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[[Dosha|Dosha]] pervades every part of the body. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] Acharya stated the general location of vata, [[Pitta|pitta]] and [[Kapha|kapha]] are the lower, middle, and upper portions of the body, respectively marked by the heart(hridaya) and umbilicus(nabhi).[A.S. Sutra Sthana 1/4]Vata is predominately present in body parts below umbilicus(adhonabhi). [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/10]<ref name="multiple10">Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.</ref>The specific sites of dosha are locations where their functions are primarily observable. Thespecific seats of vata are:
[[Dosha|Dosha]] pervades every part of the body. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] Acharya stated the general location of vata, [[Pitta|pitta]] and [[Kapha|kapha]] are the lower, middle, and upper portions of the body, respectively marked by the heart(hridaya) and umbilicus(nabhi).[A.S. Sutra Sthana 1/4]Vata is predominately present in body parts below umbilicus(adhonabhi). [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/10]<ref name="multiple10">Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.</ref>The specific sites of dosha are locations where their functions are primarily observable. Thespecific seats of vata are:
<ul>
<ul>
<li> Urinary bladder([[Basti|basti]])[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]</li>
<li>Urinary bladder([[Basti|basti]])[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]</li>
<li>Large intestine+ rectum+ anal region(purishadhana)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]</li>
<li>Large intestine+ rectum+ anal region(purishadhana)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]</li>
<li>Plevicregion(katiorshroni)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" />[Dalhan on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" /> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>
<li>Plevicregion(katiorshroni)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" />[Dalhan on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" /> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>
Among all these sites, large intestine(pakvashaya) is the prime site of vata.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" />Purishadhana included the portion of the intestine wherein purishdharakala (layer for formation and storage of stools)is located. It includesanus (guda) also. [Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/9]<ref name="multiple3" />[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" /> Chakrapani opines that purishadhana is pakvashaya. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]According to the Atharvaveda, vata is situated in the upper part of the head (mastishka). [Ath.V. 10/2/26]<ref name="multiple11">Atharvaveda Samhita. Edited by Shriram Sharma Acharya. Mathura: YugNirman Yojana: 2005.</ref>
Among all these sites, large intestine(pakvashaya) is the prime site of vata.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" />Purishadhana included the portion of the intestine wherein purishdharakala (layer for formation and storage of stools)is located. It includesanus (guda) also. [Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/9]<ref name="multiple3" />[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" /> Chakrapani opines that purishadhana is pakvashaya. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]According to the Atharvaveda, vata is situated in the upper part of the head (mastishka). [Ath.V. 10/2/26]<ref name="multiple11">Atharvaveda Samhita. Edited by Shriram Sharma Acharya. Mathura: YugNirman Yojana: 2005.</ref>
<div>
<div>
[[File:Vatadosha.jpg|center|frame|Figure 1. General (A)and specific sites(B) of vatadosha.]]
[[File:Vatadosha.jpg|center|frame|Figure 1. General(A) and specific sites(B) of vatadosha.]]
</div>
</div>
==Attributes ==
The characteristics of vata are:
<ul>
<li>Dryness(ruksha)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" />[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>
<li>Coldness(shita)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" /> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>
<li>Lightness(laghu)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" />[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>
<li>Micro or subtle nature (sukshma)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>
<li>Mobility(chala)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>
<li>Clearness(vishada)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58]</li>
<li>Roughness(khara)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" />[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>
<li>Hardness(daruna)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/4]</li>
<li>Bioenhancer (yogavahi)[Cha.Sa. ChikitsaSthana 3/39]</li>
<li>Formlessness(amurtatva)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/13]</li>
<li>Frequent(bahu)[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/98]</li>
<li>Swift(sheeghra)[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/98]</li>
<li>Coarseness or harshness(parusha)[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/98]</li>
<li>Assessed through its functions(avyaktovyaktakarma)[Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>
<li>Movements in all direction(tiryak)[Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/8]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>
<li>Having predominately raja quality(rajobahula)[Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/8]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>
<li>Unpredictable potential(achintyavirya)[Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/8]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>
<li>Quick(ashukari)[Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/9]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>
</ul>
These attributes should be considered while taking diet and lifestyle managementof health. If the food and lifestyle habits having similar characteristics are followed in excess, a person may experience vatadoshavitiation leading to vata disorders.
== Functions of vata ==
Vata dosha governs all bodily functions.The ability to provide other bodily entities, such as other dosha, dhatu, and mala, mobility belongs to the vatadosha in the human body.Vata is responsible for all motion, so this dosha is also known as life in living beings. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/116] The principal functions of vata doshaare to sustain the body:[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 18/49][Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/10]<ref name="multiple3" />[Su.Sa. ShriraSthana 7/8]<ref name="multiple3" />[Sh.Sa.Pratham Khand 5/21] <ref name="multiple6" />:
<ul>
<li>Maintaining and controlling all the/ human machinery or body(tantra yantra dhara)</li>
<li>The originator of all kinds of movements(parvartakachestanamucchavachanam)</li>
<li>Regulates and guides the mind(niyantapranetacha manasa)</li>
<li>Stimulates all sensory and motor organs(sarvendriyanamudyojakah)</li>
<li>Directs senses to their respective objects(sarvendriyarthanamabhivodha)</li>
<li>Responsible for proper building of the tissues and organs of the body(sarvasharira dhatu vyuhakar)</li>
<li>Connects the different tissues(sandhanakarsharirasya)</li>
<li>Induces speech(pravatakovacha)</li>
<li>Causative factor of sound and touch sensation(prakriti sparshshabdayoshrotrasparshayormulam)</li>
<li>Cause of pleasures and determination(harshautsahayonih)</li>
<li>Stimulates digestive power(samirano-agneh)</li>
<li>Dries up the excessive moisture(dosha samshoshanah)</li>
<li>Excretion of waste products(ksheptabahimalanamor samomokshagatimata)</li>
<li>Formation of every kind of channel, fine and coarse(sthulanusrotasambhetta)</li>
<li>Regulates the formation of the different structures of the fetus and provides specific size/shape(kartagarbhakritinam)</li>
<li>Sustain the life(ayushoanuvrittipratyayabhutah)</li>
<li>Control the segmentation or division of cells(vibhagakarananmatah)[Sh.Sa.Pratham Khand 5/21] <ref name="multiple6" /></li>
<li>Inhalation and exhalation(ucchavasa-nishwasa)</li>
<li>Proper movements of dhatu(dhatugatisama)</li>
</ul>
Five particular functions of vata based on its types are as below:[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/4]<ref name="multiple3" />
<ol>
<li>Body movements and pulsation(praspandan)<li>
<li>Retain the perception of senses (udwahana)<li>
<li>Ingestion of food(purana)<li>
<li>Differentiation of tissues and waste products(viveka)<li>
<li>Retention of waste products till evacuation(dharana)<li>
</ol>
== Classification ==
The classification of vataisbased on different functions and locations in human body. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/8]
== Five types ==
Prana, Udana, Samana, Vyana, and Apana are the five classifications of vatadosha. Five sets of functions by which vatadosha is divided into five types are described with [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/4]<ref name="multiple3" /> the diseasespecificity of five types of vata.[Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/13-19]<ref name="multiple3" />The location and function of five types of vatadosha based on different Ayurvedic texts are as given in table 1. [Cha.Sa. ChikitsaSthana28/5-11]
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
|+ Table 1: Description of five types of Vata dosha
|-
| S.No.
| Type of Vata
| Location
| Function
| Disease [Su.Sa. NidanaSthana 1/13-19]<ref name="multiple3" />
|-
| 01.
| Prana
| Head (murdha)<br/>Thorax (ura)<br/>Throat (kantha)<br/>Tongue (jihwa)<br/>Mouth (asya)<br/>Nose (nasika)
| Spitting out (shthivana)<br/>Sneezing (kshavathu)<br/>Belching (udgara)<br/>Respiration (shwasa)<br/>Ingestion of food (aharadi)
| Hiccough (hikka)<br/>Asthma (shwasa)
|-
| 02.
| Udana
| Umbilicus (nabhi)<br/>Thorax (ura)<br/>Throat (kantha)
| Speech (Vakpravritti)<br/>Efforts (prayatna)<br/>Provides strength, complexion (Urjabalavarnadikarma)
| Disease occurring above the neck (Urdhvajatrugata)
|-
| 03.
| Samana
| Near digestive system (anataragneparshva)
| It gives strength to the digestive system
| Abdominal lump (gulma),<br/>less digestive capability (agnisada),<br/>diarrhea (atisara)
|-
| 04.
| Vyana
| Whole body (dehavyapnoti)
| Movements (gati)<br/>Contraction and relaxation (prasarana)<br/>Upward and downward movements (aakeshpa)<br/>Opening and closure of eyelids (nimesha)
| disease located to the whole body (sarvadeha)
|-
| 05.
| Apana
| Scrotum (vrishana)<br/>Bladder (basti)<br/>Penis (medhra)<br/>Umbilicus (nabhi)<br/>Thorax (ura)<br/>Inguinal region (vankshana)<br/>Anus (guda)
| Ejection of semen, removal of urine and faces (Shukramutrashakritkriya),<br/>menstruation and delivery of fetus (srijtyaartavagarbha)
| Diseases related to the urinary bladder and anal region (bastigudaashraya)
|-
|}
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