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|title=Charak Samhita | |title=Charak Samhita | ||
|titlemode=append | |titlemode=append | ||
|keywords=Aguru, Aquilaria agallocha, Eaglewood, | |keywords= *Aguru, Aquilaria agallocha Roxb, Eaglewood* Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda, | ||
|description= | |description= Aguru (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) is traditionally classified as a vata-kapha hara, lekhana, and sugandhi (aromatic) herb, widely utilized in Ayurveda for managing skin disorders, rheumatic conditions, foul odors, and neurological ailments. | ||
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg | |image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg | ||
|image_alt= | |image_alt=charak samhita | ||
|type=article | |type=article | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox | ||
Revision as of 17:56, 30 September 2026
| Section/Chapter | Herb database/aguru |
|---|---|
| Botanical name(s) | Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. (syn. Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.) |
| Family | Thymelaeaceae |
| Availability | Available |
| Contributors | Team Dravyaguna |
| Year of publication | 2026 |
| Publisher | Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre |
| DOI | Awaited |
Aguru (Latin: Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., syn. Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.; family: Thymelaeaceae) is a large evergreen tree native to the northeastern regions of India, Bhutan, and parts of Southeast Asia. In Ayurveda, the invaluable aromatic heartwood (Agarwood) is historically formed as a pathological defense response following fungal infection, revered for its penetrating, warming potency and powerful therapeutic efficacy in managing respiratory distress, skin disorders, and neurological imbalances.[1]
Botanical & Vernacular Names
- Botanical Name: Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. (syn. Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.)
- Family: Thymelaeaceae
- English Names: Eaglewood, Agarwood, Aloeswood
- Sanskrit / Classical Names: Aguru, Pravara, Loha, Rajarha, Yogaja, Vashik, Krumija
- Hindi: Agaru, Agar
- Bengali: Agor, Agar
- Assamese: Sasi, Agaru
Synonyms in Classical Texts
- Synonyms in Charak Samhita:
- Aguru – Classical designation.
- Pravara – Denotes its status as a potent and superior drug.
- Loha – Refers to the heavy, dense resinous heartwood that sinks in water.
- Rajarha – Valued and fit for royalty due to its exquisite fragrance.
- Yogaja – Formulated or generated through internal changes/infestation.
- Vashik – Possessing soothing and controlling attributes.
- Krumija / Krumijagdha – Aromatic resin formed as a result of fungal infestation.
- Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu:[2]
- Anaaryaka – Plant commonly growing in the hilly regions of the northeastern parts of India.
Varieties
Raja Nighantu
Five varieties are mentioned:[3]
- Swadu
- Krushnagaru
- Kaasthagaru
- Daahaagaru
- Maangalyaagaru
Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties
According to classical Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics (Rasa Panchaka), Aguru possesses a hot potency and pungent-bitter taste profile, making it highly effective in pacifying Kapha and Vata doshas:[1]
| Sr. No. | Pharmacological Criteria | Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taste (Rasa) | Bitter (Tikta), Pungent (Katu) |
| 2 | Potency (Veerya) | Hot (Ushna) |
| 3 | Post-digestion Effect (Vipaka) | Pungent (Katu) |
| 4 | Qualities (Guna) | Light (Laghu), Rough (Ruksha), Sharpness (Tikshna) |
| 5 | Dosha Action (Karma) | Pacifies Kapha and Vata (Kapha-Vatahara) |
References in Charak Samhita and its Actions
Aguru is prominently documented across multiple therapeutic chapters of the Charaka Samhita:
| Sr. No. | Reference in Charak Samhita | Activity / Formulation / Therapeutic Use |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(37) | Shwasahara mahakashaya (relieving respiratory distress) |
| 2 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(42) | Sheetaprashamana mahakashaya (pacifying cold) |
| 3 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 5/21 | Dhuma varti dravya (ingredient of therapeutic inhalation for disease prevention) |
| 4 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 5/26 | Vairechanika dhuma varti (ingredient of smoke inhalation with unctuous substances) |
| 5 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 5/63 | Anu taila dravya |
| 6 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 6/16 | Vihara in Hemanta Rutu |
| 7 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 6/25 | Vihara in Vasanta Rutu |
| 8 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 25/40 | Agrya Sangraha (collections of best food articles, factors and drugs) |
| 9 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 26/49 | Veerya varnan |
| 10 | Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/143 | Tiktaskandha (group of bitter drugs) |
| 11 | Cha.Sa.Sharira Sthana 8/41 | Prajata stree paricharya / Apara patana (post-delivery management) |
| 12 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 6/28 | Used for decoction in Kaphaj prameh (diabetes) |
| 13 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/36 | Ingredient in Punarnavadhyarisht |
| 14 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/65 | For Lepa, Abhyangadi Bahyaprayogarth (external applications) |
| 15 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/70 | As a Lepa dravya in Kaphaj Shvayathu (swelling) |
| 16 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/148 | As an ingredient of Madhookasava |
| 17 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/163 | As an ingredient of Madhvarista |
| 18 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/80 | Used for shodhanottara dhumpana |
| 19 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/123 | As an ingredient of satyadi churna |
| 20 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 23/77 | As an ingredient of Mahagandha hasti agada |
| 21 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 23/231 | Used in the treatment of animals suffering with poison |
| 22 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 25/91 | As an ingredient of Kampillakadi taila |
| 23 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/182 | Used in Kaphaja sira shoola for dhoomavarti |
| 24 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/188 | As an ingredient of Pippalyadi churna for kavala karma (gargling) |
| 25 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/209 | As an ingredient of Khadiradi gutika |
| 26 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/270 | As an ingredient of Mahaneela taila |
| 27 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/41 | As an ingredient of Piluparnyadi Yoga |
| 28 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/54 | As an ingredient of Vatsakadi Pralepa (external application) |
| 29 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/150 | As an ingredient of Bala taila |
| 30 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/168 | As an ingredient of Mulakadhya taila |
| 31 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/179 | Agurvadi taila is useful in Vata vyadhi |
| 32 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/92 | As an ingredient of Madhuparnyadi taila |
| 33 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/107 | As an ingredient of Amrutadhya taila |
| 34 | Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 1/23 | Vamanarth (for emesis) |
| 35 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 1/1/58 | In formulation of dwitiya brahma rasayana |
| 36 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 2/3/28 | As a mood enhancer |
Therapeutic Indications (Classical)
Aguru is traditionally indicated in the clinical management of:[1]
- Akshiroga (Eye diseases)
- Swasa (Dyspnea / Respiratory distress)
- Karna roga (Ear diseases)
- Kustha (Dermatological disorders / Skin diseases)
- Visa (Toxic conditions / Poisoning)
Dosage & Administration
- Powder (Churna): 1 – 3 g daily in divided doses.[1]
Classical Formulations
- Madhukasava
- Mrudvikasava
- Karpuradyarka
- Chyavanprasa avaleha
- Anu taila
- Chandanadi taila
- Khadiradi gutika
- Swasahara kashaya churna
- Guduchyadi taila
Current Researches
Phytochemical Composition
Modern phytochemical profiling of Aquilaria agallocha resinous heartwood reveals a dense matrix of active constituents:
- Sesquiterpenes: Alpha-guaiene, beta-elemene, agarospirol, valencene, and jinkoh-eremol.
- Chromones: 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone derivatives and flindersia-type chromones imparting stability and aroma.
- Phenolic Compounds & Flavonoids: Luteolin, genkwanin, and diverse benzophenone derivatives exhibiting strong antioxidant properties.
Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy
- Anti-Inflammatory & Analgesic Efficacy: Sesquiterpenes and chromones inhibit lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways, suppressing inflammatory mediators.[4]
- Neuroprotective & Anxiolytic Actions: Volatile sesquiterpenes cross the blood-brain barrier, interacting positively with GABAergic receptor systems to moderate central nervous system excitability.[4]
- Antimicrobial & Antioxidant Properties: Phenolic fractions and oxygenated sesquiterpenes disrupt microbial membrane integrity while scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), validating its efficacy against skin pathogens.[4]
Current Availability
- Available in India, particularly in the Himalayan region, Assam, and Manipur.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. 4 (Part I ed.). Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. 1986. p. 02.
- ↑ Chunekar, Krushnachandra (2020). Bhavaprakash Nighantu (Reprint ed.). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy. pp. Karpuradi varga, verse no.– 21, 22.
- ↑ Tripathi, Indradev (2006). Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narhari. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy. pp. Chandanadi varga verse no– 85, 87, 89, 91, 92.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Pharmacological evaluation and phytochemical constituents of Aquilaria agallocha". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2021.
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