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→Introduction
=== Introduction ===
=== Introduction ===
<div style="text-align:justify;">
In the previous chapter, diseases of vital organs like head, heart, and the urinary system, signs of ''dhatu kshaya'' (depletion of ''dhatu'') and ''pidika'' (papules) with signs of swellings were described. This chapter deals with the etiology and symptomatology of endogenous and exogenous as well as local and generalized swellings and distensions. The name of the chapter denotes three types of swellings but later in the text, these swellings are classified into various types based upon several etiopathological factors and location. This chapter is important from the standpoint of diagnostics as it describes the main causes of all diseases that can be endogenous (innate origin) and exogenous (external agents). Some of the causative factors that can trigger non-infectious and infectious inflammations include traumatic injuries, contact with poisonous plants, animals, insect bites, animal bites, frost bite, and burns. The body’s reaction to invading micro-organisms, in terms of vitiation of ''dosha'', can be observed and appropriate course of action can be planned.
In the previous chapter, diseases of vital organs like head, heart, and the urinary system, signs of ''dhatu kshaya'' (depletion of ''dhatu'') and ''pidika'' (papules) with signs of swellings were described. This chapter deals with the etiology and symptomatology of endogenous and exogenous as well as local and generalized swellings and distensions. The name of the chapter denotes three types of swellings but later in the text, these swellings are classified into various types based upon several etiopathological factors and location. This chapter is important from the standpoint of diagnostics as it describes the main causes of all diseases that can be endogenous (innate origin) and exogenous (external agents). Some of the causative factors that can trigger non-infectious and infectious inflammations include traumatic injuries, contact with poisonous plants, animals, insect bites, animal bites, frost bite, and burns. The body’s reaction to invading micro-organisms, in terms of vitiation of ''dosha'', can be observed and appropriate course of action can be planned.
Inflammation is an important pathology that includes tumor (swelling) as a cardinal sign. Further, classifications of ''shotha'' (swelling/distension) based on cause, predominance of ''dosha'', and prognosis as per site of swelling are explained. Principles of identification of new diseases are also elucidated. The normal functions of ''dosha'' and their importance in disease conditions is emphasized. Thus, the chapter is fundamental in knowing disease.
Inflammation is an important pathology that includes tumor (swelling) as a cardinal sign. Further, classifications of ''shotha'' (swelling/distension) based on cause, predominance of ''dosha'', and prognosis as per site of swelling are explained. Principles of identification of new diseases are also elucidated. The normal functions of ''dosha'' and their importance in disease conditions is emphasized. Thus, the chapter is fundamental in knowing disease.
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=== Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation ===
=== Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation ===