Changes

[158-163]

[158-163]

Erection is a neuro vasculo tissue phenomenon under hormonal control. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as persistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual performance. There is increasing evidence that ED can be an early manifestation of coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease; thus ED should not be regarded only as quality of life issue but also as potential warning sign of cardiovascular diseases.-

Erection is a neuro-vasculo-tissue phenomenon under hormonal control. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as persistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual performance.

 

There is increasing evidence that ED can be an early manifestation of coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease; thus ED should not be regarded only as quality of life issue but also as potential warning sign of cardiovascular diseases.

ED shares risk factors with cardiovascular disease.

ED shares risk factors with cardiovascular disease.

Lifestyle modification (intensive exercise and decrease in BMI) can improve erectile function.  

Lifestyle modification (intensive exercise and decrease in BMI) can improve erectile function.  

ED is a symptom, not a disease. Some patients may not be properly evaluated or receive treatment for an underlying disease or condition that may be causing ED.

ED is a symptom, not a disease. Some patients may not be properly evaluated or receive treatment for an underlying disease or condition that may be causing ED.

ED is common after radical prostatectomy, irrespective of the surgical technique used.

ED is common after radical prostatectomy, irrespective of the surgical technique used.

ED is common after external radiotherapy and brachytherapy

 

Common causes of ED:

ED is common after external radiotherapy and brachytherapy.

Vasculogenic

 

- Cardiovascular disease

===== Common causes of ED =====

- Hypertension

 

- Diabetes mellitus

====== Vasculogenic ======

- Hyperlipidaemia

*Cardiovascular disease

- Smoking

*Hypertension

- Major surgery (RP) or radiotherapy (pelvis or retroperitoneum)

*Diabetes mellitus

Neurogenic

*Hyperlipidaemia

Central causes

*Smoking

- Degenerative disorders (multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, multiple atrophy etc.)

*Major surgery (RP) or radiotherapy (pelvis or retroperitoneum)

- Spinal cord trauma or diseases

====== Neurogenic ======

- Stroke

''Central causes''

- Central nervous system tumours

 

Peripheral causes

*Degenerative disorders (multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, multiple atrophy etc.)

- Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

*Spinal cord trauma or diseases

- Chronic renal failure

*Stroke

- Polyneuropathy

*Central nervous system tumors

- Surgery (pelvis or retroperitoneum, radical prostatectomy, colorectal surgery, etc.)

 

Anatomical or structural

''Peripheral causes''

- Hypospadias, epispedias

 

- Micropenis

*Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

- Congenital curvature of the penis

*Chronic renal failure

- La Peyronie’s disease

*Polyneuropathy

*Surgery (pelvis or retroperitoneum, radical prostatectomy, colorectal surgery, etc.)

 

====== Anatomical or structural ======

 

*Hypospadias, epispedias

*Micropenis

*Congenital curvature of the penis

*La Peyronie’s disease

 

Hormonal

Hormonal

- Hypogonadism

- Hypogonadism