Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya: Difference between revisions

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<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<p style="text-align:justify;">Blood is important for maintaining vitality of individuals. It is also the most important factor in patho-physiology of any disease as it carries vitiated [[dosha] leading to disease. This chapter focuses on [[rakta dhatu]] (blood tissue), delineating the characteristic features of pure blood as well as the factors influencing the formation of blood. Pure blood (Shuddha rakta) is formed by following proper dietary habits. Therefore, characteristics of pure blood, the causative factors for vitiation of blood, [[dosha]] specific features of vitiated blood, their treatment and procedure of bloodletting are described in this chapter. Since blood plays an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, a description of ailments such as mada (intoxication/confusion), murchha (syncope), and sanyasa (coma), their pathology and courses of treatment, and mind’s role in the pathogenesis of some of these diseases have also been provided. </br>

<p style="text-align:justify;">Blood is important for maintaining vitality of individuals. It is also the most important factor in patho-physiology of any [[Vyadhi|disease]] as it carries vitiated [[dosha]] leading to [[Vyadhi|disease]]. This chapter focuses on [[rakta dhatu]] (blood tissue), delineating the characteristic features of pure blood as well as the factors influencing the formation of blood. Pure blood (Shuddha rakta) is formed by following proper dietary habits. Therefore, characteristics of pure blood, the causative factors for vitiation of blood, [[dosha]] specific features of vitiated blood, their treatment and procedure of bloodletting are described in this chapter. Since blood plays an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, a description of ailments such as mada (intoxication/confusion), murchha (syncope), and sanyasa (coma), their pathology and courses of treatment, and mind’s role in the pathogenesis of some of these diseases have also been provided. </br>

'''Keywords''': [[Rakta]], rakta visravana, sanyasa sangyavahi srotas, vegetative state, shonita, sadyaphala kriya, sangyaprabodhanam, pure blood, blood vitiating factors, coma, syncope, intoxication, drug addiction.

</p>

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== Introduction ==

In the previous chapters of ''Yojana Chatushka'' (tetrad on management protocol), procedures for the management of disorders caused due to vitiation of three [[dosha]] were described. In continuation, the present chapter describes the management principles of disorders due to shonita (blood) vitiation. Formation of pure blood is very important for survival because blood is vital for sustaining life [1,2]. Origin, development, and survival of the body depend on blood [3]. Various etiological factors for vitiation of [[rakta]] have been explained in this chapter. Vitiated [[rakta]] causes various diseases e.g. stomatitis, redness in the eye, etc. If cold (or hot) and rough (or unctuous) dravyas are used for treatment without response, raktaja vikara(blood disorder) should be the reason. The line of treatment for ''raktaja vikara'' constitutes courses of treatment for ''raktapitta'' (i.e., prescribed for cases of vitiated ''pitta'' such as purgation and fasting, along with bloodletting). The physical appearance of pure blood has been described to be of golden colors, like red lotus, firefly, ''lakh'' (''laksha''), the fruit of ''gunja'' (Abrus precatorius Linn.). Any deviation from these could be explained to be due to ''vikaras'' or disorders. Some of the prominent blood-related disorders such as ''mada'' (intoxication), ''murchcha'' (syncope) and ''sanyasa'' (coma) have therefore been described in this chapter. Their etiopathogenesis, types, symptoms and grades of severity - in this sequence - have been explained, along with some suggested courses of treatment. In the case of ''mada'' and ''murchcha'', purificatory measures ([[Panchakarma]]) have been suggested, while for ''sanyasa'', an emergency treatment (''~~attyaika~~ chikitsa'') should be followed.

In the previous chapters of ''Yojana Chatushka'' (tetrad on management protocol), procedures for the management of disorders caused due to vitiation of three [[dosha]] were described. In continuation, the present chapter describes the management principles of disorders due to shonita (blood) vitiation. Formation of pure blood is very important for survival because blood is vital for sustaining life [1,2]. Origin, development, and survival of the body depend on blood [3]. Various etiological factors for vitiation of [[rakta]] have been explained in this chapter. Vitiated [[rakta]] causes various diseases e.g. stomatitis, redness in the eye, etc. If cold (or hot) and rough (or unctuous) dravyas are used for treatment without response, raktaja vikara(blood disorder) should be the reason. The line of treatment for ''raktaja vikara'' constitutes courses of treatment for ''raktapitta'' (i.e., prescribed for cases of vitiated ''pitta'' such as purgation and fasting, along with bloodletting). The physical appearance of pure blood has been described to be of golden colors, like red lotus, firefly, ''lakh'' (''laksha''), the fruit of ''gunja'' (Abrus precatorius Linn.). Any deviation from these could be explained to be due to ''vikaras'' or disorders. Some of the prominent blood-related disorders such as ''mada'' (intoxication), ''murchcha'' (syncope) and ''sanyasa'' (coma) have therefore been described in this chapter. Their etiopathogenesis, types, symptoms and grades of severity - in this sequence - have been explained, along with some suggested courses of treatment. In the case of ''mada'' and ''murchcha'', purificatory measures ([[Panchakarma]]) have been suggested, while for ''sanyasa'', an emergency treatment (''atyayika chikitsa'') should be followed.

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==Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation==

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''~~Sannipataja~~ mada'' ~~(a type of narcosis)~~ arises and subsides quickly like alcoholic narcosis. [33]

The ''mada'' state arises and subsides quickly like alcoholic narcosis. [33]

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 <big>'''Abstract'''</big>
-<p style="text-align:justify;">Blood is important for maintaining vitality of individuals. It is also the most important factor in patho-physiology of any disease as it carries vitiated [[dosha] leading to disease. This chapter focuses on [[rakta dhatu]] (blood tissue), delineating the characteristic features of pure blood as well as the factors influencing the formation of blood. Pure blood (Shuddha rakta)  is formed by following proper dietary habits. Therefore, characteristics of pure blood, the causative factors for vitiation of blood, [[dosha]] specific features of vitiated blood, their treatment and procedure of bloodletting are described in this chapter. Since blood plays an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, a description of ailments such as mada (intoxication/confusion), murchha (syncope), and sanyasa (coma), their pathology and courses of treatment, and mind’s role in the pathogenesis of some of these diseases have also been provided. </br>
+<p style="text-align:justify;">Blood is important for maintaining vitality of individuals. It is also the most important factor in patho-physiology of any [[Vyadhi|disease]] as it carries vitiated [[dosha]] leading to [[Vyadhi|disease]]. This chapter focuses on [[rakta dhatu]] (blood tissue), delineating the characteristic features of pure blood as well as the factors influencing the formation of blood. Pure blood (Shuddha rakta)  is formed by following proper dietary habits. Therefore, characteristics of pure blood, the causative factors for vitiation of blood, [[dosha]] specific features of vitiated blood, their treatment and procedure of bloodletting are described in this chapter. Since blood plays an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, a description of ailments such as mada (intoxication/confusion), murchha (syncope), and sanyasa (coma), their pathology and courses of treatment, and mind’s role in the pathogenesis of some of these diseases have also been provided. </br>
 '''Keywords''': [[Rakta]], rakta visravana, sanyasa sangyavahi srotas, vegetative state, shonita, sadyaphala kriya, sangyaprabodhanam, pure blood, blood vitiating factors, coma, syncope, intoxication, drug addiction.
 </p>
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 == Introduction ==
 <div style="text-align:justify;">
-In the previous chapters of ''Yojana Chatushka'' (tetrad on management protocol), procedures for the management of disorders caused due to vitiation of three [[dosha]] were described. In continuation, the present chapter describes the management principles of disorders due to shonita (blood) vitiation. Formation of pure blood is very important for survival because blood is vital for sustaining life [1,2]. Origin, development, and survival of the body depend on blood [3]. Various etiological factors for vitiation of [[rakta]] have been explained in this chapter. Vitiated [[rakta]] causes various diseases e.g. stomatitis, redness in the eye, etc. If cold (or hot) and rough (or unctuous) dravyas are used for treatment without response, raktaja vikara(blood disorder) should be the reason. The line of treatment for ''raktaja vikara'' constitutes courses of treatment for ''raktapitta'' (i.e., prescribed for cases of vitiated ''pitta'' such as purgation and fasting, along with bloodletting). The physical appearance of pure blood has been described to be of golden colors, like red lotus, firefly, ''lakh'' (''laksha''), the fruit of ''gunja'' (Abrus precatorius Linn.). Any deviation from these could be explained to be due to ''vikaras'' or disorders. Some of the prominent blood-related disorders such as ''mada'' (intoxication), ''murchcha'' (syncope) and ''sanyasa'' (coma) have therefore been described in this chapter. Their etiopathogenesis, types, symptoms and grades of severity - in this sequence -  have been explained, along with some suggested courses of treatment. In the case of ''mada'' and ''murchcha'', purificatory measures ([[Panchakarma]]) have been suggested, while for ''sanyasa'', an emergency treatment (''attyaika chikitsa'') should be followed.
+In the previous chapters of ''Yojana Chatushka'' (tetrad on management protocol), procedures for the management of disorders caused due to vitiation of three [[dosha]] were described. In continuation, the present chapter describes the management principles of disorders due to shonita (blood) vitiation. Formation of pure blood is very important for survival because blood is vital for sustaining life [1,2]. Origin, development, and survival of the body depend on blood [3]. Various etiological factors for vitiation of [[rakta]] have been explained in this chapter. Vitiated [[rakta]] causes various diseases e.g. stomatitis, redness in the eye, etc. If cold (or hot) and rough (or unctuous) dravyas are used for treatment without response, raktaja vikara(blood disorder) should be the reason. The line of treatment for ''raktaja vikara'' constitutes courses of treatment for ''raktapitta'' (i.e., prescribed for cases of vitiated ''pitta'' such as purgation and fasting, along with bloodletting). The physical appearance of pure blood has been described to be of golden colors, like red lotus, firefly, ''lakh'' (''laksha''), the fruit of ''gunja'' (Abrus precatorius Linn.). Any deviation from these could be explained to be due to ''vikaras'' or disorders. Some of the prominent blood-related disorders such as ''mada'' (intoxication), ''murchcha'' (syncope) and ''sanyasa'' (coma) have therefore been described in this chapter. Their etiopathogenesis, types, symptoms and grades of severity - in this sequence -  have been explained, along with some suggested courses of treatment. In the case of ''mada'' and ''murchcha'', purificatory measures ([[Panchakarma]]) have been suggested, while for ''sanyasa'', an emergency treatment (''atyayika chikitsa'') should be followed.
 </div>
 ==Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation==
 <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
@@ Line 541: / Line 542: @@
 </div></div>
-''Sannipataja mada'' (a type of narcosis) arises and subsides quickly like alcoholic narcosis. [33]
+The ''mada'' state arises and subsides quickly like alcoholic narcosis. [33]
 <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">