attain four [[purushartha]] viz. [[dharma]] (eternal virtuous duties), [[artha]] (wealth), [[kama]] (passion) and [[moksha]] (salvation).

=== Benefits of physical exercise and harmful effects of excessive exercise ===

=== Benefits of physical exercise and harmful effects of excessive exercise ===

=== Sequence to develop good habits and stop bad habits ===

=== Sequence to develop good habits and stop bad habits ===

It is important to know the good things and bad things to be followed by one for longevity. It is advised to gradually give up addictions and adopt wholesome habits increasingly. The protocol advised is, on the first day one should give up a quarter of the unwholesome practice (still maintaining three-fourths of it,) and correspondingly adopt a quarter of wholesome. On the second day, half of the unwholesome practice should be given up and half of the wholesome one should be adopted; this is to be continued for the third day also. On the fourth day, three-fourths of the unwholesome practice should be given up and three-fourths of the wholesome one should be adopted. This process should be continued on the fifth and sixth day also. The process of giving up of the unwholesome practice and adoption of the wholesome practice is completed fully on the seventh day.  

It is important to know the good things to be followed and avoid bad things by one for longevity. It is advised to gradually give up addictions and adopt wholesome habits increasingly. The protocol advised is, on the first day one should give up a quarter of the unwholesome practice (still maintaining three-fourths of it,) and correspondingly adopt a quarter of wholesome. On the second day, half of the unwholesome practice should be given up and half of the wholesome one should be adopted; this is to be continued for the third day also. On the fourth day, three-fourths of the unwholesome practice should be given up and three-fourths of the wholesome one should be adopted. This process should be continued on the fifth and sixth day also. The process of giving up of the unwholesome practice and adoption of the wholesome practice is completed fully on the seventh day.  

=== [[Dosha]] dominant [[prakriti]], susceptibility to disease and specific diet for prevention of diseases ===

=== [[Dosha]] dominant [[prakriti]], susceptibility to disease and specific diet for prevention of diseases ===

=== Principles of seasonal body purification for prevention of impending diseases and longevity ===

=== Principles of seasonal body purification for prevention of impending diseases and longevity ===

[[Ayurveda]] advises to follow the course prescribed for promotion of positive health in order to avoid diseases. Oleation and fomentation therapies are administered first to be followed by, emetics (for elimination of [[dosha]] from upper part of body) and purgatives (for elimination of [[dosha]] from lower part of body). Subsequently, the person should get medicated enema and nasal instillation/errhines therapies administered regularly. The time of purification to detoxify body from accumulated toxins is prescribed viz. [[vamana]] in the months of [[Chaitra]]  (approximately during March-April), [[basti]] in [[Shravana]] (approximately during July-August) and [[virechana]] in [[Margashirsha]] (approximately during November-December). It is important to follow [[rasayana]] (rejuvenation) and [[vrishya]] (aphrodisiac) medications after this course to prevent all endogenous diseases. This also maintains proper growth and development of body tissues and delays the ageing process.

[[Ayurveda]] advises to follow the course prescribed for promotion of positive health in order to avoid diseases. Oleation and fomentation therapies are administered first to be followed by, emetics (for elimination of [[dosha]] from upper part of body) and purgatives (for elimination of [[dosha]] from lower part of body). Subsequently, the person should get medicated enema and nasal instillation/errhines therapies administered regularly. The time of purification to detoxify body from accumulated toxins is prescribed viz. [[vamana]] in the months of [[Chaitra]]  (approximately during March-April), [[basti]] in [[Shravana]] (approximately during July-August) and [[virechana]] in [[Margashirsha]] (approximately during November-December). It is important to follow [[rasayana]] (rejuvenation) and [[vrishya]] (aphrodisiac) medications after this course to prevent all endogenous diseases. This also maintains proper growth and development of body tissues and delays the aging process.

=== Causes and management of exogenous diseases ===

=== Causes and management of exogenous diseases ===

Unknown etiologies for psycho-spiritual disorders, toxins, polluted air, excessive heat, assault trauma, bacterial and viral infections etc. are external etio-pathological factors for exogenous diseases. The negative psychological factors and also other mental disorders are caused by defect in the intellect. Intellect discriminates between right and wrong things to be followed. When this faculty is impaired, the person is not able to take proper decisions and this leads to consumption of improper things in diet and lifestyle which are causative factors of disease. Therefore, [[Pragyaparadha]] ( intellectual error/defect) is the important cause for diseases.

Toxins, polluted air, excessive heat, assault trauma, bacterial and viral infections etc. are external etio-pathological factors for exogenous diseases. The negative psychological factors and also other mental disorders are caused by defect in the intellect. Intellect discriminates between right and wrong things to be followed. When this faculty is impaired, the person is not able to take proper decisions and this leads to consumption of improper things in diet and lifestyle. This is called [[Pragyaparadha]] ( intellectual error/defect) and is the important cause for diseases.

The management approach includes maintaining proper restraint over sense and locomotor organs through correcting intellectual defect, memorizing proper dietary and lifestyle regimens, proper orientation of place, time and self-consciousness about modulating as per prescribed regimens. In present era, this is important to prevent infectious diseases, their spread, and management of existing infections and their recurrence.

The management approach includes maintaining proper restraint over senses and locomotor organs through correcting intellectual defect, memorizing proper dietary and lifestyle regimens, proper orientation of place, time and self-consciousness about modulating as per prescribed regimens. In present era, this is important to prevent infectious diseases, their spread, and management of existing infections and their recurrence.

=== Importance of good companions and bad companions ===

=== Importance of good companions and bad companions ===