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Line 2: − + + + + − − <big>'''Abstract'''</big> − − <div style="text-align:justify;">There are biological effects of food and beverages on the physiological systems of body. In a sequence of earlier chapter, this chapter describes principles of digestion and metabolism of consumed diet. The formation of tissue elements and metabolic products during this process are explained in detail. The food nourishes body tissues through various systemic channels named ‘srotasa’. Specific disease conditions due to vitiation of these body systems and their principles of management are highlighted in this chapter. Apart from food, factors like habitat, season, combination, potency and excess consumption affecting the status of immunity and disease in the body have also been discussed here. The chapter explains why some people are healthy even after consuming unwholesome food articles while others suffer from diseases even after following wholesome food habits. This chapter also talks of diseases caused due to vitiation of various tissue elements and factors responsible for the movement of dosha from koshtha (gut) to shakha(periphery). These factors are important for preservation of health and disease management. Being the last chapter of tetrad on food and beverages, the chapter summarizes the importance of diet, its examination for wholesome benefits and adverse effects on improper consumption. </div> − − '''Keywords''': Food, digestion, eatable, drinks, disorders of various systems, treatment, movement of ''dosha, koshtha, shakha''. − Line 28:
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Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya (view source)
Revision as of 11:46, 22 September 2020
, 11:46, 22 September 2020no edit summary
|title=Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya
|title=Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya
|titlemode=append
|titlemode=append
|keywords=Food, digestion, eatable, drinks, disorders of various systems, treatment, movement of dosha, koshtha, shakha,ayurveda, charak samhita
|keywords=Food, digestion, eatable, drinks, disorders of various systems, treatment, movement of dosha, koshtha, shakha,Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.
|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 28. Sequential effects of food and beverages
|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 28. Sequential effects of food and beverages
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image_alt=carak samhita
|type=article
}}
}}
<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 28. Sequential effects of food and beverages'''</big>
<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 28. Sequential effects of food and beverages'''</big>
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya
|title = Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya
|label5 = Other Sections
|label5 = Other Sections
|data5 = [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|data5 = [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|label6 = Translator and commentator
|data6 = Rao M.
|label7 = Reviewer
|data7 = Deole Y. S.
|label8 = Editor
|data8 = Patwardhan K.
|label9 = Date of publication
|data9 = December 17, 2018
|label10 = DOI
|data10 =
}}
}}
<big>'''Abstract'''</big>
<div style="text-align:justify;">There are biological effects of food and beverages on the physiological systems of body. In a sequence of earlier chapter, this chapter describes principles of digestion and metabolism of consumed diet. The formation of tissue elements and metabolic products during this process are explained in detail. The food nourishes body tissues through various systemic channels named ‘srotasa’. Specific disease conditions due to vitiation of these body systems and their principles of management are highlighted in this chapter. Apart from food, factors like habitat, season, combination, potency and excess consumption affecting the status of immunity and disease in the body have also been discussed here. The chapter explains why some people are healthy even after consuming unwholesome food articles while others suffer from diseases even after following wholesome food habits. This chapter also talks of diseases caused due to vitiation of various tissue elements and factors responsible for the movement of dosha from koshtha (gut) to shakha(periphery). These factors are important for preservation of health and disease management. Being the last chapter of tetrad on food and beverages, the chapter summarizes the importance of diet, its examination for wholesome benefits and adverse effects on improper consumption. </div>
'''Keywords''': Food, digestion, eatable, drinks, disorders of various systems, treatment, movement of ''dosha, koshtha, shakha''.
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
The food gets transformed into two forms i.e. ''prasada'' or essence form (''ahara rasa'') and ''kitta'' (the waste form).
The food gets transformed into two forms i.e. ''prasada'' or essence form (''ahara rasa'') and ''kitta'' (the waste form).
The ''kitta'' part nourishes the mala or excretory products like sweat, urine, stool, ''vata, pitta, kapha,'' excreta of the ear, nose, mouth, hair follicle, genital organs, hair, beard, body hair, nails, etc.
The ''kitta'' part nourishes mala or excretory products like sweat, urine, stool, vata, pitta, kapha, excreta of the ear, nose, mouth, hair follicle, excreta of genital organs, scalp hair, beard, body hair, nails, etc.
The essence part or ''ahara rasa'' nourishes ''rasa'' (body fluids), ''rakta'' (blood), ''mamsa'' (flesh), ''medas'' (fat), ''asthi'' (bone), ''majja'' (bone marrow), ''shukra'' (reproductive elements like semen and ovum), ''ojas'' (essence of the seven fundamental tissue elements, or the ''sapta dhatus''), basic components of five sense organs, joints, ligaments, tendons and mucilage part in the body.
The essence part or ''ahara rasa'' nourishes body components ([[dhatu]]) like [[rasa dhatu]] (body fluids), [[rakta dhatu]] (blood), [[mamsa dhatu]] (flesh), [[meda dhatu]] (fat), [[asthi dhatu]] (bone), [[majja dhatu]] (bone marrow), [[shukra dhatu]] (reproductive elements like semen and ovum), [[oja]] (essence of the seven fundamental tissue elements), basic components of five sense organs, joints, ligaments, tendons and mucilage part in the body.
All the ''malas'' (wastes) and ''dhatu'' (tissue elements) of the body are nourished by the waste part of food and essence of food or ''ahara rasa'' respectively.
All the [[mala]] (wastes) and [[dhatu]] (tissue elements) of the body are nourished by the waste part of food and essence of food or ''ahara rasa'' respectively.
The ''rasadi dhatus'' and ''malas'' or waste products are nourished so that the quality is maintained according to the size and age of the body.
The ''rasadi dhatus'' and ''malas'' or waste products are nourished so that the quality is maintained according to the size and age of the body.
*If ''dhatavagni, dhatvahi strotas'' and ''dhatuposhakrasavahi vyana vayu'' (enzymes for tissue metabolism, specific channels, and specific nutrient transporters) are normal, then normal tissues are created. All tissues, throughout life, continuously help in the nourishment of other tissues.
*If ''dhatavagni, dhatvahi strotas'' and ''dhatuposhakrasavahi vyana vayu'' (enzymes for tissue metabolism, specific channels, and specific nutrient transporters) are normal, then normal tissues are created. All tissues, throughout life, continuously help in the nourishment of other tissues.
*The metabolic process of ''ahara rasa'' (the end product of digestion) results in the formation of nourishing and waste products.
*The metabolic process of ''ahara rasa'' (the end product of digestion) results in the formation of nourishing and waste products.
*The body is formed from food, and even diseases also originate from food. Wholesome and unwholesome foods are responsible for happiness and unhappiness respectively (Ch. Su. 28/45).
*The body is formed from food, and even diseases also originate from food. Wholesome and unwholesome foods are responsible for happiness and unhappiness respectively. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/45]
*Apart from unwholesome food, many other etiological factors for disease production are present, like a change of season, intellectual errors, unwholesome contacts (excessive, wrong and over-utilization) of senses of sound, touch, vision, taste and smell (Ch. Su. 28/7).
*Apart from unwholesome food, many other etiological factors for disease production are present, like a change of season, intellectual errors, unwholesome contacts (excessive, wrong and over-utilization) of senses of sound, touch, vision, taste and smell. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/7]
*All unwholesome food articles are not equally harmful, all the ''doshas'' are not of equal strength, and all the bodies are not capable of preventing disease (Ch. Su. 28/7).
*All unwholesome food articles are not equally harmful, all the ''doshas'' are not of equal strength, and all the bodies are not capable of preventing disease. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana 28/7]
*The doshas become acute and extremely difficult to manage when they get associated with multiple factors, get further aggravated or complicated when treated with a mutually contradictory therapy, become deep rooted, chronic, get vitiated in one of the ten seats of ''prana'', and afflict vital centers of the body known as ''marma'' (Ch. Su. 28/7).
*The doshas become acute and extremely difficult to manage when they get associated with multiple factors, get further aggravated or complicated when treated with a mutually contradictory therapy, become deep rooted, chronic, get vitiated in one of the ten seats of ''prana'', and afflict vital centers of the body known as ''marma''. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/7]
*Individuals, who are excessively obese, emaciated, whose muscles, blood and bone are depleted, who are very weak physically, who are habituated to unwholesome food, who consume inadequate quantities of food, and who possess weak mind cannot withstand diseases (Ch. Su. 28/7).
*Individuals, who are excessively obese, emaciated, whose muscles, blood and bone are depleted, who are very weak physically, who are habituated to unwholesome food, who consume inadequate quantities of food, and who possess weak mind cannot withstand diseases. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/7]
*The specific diseases (''dhatu pradoshaja vikara'') are caused due to an interplay between ''dosha'' and ''dushya'' and manifest as systemic disorders. (Ch. Su. 28/8).
*The specific diseases (''dhatu pradoshaja vikara'') are caused due to an interplay between ''dosha'' and ''dushya'' and manifest as systemic disorders. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/8]
*All living beings strive to attain the goal of happiness and follow the right and the wrong path depending on their awareness and ignorance (Ch. Su. 28/35).
*All living beings strive to attain the goal of happiness and follow the right and the wrong path depending on their awareness and ignorance. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/35]
*Multiple factors are responsible for health and disease – a healthy person can contract a disease despite following a very healthy lifestyle.
*Multiple factors are responsible for health and disease – a healthy person can contract a disease despite following a very healthy lifestyle.
</div>
</div>
*''Rakta vibaddhamargatvan mamsa sinna prapadyate''.: If a channel is obstructed, the sequential transformation of tissue is impaired.
*''Rakta vibaddhamargatvan mamsa sinna prapadyate''.: If a channel is obstructed, the sequential transformation of tissue is impaired.
*''Langhana'' (reducing therapy) is the line of treatment for all the ''rasaja'' [body fluids] disorders [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/25].
*''Langhana'' (reducing therapy) is the line of treatment for all the ''rasaja'' [body fluids] disorders [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/25].
*Treatment of ''raktaja'' [blood] disorders is mentioned in [[Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya]] [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 24th chapter]. The treatment for ''raktaja vikara'' should be planned as per ''raktapitta'', along with ''virechana, upavasa'' and ''raktamokshana'' [purgation, fasting, and bloodletting] [Ref. Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 24/18]. [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/25]
*Treatment of ''raktaja'' [blood] disorders is mentioned in [[Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya]] [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 24]. The treatment for ''raktaja vikara'' should be planned as per ''raktapitta'', along with ''virechana, upavasa'' and ''raktamokshana'' [purgation, fasting, and bloodletting] [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 24/18], [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/25]
*The ''mamsaja'' disorders should be treated with purification, surgery, usage of alkali and ''agnikarma'' [cauterization] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]]28/26].
*The ''mamsaja'' disorders should be treated with purification, surgery, usage of alkali and ''agnikarma'' [cauterization]. [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]]28/26]
*The treatment of ''medoja'' disorders is mentioned in [[Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya]] [Cha.Sa., [[Sutra Sthana]] 21st chapter].
*The treatment of ''medoja'' disorders is mentioned in [[Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya]]. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 21]
*''Guru Chatarpanam Dadhyat Sthulanam Karshanam Prati'' diet modification, exercise, purification, and drugs [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/20] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/26].
*''Guru Chatarpanam Dadhyat Sthulanam Karshanam Prati'' diet modification, exercise, purification, and drugs. [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/20] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/26]
*''Asthigata'' disorders should be treated with [[Panchakarma]], especially ''basti'' (enema) prepared from bitter drugs, milk and ghee should be administered [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/27].
*''Asthigata'' disorders should be treated with [[Panchakarma]], especially ''basti'' (enema) prepared from bitter drugs, milk and ghee should be administered. [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/27]
*''Majja'' and ''shukragata'' disorders should be treated with food and drugs having a sweet and bitter taste. Coitus, exercise and timely purification as required should be engaged in [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/28].
*''Majja'' and ''shukragata'' disorders should be treated with food and drugs having a sweet and bitter taste. Coitus, exercise and timely purification as required should be engaged in [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/28].
*The treatment of disorders of sense organs is mentioned in [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]] , [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 26th chapter] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/29].
*The treatment of disorders of sense organs is mentioned in [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]] , [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/29].
*The treatment of disorders of ligaments, blood vessels, and tendons is mentioned in [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa]] [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 28th chapter] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/30].
*The treatment of disorders of ligaments, blood vessels, and tendons is mentioned in [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa]] [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28] [Cha.Sa [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/30].
*The treatment of disorders of waste products is mentioned in [[Naveganadharaniya Adhyaya]] [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]], 7th chapter] and few aspects in other sections [Cha.Sa., [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/30].
*The treatment of disorders of waste products is mentioned in [[Naveganadharaniya Adhyaya]] [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7] and few aspects in other sections [Cha.Sa., [[Sutra Sthana]] 28/30].
===Abbreviations===
===Abbreviations===