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→The characteristics of abnormal semen
[139-144]
[139-144]
Characteristics of normal semen:
===== Characteristics of normal semen =====
The Shuddha Shukra should be white like sphatika, liquid, viscous, sweet in taste, smell of honey also should look like mixture of oil and honey.
Following are the criteria for normal semen according to modern science.
The ''shuddha shukra'' should be white like ''sphatika'', liquid, viscous, sweet in taste, smell of honey also should look like mixture of oil and honey.
Normal semen
Composition
Following are the criteria for normal semen according to modern science:
====== Normal semen ======
'''Composition'''
Most of the fluid in semen is made up of secretions from male reproductive organs. Semen contains citric acid, free amino acids, fructose, enzymes, phosphorylcholine, prostaglandin, potassium, and zinc. Recent studies have also evaluated calcium, magnesium and gold in semen.
Most of the fluid in semen is made up of secretions from male reproductive organs. Semen contains citric acid, free amino acids, fructose, enzymes, phosphorylcholine, prostaglandin, potassium, and zinc. Recent studies have also evaluated calcium, magnesium and gold in semen.
*46 to 80 per cent of the fluid is produced by the seminal vesicles
*13 to 33 per cent by the prostate gland
*5 per cent from the testicles and epididymis
*2-5 percent from Bulbourethral and urethral glands
Normal semen sample
'''Normal semen sample'''
Normal semen has certain characteristics. These can be broken down into appearance, volume, smell and so forth.
Normal semen has certain characteristics. These can be broken down into appearance, volume, smell and so forth.
Appearance of human semen
'''Appearance of human semen'''
A normal sample has a grey-opalescent appearance. If left open for a while the semen initially clots or coagulates over the first hour and then it becomes liquefied.
A normal sample has a grey-opalescent appearance. If left open for a while the semen initially clots or coagulates over the first hour and then it becomes liquefied.
Volume
'''Volume'''
A usual semen volume per ejaculate is around 2 to 3 ml or more. Sperm constitute approximately 10% of semen volume.
A usual semen volume per ejaculate is around 2 to 3 ml or more. Sperm constitute approximately 10% of semen volume.
Smell
A chlorine smell or fishy odour in semen is normal.
'''Smell'''
Taste
A chlorine smell or fishy odor in semen is normal.
'''Taste'''
Semen tastes slightly sweet due to a high content of fructose. The taste of semen tends to change slightly from person to person and may be affected by diet.
Semen tastes slightly sweet due to a high content of fructose. The taste of semen tends to change slightly from person to person and may be affected by diet.
pH of semen
'''pH of semen'''
The pH range should be 7.2 to 7.8. This is the normal pH of the body. If the pH is lower than 7.2, it may mean that there is a low sperm counts or malformations in the reproductive tract. If the pH is above 7.8, it may indicate a urinary tract infection.
The pH range should be 7.2 to 7.8. This is the normal pH of the body. If the pH is lower than 7.2, it may mean that there is a low sperm counts or malformations in the reproductive tract. If the pH is above 7.8, it may indicate a urinary tract infection.
Sperm concentration
The normal range of sperm in semen samples is 20 million/ml or more and a total count of 40 million or more. [145-146]
'''Sperm concentration'''
Present criteria of klaibya (Impotency) due to beejopaghata (Less / absence of Sperm):
Oligozoospermia: When sperm concentration is < 20 million/ml.
The normal range of sperm in semen samples is 20 million/ml or more and a total count of 40 million or more.[145-146]
Asthenozoospermia: Fewer than 50% spermatozoa with forward progression (categories (a) and (b) or fewer than 25% spermatozoa with category (a) movement.
Teratozoospermia: Fewer than 50% spermatozoa with normal morphology.
Present criteria of ''klaibya'' (Impotency) due to ''beejopaghata'' (Less/absence of Sperm):
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: Signifies disturbance of all the three variables (combination of only two prefixes may also be used).
{|
Azoospermia: No spermatozoa in the ejaculate
|-
Aspermia: No ejaculate [158-163]
|Oligozoospermia:
|When sperm concentration is < 20 million/ml.
|-
|Asthenozoospermia:
|Fewer than 50% spermatozoa with forward progression (categories (a) and (b) or fewer than 25% spermatozoa with category (a) movement.
|-
|Teratozoospermia:
|Fewer than 50% spermatozoa with normal morphology.
|-
|Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia:
|Signifies disturbance of all the three variables (combination of only two prefixes may also be used).
|-
|Azoospermia:
|No spermatozoa in the ejaculate
|-
|Aspermia:
|No ejaculation
|}
[158-163]
Erection is a neuro vasculo tissue phenomenon under hormonal control. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as persistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual performance. There is increasing evidence that ED can be an early manifestation of coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease; thus ED should not be regarded only as quality of life issue but also as potential warning sign of cardiovascular diseases.-
Erection is a neuro vasculo tissue phenomenon under hormonal control. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as persistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual performance. There is increasing evidence that ED can be an early manifestation of coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease; thus ED should not be regarded only as quality of life issue but also as potential warning sign of cardiovascular diseases.-
ED shares risk factors with cardiovascular disease.
ED shares risk factors with cardiovascular disease.