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== Recent Researches on concept of Veerya: ==
== Recent Researches on concept of Veerya: ==
<p style='text-align:justify;'>Veerya is the subject of extensive research, especially considering the ayurveda pharmacology. Dr. Nisteshwar K. has conducted a few animal experiments to establish the scientific validity of concept of veerya.<ref name="ref15">Nishteswar K, Basic concepts of Ayurvedic pharmacology , Chowkamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi. Printed-2007, Page No. 110</ref> Following are examples.
<p style='text-align:justify;'>Veerya is the subject of extensive research, especially considering the ayurveda pharmacology. Dr. Nisteshwar K. has conducted a few animal experiments to establish the scientific validity of concept of veerya.<ref name="ref15">Nishteswar K, Basic concepts of Ayurvedic pharmacology , Chowkamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi. Printed-2007, Page No. 110</ref> Following are examples.
<ol>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Study of action of ushna and sheeta veerya drugs on skeletal muscle<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The aqueous extracts (10% water infusion) total of 24 drugs, with 12 each belonging to ushna and sheeta veerya were tested for their activity against contractions of frog skeletal muscle (frog rectus abdominis) by using Burn model (1954)<ref name="ref16">Periasamy A, Burns DH, Holdren DN, Pollack GH, Trombitas K. A-band shortening in single fibers of frog skeletal muscle. Biophysical journal. 1990 Apr 1;57(4):815-28.</ref>. However, statistical analysis showed insignificant inhibition of both the veeryas. Therefore, the skeletal muscle experiment does not reveal any specificity about the nature of veerya.<sup>2</sup> </span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Effect of ushna and sheeta veerya drugs on the frog heart muscle<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">The aqueous extracts if 16 ushna and 16 sheeta veerya drugs were screened on 32 healthy frog hearts. The effect of ushna and sheeta veerya drugs in different doses (0.2 ml and 0.4 ml) was assessed on the basis of heart rate (chronotropic activity) and amplitude (Inotropic) activity of isolated frog heart during and after perfusion).<sup>2</sup> More depressant effect on amplitude was exercised by ushna veerya group in comparison with sheeta veerya group. Both sheeta and ushna veerya drugs showed an insignificant decrease in heart rate. Hence, the action of ushna and sheeta veerya drugs cannot be associated with positive and negative chronotropic and ionotropic effect since both the groups have not shown a specific action on frog heart rate and amplitude (NishteswarK.et.al.)<sup>2</sup> </span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Effect of sheeta and ushna veerya drugs on basic metabolic rate (B.M.R.)<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Two sheeta veerya drugs namely yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) and two ushna veerya drugs namely chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica) and jaatiphala (Myristica fragrans) were studied. In healthy volunteers initially B.M.R. was recorded<sup>2</sup> and the drug was administrated three times for one day. A significant increase (P<0.05) was observed with yashtimadhu, while increase in B.M.R. with shatavari was insignificant. Ushna veerya drugs brought about a decrease in B.M.R. after administration. Both chitraka and jaatiphala showed very significant action (P<0.05). Therefore, sheeta and ushna Veerya, which represent the saumyatva and agneyatva of a drug or food, may be responsible for synthesizing or metabolizing the dhatu due to their santarpana or apatarpana actions. (Nishteswar K. et. Al.) </span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Study of Veerya Vis–Vis pH value of Drugs<br/><span style="font-weight:normal">Total 25 ushna and 25 sheeta veerya drugs were screened for pH value in cold water and hot water with pH water. Total 10 gms of each drug was soaked in 100 ml of distilled water and kept for one hour. After one hour, the pH of the sample was tested. Then the sample was kept on water bath for 30 minutes and again pH was recorded.<sup>2</sup> All the screened drugs showed acidic reaction and it was evident from the present study that ushna and sheeta veerya drugs do not exhibit specific difference in pH values. (Nisteshvar K. and Dhayani S.C) </span></li></ol>
Other important researches can be summarised in the table as given below:
{| class="wikitable"
! Sr no
! Title of the study
! Conclusion
-
| 1.
| The Critical Analysis of Ashtavidha Veerya<ref name="ref17">Gajarmal AA, Rath SK. The Critical Analysis of Ashtavidha Veerya. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medical sciences , 2018;8(2):13.</ref>
| This article highlights the guna veeryavada to underline the importance of gurvadi guna in determining Veerya,also supporting the Ashtavidha Veerya Vaada
-
| 2.
| Endothermic reaction for Veerya analysis of Patranga (Caesalpinia sappan linn.) - An Experimental Study<ref name="ref18">Subrahmanya Bhat, Pooja Bhat, Chetan M. Endothermic reaction for Veerya analysis of Patranga (Caesalpinia sappan linn.) - An Experimental Study. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci [Internet]. 2021Nov.7 [cited 2022Dec.4];6(5):91 -93. Available from: http://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1486</ref>
| This article tries to prove the Sheeta Veeryata of Patranga using laboratory experiments and the principle of enthalpy.
* Patranga being sheeta veerya, endothermic chemical reactions may occur, which reduce temperature.
* Thus, studying exothermic and endothermic reactions can help determine the veerya of dravya.
-
| 3.
| Exothermic reaction for Veerya analysis of Atasi Seeds( Linum usitatissimum Linn.)<ref name="ref19">Arun Kumar Gupta, B. S. Prasad. Exothermic reaction for Veerya analysis of Atasi Seeds (Linum usitatissimum Linn.). AAM. (2016), [cited July 16, 2022]; 5(1-2): 44-46.</ref>
| Atasi (Linum usitatissimum Linn.) showed exothermic reaction as the temperature of water remaining constant, there was rise in the temperature which shows that Atasi has ushna Veerya property.
-
| 4.
| Review on Concept of Potency (Veerya) and its diversity in Ayurveda<ref name="ref20">Chaithra SHebbar and Lalitha B.R. Review on Concept of Potency (Veerya) and its diversity in Ayurveda Int J Ayu Pharm Chem. 2017;6(2):16.</ref>
| The review establishes that the concept of Veerya (potency) in Ayurveda is not just limited to indicating the strength of the drug and it diversifies the drug action
-
| 5.
| Principle of DravyaGuna (Ayurvedic Pharmacology)<ref name="ref21">Kumar A, Dubey S. D, Prakas S, Singh P. Principle of DravyaGuna (Ayurvedic Pharmacology). Biomed Pharmacol J 2011;4(1)</ref>
|
* This article states that Veerya is Shakti (power or potency), the means of action (of a substance).
* It can be compared with the active principle in the context of drug pharmacology.
-
| 6.
| Rasa (taste) and Veerya (potency) Nirdharana of an extra pharmacopoeial drug – Bridelia stipularis (l.) Blume<ref name="ref22">Haritha N. et al. Rasa (taste) and Vīrya (potency) Nirdhārana of an Extra pharmacopoeial drug – Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume. Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 2019;10(6):24-26 http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1006118</ref>
| Here the Veerya of extra pharmacopoeial drug was assessed using the principle of Exothermic or Endothermic reaction of the drug in distilled water
-
| 7.
| HPTLC profiling of useful parts of fifteen plants in ayurveda with cold potency<ref name="ref23">Chaithra S. Hebbar et al. HPTLC profiling of useful parts offifteen plants in Ayurveda with cold potency. Int. J. Res.Ayurveda Pharm. 2017;8(2):26-30 http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.08257(PDF) HPTLC PROFILING OF USEFUL PARTS OF FIFTEEN PLANTS IN AYURVEDA WITH COLD POTENCY. Available from:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316475791_HPTLC_PROFILING_OF_USEFUL_PARTS_OF_FIFTEEN_PLANTS_IN_AYURVEDA_WITH_COLD_POTENCY [accessed Dec 06 2022].</ref>
| HPTLC fingerprint of fifteen drugs with Sheeta Veerya (cold potency) showed a similar pattern to the mobile phase and stationary phase.
-
| 8.
| Experimental Evaluation of Rasapanchak – A Narrative Review<ref name="ref24">Gaya, Vishwakarma DSK. Experimental Evaluation of Rasapanchak – A Narrative Review. JMSCR [Internet]. 2017 Sep 26 [cited 2022 Dec 24];5(9). Available from: http://jmscr.igmpublication.org/v5-i9/130%20jmscr.pdf </ref>
| They state that if the law of thermodynamics is applied, Veerya can be considered as Enthalpy. Sheeta Veerya is acting endothermicity, while Ushna Veerya is exothermicity.<br/>The action of veerya can be understood through the means of chemo sensors.
-
| 9.
| Accreditation Of Concepts Of Rasa (Nutrition) And Veerya (Potency) As Food And Medicine Determinants: A Review<ref name="ref25">Hebbar CS, B R L, Krishnamurthy D, Bhandary S. Accreditation Of Concepts Of Rasa (Nutrition) And Veerya (Potency) As Food And Medicine Determinants: A Review. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm [Internet]. 2017 Jan 12 [cited 2022 Dec 24];7(6):14–8. Available from: http://www.ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/1667_pdf.pdf </ref>
| Veerya is determinant of medicine or action of medicine.
-
|} </p>
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