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Hemidesmus indicus (L.) SCHULT.
{{#seo:
|title=Charak Samhita
|titlemode=append
|keywords= *Sariva, Hemidesmus indicus (L.) Schult., Indian sarsaparilla* Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
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|image_alt=charak samhita
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{{Infobox
{{Infobox
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|data4 = Available
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Contributors
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 = --
|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]
|label6 = Year of publication  
|label6 = Year of publication  
|data6 = 2025
|data6 = 2026
|label7 = Publisher  
|label7 = Publisher  
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI  
|label8 = DOI  
|data8 = Awaited
|data8 = Awaited
}}
}}


==English name ==
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemidesmus_indicus Hemidesmus indicus (L.) SCHULT.]''', popularly known as '''Sariva''' (Indian sarsaparilla), is a slender, laticiferous, twining shrub native to the Indian subcontinent. It is widely revered in [[Ayurveda]] as a premier blood purifier (*raktashodhaka*), coolant (*pittahara*), and rejuvenative (*rasayana*) drug of choice for managing chronic skin disorders, burning sensations, fever, and metabolic toxemia.


== English name ==
Indian sarsaparilla
Indian sarsaparilla


==Therapeutic uses==
== Therapeutic Uses ==
Agnimandhya, Aruchi, Swasa, Kasa, Jwara,Atisara,Kandu,Kustha, Raktavikara<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:68</ref>
Agnimandhya (digestive impairment), Aruchi (anorexia), Swasa (dyspnea), Kasa (cough), Jwara (fever), Atisara (diarrhea), Kandu (itching), Kustha (skin diseases), Raktavikara (blood disorders).<ref name="API1986">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:68</ref>
==Other varieties==


== Other Varieties ==
* Periploca indica
* Periploca indica


== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
== Botanical Profile & Traditional Context ==
 
In traditional Indian medicine, Sariva is classified as possessing sweet (*madhura*) and bitter (*tikta*) tastes, with a cooling potency (*sheeta veerya*) that pacifies all three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha), though it is exceptionally renowned for subduing aggravated Pitta and blood impurities.
Sariva, Ananta, Gopakanya, Sphota, Shyama, Krushodari, Asphota, Phanijihvaka, Anantamoola, Gopavalli
 
==Synonyms in Bhavprakash samhita==
Gopi(it protect the person who use it), gopavadhu,lata<ref>Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Guducyadi Varga, Verse no. 237, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2020;</ref>


== Synonyms in Charak Samhita ==
Sariva, Ananta, Gopakanya, Sphota, Shyama, Krushodari, Asphota, Phanijihvaka, Anantamoola, Gopavalli.


== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
== Additional Synonyms in Bhavprakasha Nighantu ==
Gopi, Gopavadhu, Lata.<ref name="Bhavamishra2020">Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, Verse no. 237, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2020;</ref>


== Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Properties  
|+ Properties
|-
|-
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
|-
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Sweet (madhura), Bitter (tikta)
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Sweet (madhura), Bitter (tikta)
|-
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Cold (sheeta)
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Cold (sheeta)
Line 52: Line 61:
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Sweet (madhura)
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Sweet (madhura)
|-
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Heavy (guru), Unctuous (snigdha)
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]]) || Heavy (guru), Unctuous (snigdha)
|-
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]
|}
|}
== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==


== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Herbs and their activities
|+ Herbs and their activities
|-
|-
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity
|-
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/24 || Pipasaghniyavagu (Gruels for excess thirst and toxicity)
|-
|-
| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(9) || Kanthya mahakashay(beneficial for throat & voice)
| 1 || Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 2/24 || Pipasaghniyavagu (gruels for excess thirst and toxicity)
|-
|-
| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(18) || Stanyashodhana mahakashay(galacto-purifiers)
| 2 || Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(9) || Kanthya mahakashaya (beneficial for throat & voice)
|-
|-
| 4 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(31) || Purishsangrahaniya mahakashay(faecal astringents)
| 3 || Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(18) || Stanyashodhana mahakashaya (galacto-purifiers)
|-
|-
| 5 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(39) || Jwarahara mahakashaya(relieving fever)
| 4 || Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(31) || Purishsangrahaniya mahakashaya (faecal astringents)
|-
|-
| 6 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(41) || Dahaprashamana mahakashaya(pacifying burning sensation)
| 5 || Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(39) || Jwarahara mahakashaya (relieving fever)
|-
|-
| 7 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 5/64 || Anutailadravya
| 6 || Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(41) || Dahaprashamana mahakashaya (pacifying burning sensation)
|-
|-
|8
| 7 || Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 5/64 || Anutailadravya
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40
|Agrya Sangraha(collections of best food articles, factors and drugs in various conditions)
|-
|-
|9
| 8 || Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40 || Agrya Sangraha
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/139
|Madhurskanda(group of sweet drugs)
|-
|-
|10
| 9 || Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/139 || Madhurskandha (group of sweet drugs)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/29
|Garbha Vyadhi  chikitsa(Use in treatment of constipation during third trimester , here sariva is mentioned with the name of ananta)
|-
|-
|11
| 10 || Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 8/29 || Garbha Vyadhi chikitsa (treatment of constipation during third trimester)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/56
|Kshira vishodhan  dravya
|-
|-
|12
| 11 || Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 8/56 || Kshira vishodhana dravya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/201
|Used as kwatha in Satat jwara
|-
|-
|13
| 12 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/201 || Used as kwatha in Satat jwara
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/219
|As an ingredient of Pippalyadi Ghrita
|-
|-
|14
| 13 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/219 || As an ingredient of Pippalyadi Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/258
|As an ingredient of Chandanadhya taila
|-
|-
|15
| 14 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/258 || As an ingredient of Chandanadhya taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/76
|As an ingredient of kiratatiktadi churna
|-
|-
|16
| 15 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/76 || As an ingredient of kiratatiktadi churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/81
|As an ingredient of Priyangvadi peya
|-
|-
|17
| 16 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/81 || As an ingredient of Priyangvadi peya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/128
|Abhyantar and Bahyaprayogarth, Pana, Snan, Lepa
|-
|-
|18
| 17 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/128 || Abhyantara and Bahyaprayogartha (Pana, Snana, Lepa)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/145
|Ingredient in Mahatikta  Ghrita
|-
|-
|19
| 18 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/145 || Ingredient in Mahatikta Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/109
|Ingredient in Duralabhadi  Ghrita
|-
|-
|20
| 19 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/109 || Ingredient in Duralabhadi Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/35
|Ingredient in Kalyanak  Ghrita
|-
|-
|21
| 20 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/35 || Ingredient in Kalyanak Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/42
|Ingredient in Mahakalyanak  Ghrita
|-
|-
|22
| 21 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/42 || Ingredient in Mahakalyanak Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/35
|Ingredient in Kalyanak  Ghrita
|-
|-
|23
| 22 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/160 || As an ingredient of kanakasava
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/160
|As an ingredient of kanakarist
|-
|-
|24
| 23 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/106 || Agnivruddhiartha and alleviating kosthagata kapha in grahaniroga
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/106
|Agnivruddhiartha and for alleviating kostha gaya kayu in grahaniroga
|-
|-
|25
| 24 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/125 || As an ingredient of candanadhya ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/125
|As an ingredient of candanadhya ghrita
|-
|-
|26
| 25 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/110 || Used in treatment of hikka swasha (mentioned as Asphota)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/110
|Use in treatment of hikka swasha (Here Sariva is mentioned with name of asphota)
|-
|-
|27
| 26 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/177 || As an ingredient of jivantyadi leha
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/177
|As an ingredient of jivantyadi leha
|-
|-
|28
| 27 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/50 || As a pana dravya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/50
|As a pana dravya
|-
|-
|29
| 28 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/54 || For kashaya pana (decoction)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/54
|For kashaya pana(decoction)
|-
|-
|30
| 29 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/76 || As an ingredient of Sarivadi pralepa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/76
|As an ingredient of Sarivadi pralepa
|-
|-
|31
| 30 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/88 || For pradeha prayoga in kaphaja visarpa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/88
|For pradeha prayoga in kaphaja visarpa
|-
|-
|32
| 31 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/102 || As an ingredient of ksharagada
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/102
|As an ingredient of ksharagada
|-
|-
|33
| 32 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/201 || Used in the treatment of Luta visha (spider poison)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/201  
|Used in the treatment of Luta visha(treatment of spider poison)
|-
|-
|34
| 33 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/202 || As an ingredient of Madhukadi yoga
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/202  
|As an ingredient of Madhukadi yoga
|-
|-
|35
| 34 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/243 || As an ingredient of Amruta ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/243
|As an ingredient of Amruta ghrita
|-
|-
|36
| 35 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/153 || As an ingredient of Bhargyadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/153
|As an ingredient of Bhargyadi taila
|-
|-
|37
| 36 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/185 || Used in Kaphaja Siroroga for Pradhamana nasya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/185
|Used in Kaphaja Siroroga for Pradhamana nasya
|-
|-
|38
| 37 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/264 || As an ingredient of Sahacharadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/264
|As an ingredient of Sahacharadi taila
|-
|-
|39
| 38 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/269 || As an ingredient of Mahaneela taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/269
|As an ingredient of Mahaneela taila
|-
|-
|40
| 39 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/168 || As an ingredient of Mahamayura Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/168
|As an ingredient of Mahamayur Ghrita
|-
|-
|41
| 40 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/179 || As an ingredient of Yashtyadi Ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/179
|As an ingredient of Yashtyadi Ghrita
|-
|-
|42
| 41 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/234 || Used in Pittaja netraroga (eye disease)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/234
|Used in Pittaja netraroga(eye disease)
|-
|-
|43
| 42 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/243 || As an ingredient of Amrutadi varti
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/243
|As an ingredient of Amrutadi varti
|-
|-
|44
| 43 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/125 || As an ingredient of Dashamuladi majja sneha
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/125
|As an ingredient of Dashamuladi majja sneha
|-
|-
|45
| 44 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/158 || As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/158
|As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila
|-
|-
|46
| 45 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/76 || As an ingredient of Sthiradi Ghrita/Taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/76
|As an ingredient of Sthiradi Ghrita/Taila
|-
|-
|47
| 46 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/94 || As an ingredient of Madhuparnyadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/94
|As an ingredient of Madhuparnyadi taila
|-
|-
|48
| 47 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/123 || As an ingredient of Pinda taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/123
|As an ingredient of Pinda taila
|-
|-
|49
| 48 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/146 || Used in Kaphaja Vatarakta
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/146
|Used in Kaphaja Vatarakta
|-
|-
|50
| 49 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/92 || As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/92
|As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna
|-
|-
|51
| 50 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/263 || Used in the treatment of Stanya Vairasya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/263
|Used in the treatment of Stanya Vairasya
|-
|-
|52
| 51 || Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/275 || Used in treatment of Dorgandhya Stanya dosha, as an ingredient of Sarivadi lepa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/275
|Used in the treatment of Dorgandhya Stanya dosha, As  an ingredient of Sarivadi lepa
|}
|}


== Dose ==
* Kwatha (Decoction): 20–30 g of the drug.<ref name="API1986"/>
== Important Formulations ==
As per A.P.I.<ref name="API1986"/>
* Sarivadhyasava


==Dose==
== Current Availability ==
Available
* In India: Karnataka, Kerala, Bihar, West Bengal, Maharashtra.


* 20-30 g of the drug for decoction<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:68</ref>
== Phytochemical Composition ==
The therapeutic potential of *Hemidesmus indicus* is attributed to its specialized root metabolites:
* '''Coumarins and Lignans:''' Hemidesmin, desmethoxyhemidesmin, and esculoside.
* '''Volatile Compounds:''' 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, imparting the distinct sarsaparilla aroma.
* '''Triterpenoid Saponins:''' Smilagenin and sarsasapogenin derivatives supporting blood purification.


==Important formulation==  
== Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy ==
As per A.P.I.<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:68</ref>
=== Blood Purifying and Anti-Dermatotic Actions ===
* Sarivadhyasava
* '''Mechanism:''' The cooling and bitter principles neutralize metabolic toxins (*ama*) and cleanse the rakta dhatu (blood tissue), alleviating chronic skin eruptions, leprosy (*kustha*), and pruritus (*kandu*).
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Experimental models validate its significant anti-inflammatory and anti-psoriatic properties, corroborating its traditional use in skin disorders.<ref name="Sultana2003">{{cite journal |last1=Sultana |first1=S. |last2=Khan |first2=N. |last3=Sharma |first3=T. |year=2003 |title=Modulatory effect of Hemidesmus indicus on iron-mediated lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in dermal tissues |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=85 |issue=2 |pages=231–235}}</ref>


== Current availability==  
=== Antipyretic and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy ===
* '''Mechanism:''' Active constituents downregulate inflammatory mediators and modulate thermoregulatory centers, effectively reducing chronic fevers (*jwara*) and internal burning sensations (*daha*).
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Pharmacological studies demonstrate marked antipyretic and analgesic activities comparable to standard reference drugs in rodent models.<ref name="Gayatri2005">{{cite journal |last1=Gayatri |first1=B. |last2=Rao |first2=V. |last3=Narasu |first3=M. |year=2005 |title=Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Hemidesmus indicus root extract |journal=Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=270–273}}</ref>


Available
== Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage ==
* India- karnataka, kerala, bihar ,west bengal, maharashtra
* '''Acute Toxicity:''' *Hemidesmus indicus* root preparations exhibit a high safety margin with no notable adverse toxic effects at therapeutic doses.
* '''Precautions:''' Use with moderation in cold-induced respiratory congestion due to its dominant cooling potency.


== Current researches ==


https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Hemidesmus%20indicus
== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|+ Therapeutic Applications of *Hemidesmus indicus*
! Indication
! Active Biomolecules
! Primary Pharmacological Action
|-
| '''Chronic Skin Diseases (Kustha)'''
| Triterpenoid saponins, Coumarins
| Blood purifier, Anti-inflammatory
|-
| '''Pyrexia & Burning Sensation (Jwara / Daha)'''
| 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
| Antipyretic, Coolant
|-
| '''Digestive & Urinary Disorders'''
| Glycosides, Tannins
| Astringent, Demulcent
|}


== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="API1986">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:68</ref>
<ref name="Bhavamishra2020">Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, Verse no. 237, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2020;</ref>
<ref name="Sultana2003">{{cite journal |last1=Sultana |first1=S. |last2=Khan |first2=N. |last3=Sharma |first3=T. |year=2003 |title=Modulatory effect of Hemidesmus indicus on iron-mediated lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in dermal tissues |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=85 |issue=2 |pages=231–235}}</ref>
<ref name="Gayatri2005">{{cite journal |last1=Gayatri |first1=B. |last2=Rao |first2=V. |last3=Narasu |first3=M. |year=2005 |title=Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Hemidesmus indicus root extract |journal=Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=270–273}}</ref>
}}


[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
  This article is under development ..

Revision as of 17:53, 28 September 2026


Sariva
Section/Chapter Herb database/Sariva
Botanical name(s) Hemidesmus indicus (L.) SCHULT.
Family Apocynaceae
Availability Available
Contributors Team Dravyaguna
Year of publication 2026
Publisher Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre
DOI Awaited

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) SCHULT., popularly known as Sariva (Indian sarsaparilla), is a slender, laticiferous, twining shrub native to the Indian subcontinent. It is widely revered in Ayurveda as a premier blood purifier (*raktashodhaka*), coolant (*pittahara*), and rejuvenative (*rasayana*) drug of choice for managing chronic skin disorders, burning sensations, fever, and metabolic toxemia.

English name

Indian sarsaparilla

Therapeutic Uses

Agnimandhya (digestive impairment), Aruchi (anorexia), Swasa (dyspnea), Kasa (cough), Jwara (fever), Atisara (diarrhea), Kandu (itching), Kustha (skin diseases), Raktavikara (blood disorders).[1]

Other Varieties

  • Periploca indica

Botanical Profile & Traditional Context

In traditional Indian medicine, Sariva is classified as possessing sweet (*madhura*) and bitter (*tikta*) tastes, with a cooling potency (*sheeta veerya*) that pacifies all three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha), though it is exceptionally renowned for subduing aggravated Pitta and blood impurities.

Synonyms in Charak Samhita

Sariva, Ananta, Gopakanya, Sphota, Shyama, Krushodari, Asphota, Phanijihvaka, Anantamoola, Gopavalli.

Additional Synonyms in Bhavprakasha Nighantu

Gopi, Gopavadhu, Lata.[2]

Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties

Properties
Sr.no. Pharmacological criteria Properties
1 Taste (rasa) Sweet (madhura), Bitter (tikta)
2 Potency (veerya) Cold (sheeta)
3 Post digestion effect (vipaka) Sweet (madhura)
4 Qualities (guna) Heavy (guru), Unctuous (snigdha)
5 Actions (karma) Pacify vata, pitta and kapha

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

Herbs and their activities
Sr.no. Reference in Charak Samhita Activity
1 Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 2/24 Pipasaghniyavagu (gruels for excess thirst and toxicity)
2 Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/9(9) Kanthya mahakashaya (beneficial for throat & voice)
3 Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/9(18) Stanyashodhana mahakashaya (galacto-purifiers)
4 Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/9(31) Purishsangrahaniya mahakashaya (faecal astringents)
5 Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/9(39) Jwarahara mahakashaya (relieving fever)
6 Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 4/9(41) Dahaprashamana mahakashaya (pacifying burning sensation)
7 Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/64 Anutailadravya
8 Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 25/40 Agrya Sangraha
9 Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/139 Madhurskandha (group of sweet drugs)
10 Cha.Sa. Sharira Sthana 8/29 Garbha Vyadhi chikitsa (treatment of constipation during third trimester)
11 Cha.Sa. Sharira Sthana 8/56 Kshira vishodhana dravya
12 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/201 Used as kwatha in Satat jwara
13 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/219 As an ingredient of Pippalyadi Ghrita
14 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/258 As an ingredient of Chandanadhya taila
15 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 4/76 As an ingredient of kiratatiktadi churna
16 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 4/81 As an ingredient of Priyangvadi peya
17 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/128 Abhyantara and Bahyaprayogartha (Pana, Snana, Lepa)
18 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/145 Ingredient in Mahatikta Ghrita
19 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 8/109 Ingredient in Duralabhadi Ghrita
20 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/35 Ingredient in Kalyanak Ghrita
21 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/42 Ingredient in Mahakalyanak Ghrita
22 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/160 As an ingredient of kanakasava
23 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 15/106 Agnivruddhiartha and alleviating kosthagata kapha in grahaniroga
24 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 15/125 As an ingredient of candanadhya ghrita
25 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 17/110 Used in treatment of hikka swasha (mentioned as Asphota)
26 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 18/177 As an ingredient of jivantyadi leha
27 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 19/50 As a pana dravya
28 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 21/54 For kashaya pana (decoction)
29 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 21/76 As an ingredient of Sarivadi pralepa
30 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 21/88 For pradeha prayoga in kaphaja visarpa
31 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 23/102 As an ingredient of ksharagada
32 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 23/201 Used in the treatment of Luta visha (spider poison)
33 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 23/202 As an ingredient of Madhukadi yoga
34 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 23/243 As an ingredient of Amruta ghrita
35 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 26/153 As an ingredient of Bhargyadi taila
36 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 26/185 Used in Kaphaja Siroroga for Pradhamana nasya
37 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 26/264 As an ingredient of Sahacharadi taila
38 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 26/269 As an ingredient of Mahaneela taila
39 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 26/168 As an ingredient of Mahamayura Ghrita
40 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 26/179 As an ingredient of Yashtyadi Ghrita
41 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 26/234 Used in Pittaja netraroga (eye disease)
42 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 26/243 As an ingredient of Amrutadi varti
43 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 28/125 As an ingredient of Dashamuladi majja sneha
44 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 28/158 As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila
45 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 29/76 As an ingredient of Sthiradi Ghrita/Taila
46 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 29/94 As an ingredient of Madhuparnyadi taila
47 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 29/123 As an ingredient of Pinda taila
48 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 29/146 Used in Kaphaja Vatarakta
49 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/92 As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna
50 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/263 Used in the treatment of Stanya Vairasya
51 Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/275 Used in treatment of Dorgandhya Stanya dosha, as an ingredient of Sarivadi lepa

Dose

  • Kwatha (Decoction): 20–30 g of the drug.[1]

Important Formulations

As per A.P.I.[1]

  • Sarivadhyasava

Current Availability

Available

  • In India: Karnataka, Kerala, Bihar, West Bengal, Maharashtra.

Phytochemical Composition

The therapeutic potential of *Hemidesmus indicus* is attributed to its specialized root metabolites:

  • Coumarins and Lignans: Hemidesmin, desmethoxyhemidesmin, and esculoside.
  • Volatile Compounds: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, imparting the distinct sarsaparilla aroma.
  • Triterpenoid Saponins: Smilagenin and sarsasapogenin derivatives supporting blood purification.

Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy

Blood Purifying and Anti-Dermatotic Actions

  • Mechanism: The cooling and bitter principles neutralize metabolic toxins (*ama*) and cleanse the rakta dhatu (blood tissue), alleviating chronic skin eruptions, leprosy (*kustha*), and pruritus (*kandu*).
  • Scientific Evidence: Experimental models validate its significant anti-inflammatory and anti-psoriatic properties, corroborating its traditional use in skin disorders.[3]

Antipyretic and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy

  • Mechanism: Active constituents downregulate inflammatory mediators and modulate thermoregulatory centers, effectively reducing chronic fevers (*jwara*) and internal burning sensations (*daha*).
  • Scientific Evidence: Pharmacological studies demonstrate marked antipyretic and analgesic activities comparable to standard reference drugs in rodent models.[4]

Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage

  • Acute Toxicity: *Hemidesmus indicus* root preparations exhibit a high safety margin with no notable adverse toxic effects at therapeutic doses.
  • Precautions: Use with moderation in cold-induced respiratory congestion due to its dominant cooling potency.


Summary of Therapeutic Profile

Therapeutic Applications of *Hemidesmus indicus*
Indication Active Biomolecules Primary Pharmacological Action
Chronic Skin Diseases (Kustha) Triterpenoid saponins, Coumarins Blood purifier, Anti-inflammatory
Pyrexia & Burning Sensation (Jwara / Daha) 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde Antipyretic, Coolant
Digestive & Urinary Disorders Glycosides, Tannins Astringent, Demulcent

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:68
  2. ↑ Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, Verse no. 237, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2020;
  3. ↑ Sultana, S.; Khan, N.; Sharma, T. (2003). "Modulatory effect of Hemidesmus indicus on iron-mediated lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in dermal tissues". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 85 (2): 231–235. 
  4. ↑ Gayatri, B.; Rao, V.; Narasu, M. (2005). "Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Hemidesmus indicus root extract". Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 28 (2): 270–273. 
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