Changes

The theory of reincarnation is explained by means of fourfold ''parikshas'' (examinations)- ''aptopadesha, pratkysha, anumana'' and ''yukti''. These are considered to be the correct means of getting information regarding an individual’s birth and therefore, play a significant role in the diagnosis of diseases and deciding the course of treatment to be employed. In [[Vimana Sthana]], Charaka considers the first three types of ''pariksha'', i.e., ''aptopdesha, pratyaksha'' and ''anumana'' as acceptable means of examination. One should first examine the patient with the help of all the ''parikshas'' and then diagnose the disease. One should acquire knowledge systematically through "aptopadesha" followed by ''pratyakhsha'' and ''anumana''. Use of all the three types of examination is recommended, and not any one of them alone [Cha.Vi 4/5-1][13]

The theory of reincarnation is explained by means of fourfold ''parikshas'' (examinations)- ''aptopadesha, pratkysha, anumana'' and ''yukti''. These are considered to be the correct means of getting information regarding an individual’s birth and therefore, play a significant role in the diagnosis of diseases and deciding the course of treatment to be employed. In [[Vimana Sthana]], Charaka considers the first three types of ''pariksha'', i.e., ''aptopdesha, pratyaksha'' and ''anumana'' as acceptable means of examination. One should first examine the patient with the help of all the ''parikshas'' and then diagnose the disease. One should acquire knowledge systematically through "aptopadesha" followed by ''pratyakhsha'' and ''anumana''. Use of all the three types of examination is recommended, and not any one of them alone [Cha.Vi 4/5-1][13]

==== Aptopdesha-Clinical Significance: [Ch. Vi.4/6] ====

==== ''Aptopdesha'': Clinical Significance [Ch. Vi.4/6] ====

Every disease should be studied carefully, with the help of the texts, from the standpoint of:

Every disease should be studied carefully, with the help of the texts, from the standpoint of:

# Prakopana-hetu (etiological factors of the disease)  

# ''Prakopana-hetu'' (etiological factors of the disease)  

# Yoni-doshas involved.

# ''Yoni-doshas'' involved.

# Utthana-mode of manifestation

# ''Utthana''- mode of manifestation

# Atma-nature of disease (seriousness or acuteness)

# ''Atman''-nature of disease (seriousness or acuteness)

# Adhisthana-Location in organs of body & mind

# ''Adhisthana''-Location in organs of body & mind

# Vedana-Type of pain  

# ''Vedana''-Type of pain  

# Sansthana-Symptoms  

# ''Sansthana''-Symptoms  

# Shabda, sparsha, rupa, rasa, gandha- Association with specific sounds, touch, colour, taste or smell

# ''Shabda, sparsha, rupa, rasa, gandha''- Association with specific sounds, touch, colour, taste or smell

# Upadrava-Complications

# ''Upadrava''-Complications

# Vriddhi, sthana & kshaya-Symptoms of aggravation, normalcy and alleviations

# ''Vriddhi, sthana'' and ''kshaya''-Symptoms of aggravation, normalcy and alleviations

# Udarka-prognosis  

# ''Udarka''-prognosis  

# Nama- Names of diseases

# ''Nama''- Names of diseases

# Yoga-Concomitants / prescribed medicines

# ''Yoga''-Concomitants / prescribed medicines

# Pratikara, pravrutti and nivrutti- Prescriptions & prohibitions in the treatment.

# ''Pratikara, pravritti'' and ''nivritti''- Prescriptions and prohibitions in the treatment.

==== Pratyaksha ====

==== Pratyaksha ====