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→Specific causes of swelling due to dosha dominance
ayaM tvatra visheShaH- shItarUkShalaghuvishadashramopavAsAtikarshanakShapaNAdibhirvAyuH [1] prakupitastva~gmAMsashoNitAdInyabhibhUya shophaMjanayati; sa kShiprotthAnaprashamo bhavati, tathA shyAmAruNavarNaH prakRutivarNo vA, calaH spandanaH kharaparuShabhinnatvagromA chidyata iva bhidyata ivapIDyata iva sUcIbhiriva tudyate pipIlikAbhiriva saMsRupyate sarShapakalkAvalipta iva cimicimAyate sa~gkucyata Ayamyata iveti vAtashothaH (1);
ayaM tvatra visheShaH- shItarUkShalaghuvishadashramopavAsAtikarshanakShapaNAdibhirvAyuH [1] prakupitastva~gmAMsashoNitAdInyabhibhUya shophaMjanayati; sa kShiprotthAnaprashamo bhavati, tathA shyAmAruNavarNaH prakRutivarNo vA, calaH spandanaH kharaparuShabhinnatvagromA chidyata iva bhidyata ivapIDyata iva sUcIbhiriva tudyate pipIlikAbhiriva saMsRupyate sarShapakalkAvalipta iva cimicimAyate sa~gkucyata Ayamyata iveti vAtashothaH (1);
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''Vata'' gets vitiated due to excess intake of ''sheeta'' (cold things), ''ruksha'' (rough or low calorie), ''laghu'' (very light), ''vishada'' (non-slimy substance) diets, ''shrama'' (excessive exertion), ''upavasa'' (excessive fasting), ''ati-karshan'' (emaciation), and ''kshapana'' (wasting). This vitiated ''vata'' gets into and stays within ''twak'' (skin), ''mamsa'' (muscle tissue), along with ''rakta'' (blood) and produces ''shotha'', i.e., swelling. This swelling increases as well as subsides quickly, black or reddish in color, fleeting, pulsating, with coarse skin, rough and broken hair. The person feels different types of pain sensation like ''chhidyati'' (excision), ''bhidyati'' (incision), ''suchibhiriva'' (piercing by needles/pricking), crawling of ants, irritation (as if pasted with mustard) and a feeling of contraction or expansion. These are some of the traits of swelling caused by ''vata''. [1]
''Vata'' gets vitiated due to excess intake of ''sheeta'' (cold things), ''ruksha'' (rough or low calorie), ''laghu'' (very light), ''vishada'' (non-slimy substance) diets, ''shrama'' (excessive exertion), ''upavasa'' (excessive fasting), ''ati-karshan'' (emaciation), and ''kshapana'' (wasting). This vitiated ''vata'' gets into and stays within ''twak'' (skin), ''mamsa'' (muscle tissue), along with ''rakta'' (blood) and produces ''shotha'', i.e., swelling. This swelling increases as well as subsides quickly, black or reddish in color, fleeting, pulsating, with coarse skin, rough and broken hair. The person feels different types of pain sensation like ''chhidyati'' (excision), ''bhidyati'' (incision), ''suchibhiriva'' (piercing by needles/pricking), crawling of ants, irritation (as if pasted with mustard) and a feeling of contraction or expansion. These are some of the traits of swelling caused by ''vata''. [1]
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===== Swelling due to ''pitta'' dominance =====
===== Swelling due to ''pitta'' dominance =====
uShNatIkShNakaTukakShAralavaNAmlAjIrNabhojanairagnyAtapapratApaishca pittaM prakupitaM tva~gmAMsashoNitAnyabhibhUya shothaM janayati; sakShiprotthAnaprashamo bhavati, kRuShNapItanIlatAmrAvabhAsa uShNo mRuduH kapilatAmraromA [2] uShyate dUyate dhUpyate UShmAyate svidyate klidyate na casparshamuShNaM ca suShUyata [3] iti pittashothaH (2);
uShNatIkShNakaTukakShAralavaNAmlAjIrNabhojanairagnyAtapapratApaishca pittaM prakupitaM tva~gmAMsashoNitAnyabhibhUya shothaM janayati; sakShiprotthAnaprashamo bhavati, kRuShNapItanIlatAmrAvabhAsa uShNo mRuduH kapilatAmraromA [2] uShyate dUyate dhUpyate UShmAyate svidyate klidyate na casparshamuShNaM ca suShUyata [3] iti pittashothaH (2);
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''Pitta'' is vitiated due to excessive intake of hot, irritant, pungent, alkaline, salt, sour food, taking food when ailing from indigestion, or due to excessive exposure to heat and sunlight. This gets into the skin, muscle tissue, or blood and produces swelling. It also increases and subsides quickly. The affected part becomes blackish, yellow, bluish, copper-tinged, hot, or soft with brown and coppery hair. It gives a burning sensation of various forms and could be hot, sweaty, and moist. The affected region could be tender to touch and very sensitive to heat. These are the traits of swelling due to ''pitta dosha''. [2]
''Pitta'' is vitiated due to excessive intake of hot, irritant, pungent, alkaline, salt, sour food, taking food when ailing from indigestion, or due to excessive exposure to heat and sunlight. This gets into the skin, muscle tissue, or blood and produces swelling. It also increases and subsides quickly. The affected part becomes blackish, yellow, bluish, copper-tinged, hot, or soft with brown and coppery hair. It gives a burning sensation of various forms and could be hot, sweaty, and moist. The affected region could be tender to touch and very sensitive to heat. These are the traits of swelling due to ''pitta dosha''. [2]
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===== Swelling due to ''kapha'' dominance =====
===== Swelling due to ''kapha'' dominance =====
gurumadhurashItasnigdhairatisvapnAvyAyAmAdibhishca shleShmA prakupitastva~gmAMsashoNitAdInyabhibhUya shothaM janayati; sa kRucchrotthAnaprashamobhavati, pANDushvetAvabhAso guruH snigdhaH shlakShNaH sthiraH styAnaH shuklAgraromA sparshoShNasahashceti shleShmashothaH (3);
gurumadhurashItasnigdhairatisvapnAvyAyAmAdibhishca shleShmA prakupitastva~gmAMsashoNitAdInyabhibhUya shothaM janayati; sa kRucchrotthAnaprashamobhavati, pANDushvetAvabhAso guruH snigdhaH shlakShNaH sthiraH styAnaH shuklAgraromA sparshoShNasahashceti shleShmashothaH (3);
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''Kapha'' is vitiated due to excessive use of heavy to digest, sweet, cold and unctuous food, excessive sleep, sedentary life, etc. Vitiated ''kapha'' inhabits the skin, muscle tissues, and blood, causing swelling. A ''kapha''-induced swelling grows slowly and subsides with difficulty. Affected part becomes pale, whitish, heavy, unctuous, smooth, stable, thick, with white hair, tolerant of touch and heat This is the swelling caused due to ''kapha''.
''Kapha'' is vitiated due to excessive use of heavy to digest, sweet, cold and unctuous food, excessive sleep, sedentary life, etc. Vitiated ''kapha'' inhabits the skin, muscle tissues, and blood, causing swelling. A ''kapha''-induced swelling grows slowly and subsides with difficulty. Affected part becomes pale, whitish, heavy, unctuous, smooth, stable, thick, with white hair, tolerant of touch and heat This is the swelling caused due to ''kapha''.
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===== Different types due to involvement of more than one ''dosha'' =====
===== Different types due to involvement of more than one ''dosha'' =====
yathAsvakAraNAkRutisaMsargAddvidoShajAstrayaH shothA bhavanti; yathAsvakAraNAkRutisannipAtAt sAnnipAtika ekaH; evaM saptavidho bhedaH||7||
yathAsvakAraNAkRutisaMsargAddvidoShajAstrayaH shothA bhavanti; yathAsvakAraNAkRutisannipAtAt sAnnipAtika ekaH; evaM saptavidho bhedaH||7||
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Through the combination of the causes and symptoms of two ''doshas'' (''dwidoshaja''), three types of swelling occur. Similarly, a ''sannipatika shotha'' is caused by the combination of respective causes and symptoms of all three ''doshas''. Thus swelling is of seven types. [7]
Through the combination of the causes and symptoms of two ''doshas'' (''dwidoshaja''), three types of swelling occur. Similarly, a ''sannipatika shotha'' is caused by the combination of respective causes and symptoms of all three ''doshas''. Thus swelling is of seven types. [7]
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==== Various types of ''shotha'' and cardinal sign ====
==== Various types of ''shotha'' and cardinal sign ====