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Cassia tora L. | {{#seo: | ||
|title=Charak Samhita | |||
|titlemode=append | |||
|keywords= *Edagaja, Cassia tora L., ring-worm plant* Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda, | |||
|description= Edagaja (Cassia tora L.) is a classical Ayurvedic herb used for skin diseases (kushtha, dadru), itching, wounds and constipation; experimental studies report antifungal, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. | |||
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg | |||
|image_alt=charak samhita | |||
|type=article | |||
}} | |||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_tora Cassia tora L.] | |||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox | ||
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|data1 = Herb database/Edagaja | |data1 = Herb database/Edagaja | ||
|label2 = Botanical name(s) | |label2 = Botanical name(s) | ||
|data2 = Cassia tora L. | |data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_tora Cassia tora L.] | ||
|label3 = Family | |label3 = Family | ||
|data3 = Fabaceae | |data3 = Fabaceae | ||
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|data4 = Available | |data4 = Available | ||
|label5 = Contributors | |label5 = Contributors | ||
|data5 = | |data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]] | ||
|label6 = Year of publication | |label6 = Year of publication | ||
|data6 = | |data6 = 2026 | ||
|label7 = Publisher | |label7 = Publisher | ||
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]] | |data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]] | ||
| Line 20: | Line 30: | ||
|data8 = Awaited | |data8 = Awaited | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_tora Cassia tora L.]''' (commonly known as '''Edagaja''', '''Chakramarda''', or the ring-worm plant) is an annual herbaceous plant widely distributed throughout tropical regions. In [[Ayurveda]] it is used for skin disorders ([[Kushtha]]), ringworm (Dadru), itching and constipation. | |||
==English name == | ==English name == | ||
Ring-worm plant | Ring-worm plant | ||
==Therapeutic uses | ==Therapeutic uses== | ||
Kaphavata janya vikara, kustha(skin disease), vrana(wound),dadru( | Kaphavata janya vikara, kustha (skin disease), vrana (wound), dadru (tinea), pakshaghata (paralysis), vibandha (constipation), gulma (abdominal lump), krumi (worm), pama (scabies), kandu (itching), swasa (breathlessness), kasa (cough)<ref name="API1986">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :69</ref> | ||
==Synonyms in Charak Samhita== | ==Synonyms in Charak Samhita== | ||
Edagaja, Chakramarda | Edagaja, Chakramarda | ||
==Synonyms in | ==Synonyms in bhavprakasa nighantu== | ||
Prapunnata, dadrudhna, meshalochana, punnata<ref name="Chunekar2020">Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, haritakyadi varga, verse no.-210</ref> | |||
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties == | == Ayurvedic pharmacological properties == | ||
| Line 62: | Line 72: | ||
| 1 | | 1 | ||
| Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/3 | | Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/3 | ||
| Siddhatama churna pradeha(external application) | | Siddhatama churna pradeha (external application) | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Dose | ==Dose== | ||
* 1-3 gm of powder | * 1-3 gm of powder<ref name="API1986"/> | ||
==Important formulation | ==Important formulation== | ||
As per A.P.I.<ref name="API1986"/> | |||
* Nimbadi churna | * Nimbadi churna | ||
* Kasisadi ghruta | * Kasisadi ghruta | ||
| Line 74: | Line 85: | ||
* Bruhata marichyadi taila | * Bruhata marichyadi taila | ||
== Current availability== | == Current availability== | ||
Available | |||
* India – throughout India in waste places and roadsides. | |||
== Current researches == | == Current researches == | ||
== Phytoconstituents == | |||
Only constituents supported by a checked reference are listed (one reference per class). | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Phytoconstituents of ''Cassia tora'' | |||
! Class !! Reported constituents !! Plant part !! Reference | |||
|- | |||
| Anthraquinones and related compounds || Chrysophanol (marker constituent), physcion, emodin, toralactone, rubrofusarin; seeds mainly anthraquinone glycosides; leaves rich in emodin, tricontan-1-ol and stigmasterol || Seeds, leaves || <ref name="Jain2010">Jain S, Patil UK. Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Cassia tora Linn.: an overview. Indian J Nat Prod Resour. 2010;1(4):430–437.</ref> | |||
|} | |||
== Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy == | |||
All findings below come from animal or ''in vitro'' experiments; no human clinical trial was identified during reference checking. The classical uses not listed below (for example vibandha and kandu) have no checked modern reference here. | |||
=== Antifungal Activity (Dadru) === | |||
An 80% ethanolic extract of the seeds was fractionated and analysed by HPLC; four anthraquinones (aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion) were identified. The extract and its subfractions were tested against ''Trichophyton mentagrophytes'' (a dermatophyte) by broth microdilution; the anthraquinone-rich subfractions inhibited the fungus about 4 to 8 times more strongly than the crude extract, but less potently than ketoconazole (MIC 125 versus 20 as printed in the abstract).<ref name="Charoenchai2018">Charoenchai L, Chankana N. Identification of anthraquinones from Cassia tora L. seeds and antifungal activity. Interprof J Health Sci. 2018;16(1).</ref> | |||
=== Hepatoprotective Activity === | |||
A methanolic leaf extract (400 mg/kg, orally) protected rats against carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury, lowering serum SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase; the effect was comparable to a standard hepatoprotective agent.<ref name="Maity1997">Maity TK, Mandal SC, Mukherjee PK, Saha K, Das J, Saha BP, Pal M. Evaluation of hepatoprotective potential of Cassia tora leaf extract. Nat Prod Sci. 1997;3(2):122–126.</ref> | |||
=== Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity === | |||
In a master's thesis (not a journal article), a methanolic leaf extract given intraperitoneally (100–200 mg/kg) reduced egg-albumin-induced paw oedema in rats, comparable to aspirin (150 mg/kg). At 200–400 mg/kg it reduced acetic-acid-induced writhing in mice comparably to aspirin, and at 50–100 mg/kg it increased tolerance of mechanical pain in a dose-dependent manner. This is thesis-level evidence and should be confirmed by peer-reviewed studies.<ref name="Chidume2000">Chidume FC. Immunogenic and some pharmacological activities of crude extracts of Cassia tora Linn (Family: Caesalpiniaceae). MSc thesis, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; 2000.</ref> | |||
== Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage == | |||
* '''Toxicity:''' Limited toxicity data were found in the sources checked, so no safety margin is stated here. | |||
* '''Precautions:''' Use under clinical guidance, particularly in pregnancy and lactation; human safety data were not found in the sources checked. | |||
* '''Classical dose:''' 1–3 g of powder (see Dose above). | |||
== Summary of Therapeutic Profile == | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;" | |||
|+ Experimental evidence for ''Cassia tora'' (see sections above for references) | |||
! Indication !! Part and extract !! Principal finding | |||
|- | |||
| '''Dermatophytosis (Dadru)''' || Seed, 80% ethanol extract and subfractions || Inhibited ''T. mentagrophytes'' ''in vitro''; anthraquinone-rich fractions more active than crude extract | |||
|- | |||
| '''Chemical liver injury (rat)''' || Leaf, methanolic, 400 mg/kg orally || Lower SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin and ALP | |||
|- | |||
| '''Inflammation and pain (rat, mouse)''' || Leaf, methanolic, i.p. (thesis) || Reduced oedema and writhing; raised mechanical pain tolerance | |||
|} | |||
== References == | |||
{{Reflist|refs= | |||
<ref name="API1986">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :69</ref> | |||
<ref name="Chunekar2020">Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, haritakyadi varga, verse no.-210</ref> | |||
}} | |||
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]] | [[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:39, 8 October 2026
| Section/Chapter | Herb database/Edagaja |
|---|---|
| Botanical name(s) | Cassia tora L. |
| Family | Fabaceae |
| Availability | Available |
| Contributors | Team Dravyaguna |
| Year of publication | 2026 |
| Publisher | Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre |
| DOI | Awaited |
Cassia tora L. (commonly known as Edagaja, Chakramarda, or the ring-worm plant) is an annual herbaceous plant widely distributed throughout tropical regions. In Ayurveda it is used for skin disorders (Kushtha), ringworm (Dadru), itching and constipation.
English name
Ring-worm plant
Therapeutic uses
Kaphavata janya vikara, kustha (skin disease), vrana (wound), dadru (tinea), pakshaghata (paralysis), vibandha (constipation), gulma (abdominal lump), krumi (worm), pama (scabies), kandu (itching), swasa (breathlessness), kasa (cough)[1]
Synonyms in Charak Samhita
Edagaja, Chakramarda
Synonyms in bhavprakasa nighantu
Prapunnata, dadrudhna, meshalochana, punnata[2]
Ayurvedic pharmacological properties
| Sr.no. | Pharmacological criteria | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taste (rasa) | Pungent (katu) |
| 2 | Potency (veerya) | Hot (ushna) |
| 3 | Post digestion effect (vipaka) | Pungent (katu) |
| 4 | Qualities (guna) | Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha) |
| 5 | Actions (karma) | Reduces kapha and vata |
Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions
| Sr.no. | Reference in Charak Samhita | Activity |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 3/3 | Siddhatama churna pradeha (external application) |
Dose
- 1-3 gm of powder[1]
Important formulation
As per A.P.I.[1]
- Nimbadi churna
- Kasisadi ghruta
- Maha vishagarbha taila
- Bruhata marichyadi taila
Current availability
Available
- India – throughout India in waste places and roadsides.
Current researches
Phytoconstituents
Only constituents supported by a checked reference are listed (one reference per class).
| Class | Reported constituents | Plant part | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthraquinones and related compounds | Chrysophanol (marker constituent), physcion, emodin, toralactone, rubrofusarin; seeds mainly anthraquinone glycosides; leaves rich in emodin, tricontan-1-ol and stigmasterol | Seeds, leaves | [3] |
Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy
All findings below come from animal or in vitro experiments; no human clinical trial was identified during reference checking. The classical uses not listed below (for example vibandha and kandu) have no checked modern reference here.
Antifungal Activity (Dadru)
An 80% ethanolic extract of the seeds was fractionated and analysed by HPLC; four anthraquinones (aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion) were identified. The extract and its subfractions were tested against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (a dermatophyte) by broth microdilution; the anthraquinone-rich subfractions inhibited the fungus about 4 to 8 times more strongly than the crude extract, but less potently than ketoconazole (MIC 125 versus 20 as printed in the abstract).[4]
Hepatoprotective Activity
A methanolic leaf extract (400 mg/kg, orally) protected rats against carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury, lowering serum SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase; the effect was comparable to a standard hepatoprotective agent.[5]
Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity
In a master's thesis (not a journal article), a methanolic leaf extract given intraperitoneally (100–200 mg/kg) reduced egg-albumin-induced paw oedema in rats, comparable to aspirin (150 mg/kg). At 200–400 mg/kg it reduced acetic-acid-induced writhing in mice comparably to aspirin, and at 50–100 mg/kg it increased tolerance of mechanical pain in a dose-dependent manner. This is thesis-level evidence and should be confirmed by peer-reviewed studies.[6]
Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage
- Toxicity: Limited toxicity data were found in the sources checked, so no safety margin is stated here.
- Precautions: Use under clinical guidance, particularly in pregnancy and lactation; human safety data were not found in the sources checked.
- Classical dose: 1–3 g of powder (see Dose above).
Summary of Therapeutic Profile
| Indication | Part and extract | Principal finding |
|---|---|---|
| Dermatophytosis (Dadru) | Seed, 80% ethanol extract and subfractions | Inhibited T. mentagrophytes in vitro; anthraquinone-rich fractions more active than crude extract |
| Chemical liver injury (rat) | Leaf, methanolic, 400 mg/kg orally | Lower SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin and ALP |
| Inflammation and pain (rat, mouse) | Leaf, methanolic, i.p. (thesis) | Reduced oedema and writhing; raised mechanical pain tolerance |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :69
- ↑ Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, haritakyadi varga, verse no.-210
- ↑ Jain S, Patil UK. Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Cassia tora Linn.: an overview. Indian J Nat Prod Resour. 2010;1(4):430–437.
- ↑ Charoenchai L, Chankana N. Identification of anthraquinones from Cassia tora L. seeds and antifungal activity. Interprof J Health Sci. 2018;16(1).
- ↑ Maity TK, Mandal SC, Mukherjee PK, Saha K, Das J, Saha BP, Pal M. Evaluation of hepatoprotective potential of Cassia tora leaf extract. Nat Prod Sci. 1997;3(2):122–126.
- ↑ Chidume FC. Immunogenic and some pharmacological activities of crude extracts of Cassia tora Linn (Family: Caesalpiniaceae). MSc thesis, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; 2000.