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Line 982: − + − 1. Harvest–due to combination of water, tilling operation, seeds & season.+ − 2. By combining of panchamahabhuta and chetana, garbha is formed (or conceived).+ − 3. Treatment is possible by the combination of chatuspada. + + − The maintenance of healthy life is dependent on the lifestyle followed, hence the factors which are mandatory for sustenance of life are mentioned next. − + + + + + + − Three types of bala (strength, immunity) − Strength is of three types i.e. sahaja (constitutional), kalaja (temporal) and yuktikruta (acquired). − A. Sahaja bala-It is an inherent characteristic property of an individual and is present since birth. It can be attributed to an equilibrium state of doshas and does not require any extraneous factor for its improvement. − B. Kalaja bala- It is dependent on seasonal variations and age of the person. Weakness prevails in adanakala (depleting strength-summer season), gaining of strength progressively is observed in visarga kala (increasing strength-winter season) and in middle of these two seasons, strength is moderate and this form of bala peaks during one’s middle age. − C. Yuktikruta- Acquired strength or immunity is attained by healthy practices related to diet like ghee, meat, milk etc. and activities such as proper rest, exercise etc. It can also be improved by the use of rejuvenation therapies. − In Ayurvedic texts word bala is used as a synonym of ojas and also for vyadhikshamatava (immunity). Charaka has considered normal kapha as bala. − ‘Sahaja bala’ can be considered as innate immunity while ‘yuktikruta bala’ can be considered as acquired immunity that can be achieved by various methods like good quality diet, exercise, vaccination etc. − The assessment of sharirik bala (physical strength) is done by anumana (inference) by analyzing the capacity of an individual to do physical exercise (or his endurance) (Ch. Vi. 4/8). − With the knowledge of strength and the factors useful in maintaining it, one can achieve better strength for leading a healthy and long life. But if strength is not good and one indulges in activities or dietary practices that weaken one’s strength or immunity, then the individual may get afflicted with diseases. − + − Three causes of nija (bodily) diseases are- asatmya indriyartha samyoga (atiyoga, ayoga, mithyayoga) (unwholesome contact of sense organs with objects), pragnyaparadha (intellectual blasphemy) and parinama (consequence). The three causes of all the somatic and psychological diseases are mithyayoga, ayoga and atiyoga of kala (time), buddhi (intellect) and indriyartha (objects of senses) (Ch. Su. 1/54). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
→YUKTI [Ch Su 11/25]
#Similarly, condition of grahani (intestines), dreams, desires, likes- dislikes, happiness- unhappiness etc can be known by interrogation of the patient.
#Similarly, condition of grahani (intestines), dreams, desires, likes- dislikes, happiness- unhappiness etc can be known by interrogation of the patient.
==== YUKTI [Ch Su 11/25] ====
==== Yukti [Ch Su 11/25] ====
Yukti, or reasoning, is the fourth pariksha. The intellect perceives things as an outcome of a combination of various factors by employing yukti. Trivarga or dharma, artha and kama can be achieved by yukti.
Yukti, or reasoning, is the fourth pariksha. The intellect perceives things as an outcome of a combination of various factors by employing yukti. Trivarga or dharma, artha and kama can be achieved by yukti.
Example:
Example:
# Harvest–due to combination of water, tilling operation, seeds & season.
# By combining of panchamahabhuta and chetana, garbha is formed (or conceived).
# Treatment is possible by the combination of chatuspada.
Yukti is especially important in the process of planning the course of treatment of a disease. The knowledge of hetu, doshas vitiated, strotas involved, type of strotos dusti, stage of disease manifestation etc. will help the physician to decide the treatment modalities.
Yukti is especially important in the process of planning the course of treatment of a disease. The knowledge of hetu, doshas vitiated, strotas involved, type of strotos dusti, stage of disease manifestation etc. will help the physician to decide the treatment modalities.
Three upasthambhas:
The maintenance of healthy life is dependent on the lifestyle followed, hence the factors which are mandatory for sustenance of life are mentioned next.
==== Three upasthambhas =====
The three upasthambhas or supporting pillars of body mentioned in this chapter are ahara (diet), swapna (sleep) and bramhacharya (celibacy). As diet is critical for the sustenance of life, it is the first of the three, followed by sleep and bramahacharya. Importance of a healthy and wholesome diet (in Sutra sthana , Chapter 27), various classification of dietary items (in Sutra Sthana, Chapter 25), wholesome and unwholesome diets (in Sutra Sthana, Chapter 25), the quantity of diet to be taken and the significance of a balanced diet (in Sutra Sthana, Chapter 5,) eight factors responsible for digestion of food and ahara vidhi vidhan (rules for diet described in Vimana Sthana Chapter 1), ahara parinamkara bhavas (factors affecting diet digestion mentioned in Sharir Sthana chapter 6), the dietary regimen according to different seasons (in Sutra Chapter 6) and the description of incompatible foods (in Charaka Sutra chapter 26).
The three upasthambhas or supporting pillars of body mentioned in this chapter are ahara (diet), swapna (sleep) and bramhacharya (celibacy). As diet is critical for the sustenance of life, it is the first of the three, followed by sleep and bramahacharya. Importance of a healthy and wholesome diet (in Sutra sthana , Chapter 27), various classification of dietary items (in Sutra Sthana, Chapter 25), wholesome and unwholesome diets (in Sutra Sthana, Chapter 25), the quantity of diet to be taken and the significance of a balanced diet (in Sutra Sthana, Chapter 5,) eight factors responsible for digestion of food and ahara vidhi vidhan (rules for diet described in Vimana Sthana Chapter 1), ahara parinamkara bhavas (factors affecting diet digestion mentioned in Sharir Sthana chapter 6), the dietary regimen according to different seasons (in Sutra Chapter 6) and the description of incompatible foods (in Charaka Sutra chapter 26).
The physiology of sleep, effects, and indications – contraindications of day sleep, effects of night awakening, methods and measures to induce good sleep, causes of insomnia, classification of sleep etc. are discussed in detail in Charaka Sutra Sthana Chapter 21.
The physiology of sleep, effects, and indications – contraindications of day sleep, effects of night awakening, methods and measures to induce good sleep, causes of insomnia, classification of sleep etc. are discussed in detail in Charaka Sutra Sthana Chapter 21.
Semen is considered as one of the factors useful in promoting strength and self- control, increasing pleasure, as well as increasing awareness in celibates of the importance of abstinence (from sex), leading to salvation. (Ch. Su. 30/15). Sukra kshaya (depletion of shukra) is considered as a causative factor for ‘pratiloma kshaya’(emaciation), which in turn may cause “Rajayakshama”, hence it has to be preserved. (Ch. Ni.6/8).
Semen is considered as one of the factors useful in promoting strength and self- control, increasing pleasure, as well as increasing awareness in celibates of the importance of abstinence (from sex), leading to salvation. (Ch. Su. 30/15). Sukra kshaya (depletion of shukra) is considered as a causative factor for ‘pratiloma kshaya’(emaciation), which in turn may cause “Rajayakshama”, hence it has to be preserved. (Ch. Ni.6/8).
When the appropriate use of these upasthmbhas is practised by an individual, he will be bestowed with excellence of strength. Hence, the next topic discussed is about bala or strength.
When the appropriate use of these upasthmbhas is practised by an individual, he will be bestowed with excellence of strength. Hence, the next topic discussed is about bala or strength.
Three ayatanas (causes of diseases)
==== Three types of bala (strength, immunity) ====
Strength is of three types i.e. sahaja (constitutional), kalaja (temporal) and yuktikruta (acquired):
# '''Sahaja bala''': It is an inherent characteristic property of an individual and is present since birth. It can be attributed to an equilibrium state of doshas and does not require any extraneous factor for its improvement.
# '''Kalaja bala''': It is dependent on seasonal variations and age of the person. Weakness prevails in adanakala (depleting strength-summer season), gaining of strength progressively is observed in visarga kala (increasing strength-winter season) and in middle of these two seasons, strength is moderate and this form of bala peaks during one’s middle age.
# '''Yuktikruta''': Acquired strength or immunity is attained by healthy practices related to diet like ghee, meat, milk etc. and activities such as proper rest, exercise etc. It can also be improved by the use of rejuvenation therapies.
In Ayurvedic texts word bala is used as a synonym of ojas and also for vyadhikshamatava (immunity). Charaka has considered normal kapha as bala. ''Sahaja bala'' can be considered as innate immunity while ''yuktikruta bala'' can be considered as acquired immunity that can be achieved by various methods like good quality diet, exercise, vaccination etc.
The assessment of ''sharirik bala'' (physical strength) is done by ''anumana'' (inference) by analyzing the capacity of an individual to do physical exercise (or his endurance) (Ch. Vi. 4/8).
With the knowledge of strength and the factors useful in maintaining it, one can achieve better strength for leading a healthy and long life. But if strength is not good and one indulges in activities or dietary practices that weaken one’s strength or immunity, then the individual may get afflicted with diseases.
==== Three ayatanas (causes of diseases) ====
Three causes of nija (bodily) diseases are- asatmya indriyartha samyoga (atiyoga, ayoga, mithyayoga) (unwholesome contact of sense organs with objects), pragnyaparadha (intellectual blasphemy) and parinama (consequence). The three causes of all the somatic and psychological diseases are mithyayoga, ayoga and atiyoga of kala (time), buddhi (intellect) and indriyartha (objects of senses) (Ch. Su. 1/54).
Desires are the root cause of all the miseries of life, and therefore, elimination of desires leads to eradication of all miseries. Just as a silkworm spins its thread around itself causing its own death, similarly, an ignorant person, bound to worldly miseries of his own creation, remains unhappy all his life. (Ch. Sa. 1/95). Impairment of dhi, dhruti and smriti (intellect, patience and memory), variations of natural seasons, advent of actions and unwholesome contact with the objects of senses are the causative factors of miseries (diseases) (Ch. Sa.1/ 98). The details may be referred to in Sharira Sthana chapter 1.
Desires are the root cause of all the miseries of life, and therefore, elimination of desires leads to eradication of all miseries. Just as a silkworm spins its thread around itself causing its own death, similarly, an ignorant person, bound to worldly miseries of his own creation, remains unhappy all his life. (Ch. Sa. 1/95). Impairment of dhi, dhruti and smriti (intellect, patience and memory), variations of natural seasons, advent of actions and unwholesome contact with the objects of senses are the causative factors of miseries (diseases) (Ch. Sa.1/ 98). The details may be referred to in Sharira Sthana chapter 1.
Pragnyaparadha: or intellectual blasphemy, includes forcible stimulation of natural urges. For example, excessive straining at passing stool may cause prolapsed rectum or rectal bleeding. Delay in treatment will aggravate the disease and complications may arise which may even cause death of the patient. Malice, vanity, fear, anger, greed, and ignorance may lead to psychological disorders.
Pragnyaparadha: or intellectual blasphemy, includes forcible stimulation of natural urges. For example, excessive straining at passing stool may cause prolapsed rectum or rectal bleeding. Delay in treatment will aggravate the disease and complications may arise which may even cause death of the patient. Malice, vanity, fear, anger, greed, and ignorance may lead to psychological disorders.