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{{#seo:

|title=Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya

|title=Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya

|type=article

|type=article

}}

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<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 28. Sequential effects of food and beverages'''</big>

<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 28. Sequential effects of food and beverages'''</big>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|data6 = Rao M.

|data6 = Rao M.

|label7 = Reviewer  

|label7 = Reviewer  

|data7  = Deole Y. S.

|data7  = [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y. S.]]

|label8 = Editors

|label8 = Editors

|data8  = Patwardhan K., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.

|data8  = Patwardhan K., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label9 = Year of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 =  2020

|data9 =  2020

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

 

<p style="text-align:justify;">There are biological effects of food and beverages on the physiological systems of body. In a sequence of earlier chapter, this chapter describes principles of digestion and metabolism of consumed diet. The formation of tissue elements and metabolic products during this process are explained in detail.  The food nourishes body tissues through various systemic channels named ‘srotasa’. Specific disease conditions due to vitiation of these body systems and their principles of management are highlighted in this chapter. Apart from food, factors like habitat, season, combination, potency and excess consumption affecting the status of immunity and disease in the body have also been discussed here. The chapter explains why some people are healthy even after consuming unwholesome food articles while others suffer from diseases even after following wholesome food habits. This chapter also talks of diseases caused due to vitiation of various tissue elements and factors responsible for the movement of dosha from koshtha (gut) to shakha(periphery). These factors are important for preservation of health and disease management. Being the last chapter of tetrad on food and beverages, the chapter summarizes the importance of diet, its examination for wholesome benefits and adverse effects on improper consumption. </br>

<div style="text-align:justify;">There are biological effects of food and beverages on the physiological systems of body. In a sequence of earlier chapter, this chapter describes principles of digestion and metabolism of consumed diet. The formation of tissue elements and metabolic products during this process are explained in detail.  The food nourishes body tissues through various systemic channels named ‘srotasa’. Specific disease conditions due to vitiation of these body systems and their principles of management are highlighted in this chapter. Apart from food, factors like habitat, season, combination, potency and excess consumption affecting the status of immunity and disease in the body have also been discussed here. The chapter explains why some people are healthy even after consuming unwholesome food articles while others suffer from diseases even after following wholesome food habits. This chapter also talks of diseases caused due to vitiation of various tissue elements and factors responsible for the movement of dosha from koshtha (gut) to shakha(periphery). These factors are important for preservation of health and disease management. Being the last chapter of tetrad on food and beverages, the chapter summarizes the importance of diet, its examination for wholesome benefits and adverse effects on improper consumption. </div>

'''Keywords''':  Food, digestion, eatable, drinks, disorders of various systems, treatment, movement of [[dosha]], koshtha, shakha.

'''Keywords''':  Food, digestion, eatable, drinks, disorders of various systems, treatment, movement of [[dosha]], koshtha, shakha.

 

 

 

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

*Treatment of [[rakta]]ja disorders is mentioned in [[Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charak Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 24th chapter).  

*Treatment of [[rakta]]ja disorders is mentioned in [[Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charak Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 24th chapter).  

*The [[mamsa dhatu]]ja disorders should be treated with purification, surgery, utilizing ''alkali'' and ''agnikarma'' (cauterization).  

*The [[mamsa dhatu]]ja disorders should be treated with purification, surgery, utilizing ''alkali'' and ''agnikarma'' (cauterization).  

*The treatment of [[medo dhatu]]ja disorders is mentioned in [[Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charak Samhita]], [[Sutra Sthana]] 21st chapter).

*The treatment of [[meda dhatu]] disorders is mentioned in [[Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charak Samhita]], [[Sutra Sthana]] 21st chapter).

   

   

The [[asthi dhatu]]gata disorders should be treated with [[Panchakarma]], especially [[basti]] (enema) prepared with bitter drugs, milk, and ghee.

The [[asthi dhatu]]gata disorders should be treated with [[Panchakarma]], especially [[basti]] (enema) prepared with bitter drugs, milk, and ghee.

=== ''Kshira Dadhi Nyaya'' (milk-curd transformation phenomena/ analogy) ===

=== ''Kshira Dadhi Nyaya'' (milk-curd transformation phenomena/ analogy) ===

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

*The formation of [[dhatu]] involves the transformation of [[rasa dhatu]] into [[rakta dhatu]], [[rakta dhatu]] into [[mamsa mamsa]], etc., in the presence of respective ''dhatvagni'' in a similar manner as milk gets converted into curd, curds into butter and butter into ghee. According to Acharya Harita, within seven days [[rasa dhatu]] gets transformed into [[shukra dhatu]]. Even though this theory appears to be hypothetical, recent modern research has shown that this kind of transformation is possible. A team of Japanese and American scientists has managed to convert human skin cells into formed embryos by bathing them in weak citric acid for a duration of 30 minutes<ref> IndependentScience [Home page from website], Steve Connor, Sunday 9 February 2014, available fromhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/exclusive-the-miracle-cure--scientists-turn-human-skin-into-stem-cells-9117102.html [downloaded 09.02.2014] </ref>. Researchers at Stanford University transformed skin fibroblast cells from mice into working neurons by inserting genes that encode transcription factors<ref> A world Report, US News, [Home page from website], By Tina Hesman Saey, Science News, available fromhttp://www.usnews.com/science/articles/2010/02/01/skin-cells-transformed-directly-into-neurons/comments </ref>. Researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine have successfully isolated stem cells from human skin, expanded them in the laboratory and coaxed them into becoming fat, muscle and bone cells<ref> Science daily, June 24, 2005, Source:Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, WINSTON-SALEM, N.C, available from

*The formation of [[dhatu]] involves the transformation of [[rasa dhatu]] into [[rakta dhatu]], [[rakta dhatu]] into [[mamsa dhatu]], etc., in the presence of respective ''dhatvagni'' in a similar manner as milk gets converted into curd, curds into butter and butter into ghee. According to Acharya Harita, within seven days [[rasa dhatu]] gets transformed into [[shukra dhatu]]. Even though this theory appears to be hypothetical, recent modern research has shown that this kind of transformation is possible. A team of Japanese and American scientists has managed to convert human skin cells into formed embryos by bathing them in weak citric acid for a duration of 30 minutes<ref> IndependentScience [Home page from website], Steve Connor, Sunday 9 February 2014, available fromhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/exclusive-the-miracle-cure--scientists-turn-human-skin-into-stem-cells-9117102.html [downloaded 09.02.2014] </ref>. Researchers at Stanford University transformed skin fibroblast cells from mice into working neurons by inserting genes that encode transcription factors<ref> A world Report, US News, [Home page from website], By Tina Hesman Saey, Science News, available fromhttp://www.usnews.com/science/articles/2010/02/01/skin-cells-transformed-directly-into-neurons/comments </ref>. Researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine have successfully isolated stem cells from human skin, expanded them in the laboratory and coaxed them into becoming fat, muscle and bone cells<ref> Science daily, June 24, 2005, Source:Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, WINSTON-SALEM, N.C, available from

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/06/050623000101.htm </ref> . More recently, scientists have successfully made immature sperm cells from human bone marrow samples. Therefore, the formation of [[shukra dhatu]]  from [[majja dhatu]] is proved by these scientific evidence<ref> Some Physiological Issues related to "Medo Dhatu’ with special reference to Obesity, Blog post of Dr. Kishor Patwardhan available at: http://kishorpatwardhan.blogspot.in/2008/02/some-physiological-issues-related-to.html[Date last accessed: 20-03-2016] </ref> .

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/06/050623000101.htm </ref> . More recently, scientists have successfully made immature sperm cells from human bone marrow samples. Therefore, the formation of [[shukra dhatu]]  from [[majja dhatu]] is proved by these scientific evidence<ref> Some Physiological Issues related to "Medo Dhatu’ with special reference to Obesity, Blog post of Dr. Kishor Patwardhan available at: http://kishorpatwardhan.blogspot.in/2008/02/some-physiological-issues-related-to.html[Date last accessed: 20-03-2016] </ref> .

</div>

</div>

=== ''Kedari Kulya Nyaya'' (vascular network) ===

=== ''Kedari Kulya Nyaya'' (vascular network) ===

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

=== Cross references of physiological aspects ===

=== Cross references of physiological aspects ===

*''Rakta vibaddhamargatvan mamsa sinna prapadyate''.: If a channel is obstructed, the sequential transformation of tissue is impaired.

*''[[Rakta]] vibaddhamargatvan mamsa sinna prapadyate''.: If a channel is obstructed, the sequential transformation of tissue is impaired.

*[[Langhana]] (reducing therapy) is the line of treatment for all the [[rasa dhatu]]ja [body fluids] disorders [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/25].  

*[[Langhana]] (reducing therapy) is the line of treatment for all the [[rasa dhatu]]ja [body fluids] disorders [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/25].  

*Treatment of [[rakta]]ja [blood] disorders is mentioned in [[Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya]] [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 24]. The treatment for [[rakta]]ja vikara should be planned as per ''raktapitta'', along with [[virechana]], upavasa and ''raktamokshana'' [purgation, fasting, and bloodletting]  [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 24/18], [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/25]

*Treatment of [[rakta]]ja [blood] disorders is mentioned in [[Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya]] [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 24]. The treatment for [[rakta]]ja vikara should be planned as per ''raktapitta'', along with [[virechana]], upavasa and ''raktamokshana'' [purgation, fasting, and bloodletting]  [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 24/18], [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/25]

*The treatment of [[meda dhatu]]ja'' disorders is mentioned in [[Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya]]. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 21]

*The treatment of [[meda dhatu]]ja'' disorders is mentioned in [[Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya]]. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 21]

*''Guru Chatarpanam Dadhyat Sthulanam Karshanam Prati'' diet modification, exercise, purification, and drugs. [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/20] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/26]

*''Guru Chatarpanam Dadhyat Sthulanam Karshanam Prati'' diet modification, exercise, purification, and drugs. [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/20] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/26]

*''Asthigata'' disorders should be treated with [[Panchakarma]], especially ''basti'' (enema) prepared from bitter drugs, milk and ghee should be administered. [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/27]  

*[[Asthi dhatu]]gata disorders should be treated with [[Panchakarma]], especially [[basti]](enema) prepared from bitter drugs, milk and ghee should be administered. [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/27]  

*''Majja'' and ''shukragata'' disorders should be treated with food and drugs having a sweet and bitter taste. Coitus, exercise and timely purification as required should be engaged in [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/28].  

*[[Majja dhatu]] and [[shukra dhatu]]gata disorders should be treated with food and drugs having a sweet and bitter taste. Coitus, exercise and timely purification as required should be engaged in [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/28].  

*The treatment of disorders of sense organs is mentioned in [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]] , [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/29].  

*The treatment of disorders of sense organs is mentioned in [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]] , [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/29].  

*The treatment of disorders of ligaments, blood vessels, and tendons is mentioned in [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa]] [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/30].  

*The treatment of disorders of ligaments, blood vessels, and tendons is mentioned in [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa]] [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/30].  

[[Sroto Vimana]]

[[Sroto Vimana]]

==References==

==References==