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== Etymology ==
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The word Tanmatra is made up of two words Tat+ Matra. Literary meaning ‘only that’. The term matra indicates the subtleness (Suksmatva)<ref>Gaudpadabhashya on ShriIshvarkrishnavirachitaSankhyakarika, Verse22 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953, P.20.</ref></div>
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=== Definition ===
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Tanmatras are trifled, rudimentary or subtle elements from which the grosser elements (mahabhoota) are produced.<ref>Sir Monnier Williams, Sanskrit English Dictionary, Southern Publication, Madras, 1987, P. 434.</ref> The shabdadi (subject of senses/ quality of Mahabhootas) which are anudbhuta (In evolutionary stage) and can not be sensed by external sense organs are ‘tanmatras’. Only a person with highly developed senses like yogi can experience it.<ref>Dalhan, NibandhSangraha commentary on SushrutSamhita,SharirSthana Chapter1,Verse 4,Chaukhamba Orientallia, Varanasi 1997,p. 339.</ref></div>
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== Types of tanmatras ==
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There are five sense perceptions -hearing, touch, sight, taste and smell and there are five tanmatras corresponding to the five-sense perception <ref>Gaudpadabhashya on ShriIshvarkrishnavirachitaSankhyakarika,Verse22 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953. P.4,5.</ref>
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These are five in number
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# Shabdatanmatra or sukshma akasha mahabhuta
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# Sparshatanmatra or sukshmavayumahabhuta
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# Rupa tanmatra or sukshmateja/agnimahabhuta
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# Rasa tanmatra or sukshmajala/aapmahabhuta
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# Gandhatanmatra or sukshmaprithvimahabhuta</div>
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=== Synonyms ===
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Sukshmabhoota<ref>Chakrapani, Ayurved Dipika Vyakhya on CharakaSamhitaSharirSthan Chapter 1, verse 63, ChaukhambaSurbharati Publication, 1992, P.293.</ref>, avishesha<ref>ShriIshvarkrishna ,Sankhyakarika, verse 38 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953. P.33.</ref>, paramanu<ref>Dr.V.J. Thakar, AyurvediyaMaulik Siddhant, Gujrat Ayurved University, Jamnagar,1985 P.135.</ref>. </div>
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== Concept of Tanmatra as per Sankhyaphilosophy ==
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While describing the surge of Universe the Sankhya explains the role of tanmatra.  Sankhya enlisted 25 principles behind creation of universe. These principles are classified into 4 categories according to their role in the surge.<ref>ShriIshvarkrishna ,Sankhyakarika verse 3 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953.P4.</ref></div>
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
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! Sr no.
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! Category
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! Name
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! Number
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|-
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| 1
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| Mulaprakriti (origin/ creator)
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| prakriti
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| 01
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|-
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| 2
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| Prakriti-vikriti (creator & creation dual nature)
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| Mahat<br/>Ahankar<br/>Panchtanmatra
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| 07
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|-
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| 3
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| Vikar (creation)
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| Panchamahabhoota (Five fundamental elements)<br/>Panchajnanendrya (Five sense organs)<br/>Panchakarmendriya (five motor organs)<br/>Mind (mana)
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| 16
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|-
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| 4
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| Na prakriti navikar (neither creator nor creation)
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| Purusha
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| 01
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|-
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|}
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According to Sankhyas at the initial stage the two original eternal principles are mulaprakruti or avyakta (principal origin) and purusha.
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Prakriti is the original state with balanced state of triguna, everything is in a mass and one thing cannot be distinguished from one another. Prakriti with the help of purusha causes the creation. <ref>Dr.D.L. Chary, A Textbook of PadarthaVijnanaEvumAyurvedItihasa,Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan,Delhi,2017, P.74.</ref></div>
    
== References ==
 
== References ==