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|title=Agni

|title=Agni

|titlemode=append

|titlemode=append

|keywords=Agni, Agni Meaning, concept of agni, digestion in ayurveda, metabolism, factors affecting digestion, digestive health, panchamahabhuta, Grahani Chikitsa, Pitta dosha, Jatharagni, Bhutagni, Dhatvagni, Charak Samhita, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, Indian system of medicine, alternative medicine

|keywords=Agni, Agni Meaning, concept of agni, digestion in ayurveda, metabolism, factors affecting digestion, digestive health, digestive disorders, prakriti and agni, Grahani Chikitsa, Pitta dosha, Jatharagni, Bhutagni, Dhatvagni, Deole Y.S., Basisht G., Bhojani M. Joglekar A., Kabadwal D., Charak Samhita, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, Indian system of medicine, alternative medicine

|description=Agni includes digestive or metabolic factors.

|description=Agni includes digestive or metabolic factors.

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|type=article

|type=article

}}

}}

 

<p style='text-align:justify;'>‘Agni’ literally means fire.  In [[Ayurveda]] biology, agni denotes all factors responsible for digestion and metabolism/transformation. (Code:SAT-B.488)<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat</ref>  It is the heat (ushma) generated from [[pitta dosha]] in the body. Therefore, all functions of agni are similar to [[pitta dosha]].   

‘Agni’ literally means fire.  In [[Ayurveda]] biology, agni denotes all factors responsible for digestion and metabolism/transformation. (Code:SAT-B.488)<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat</ref>  It is the heat (ushma) generated from [[pitta dosha]] in the body. Therefore, all functions of agni are similar to [[pitta dosha]].   

 

In [[panchamahabhuta]] (five fundamental elements), [[agni mahabhuta]] is the fire element. It is responsible for the transformation or change in the form of an element.  This [[agni mahabhuta]] in macrocosm is represented by agni in microcosm of human body.

In [[panchamahabhuta]] (five fundamental elements), [[agni mahabhuta]] is the fire element. It is responsible for the transformation or change in the form of an element.  This [[agni mahabhuta]] in macrocosm is represented by agni in microcosm of human body.

   

  </p>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|title =  Contributors

|title =  Contributors

|data1 = Health / Agni (digestion capacity and digestive health)

|data1 = Health / Agni (digestion capacity and digestive health)

|label2 = Author

|label2 = Author

|data2 = Deole Y.S.

|data2 = [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]]¹

|label3 = Reviewed by  

|label3 = Co-authors

|data3 = Basisht G.

|label4 = Affiliations

|label4 = Reviewed by  

|data4 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar

|data4 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]⁴

|label5 = Correspondence email:

|label5 = Affiliations

|data5 = carakasamhita@gmail.com

|data5 = ¹ Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabhvidya Nagar, Anand, Gujarat, India

|label6 = Publisher  

 

|data6 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India

²Department of Sharir Kriya, A.I.I.A. , New Delhi, India

|label7 = Date of first publication:

 

|data7 = September 13, 2021

³ Department of Samhita Siddhant, A.I.I.A., New Delhi, India

|label8 = DOI

 

|data8 = 10.47468/CSNE.2021.e01.s09.073  

|label6 = Correspondence email:

|data6 = dryogeshdeole@gmail.com, 

carakasamhita@gmail.com

|label7 = Publisher  

|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India

|label8 = Date of first publication:

|data8 = September 13, 2021

|label9 = DOI

|data9 = 10.47468/CSNE.2021.e01.s09.073  

}}

}}

== Importance ==

== Importance ==

<div style="text-align:justify;">   

<div style="text-align:justify;">   

Agni is a crucial factor in life. Agni has been meant to be sign of healthy life in the body.<ref>Agrawal AK, Yadav CR, Meena MS. Physiological aspects of Agni. Ayu. 2010 Jul;31(3):395-8. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.77159. PMID: 22131747; PMCID: PMC3221079.</ref>  Diminution of agni is life-threatening. Normal functioning of agni leads to longevity. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/4] Sustenance of life, complexion, strength, health, nourishment, luster, [[ojas]], teja (energy) and prana (life energy) depend on the status of agni in the body. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/3] The quantity of diet is decided by agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 4/3] The digestion of food, metabolism, transformation, and nutrition of tissues depend on status of agni.  

Agni is a crucial factor in life. Agni has been meant to be sign of healthy life in the body.<ref name=Agrawal>Agrawal AK, Yadav CR, Meena MS. Physiological aspects of Agni. Ayu. 2010 Jul;31(3):395-8. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.77159. PMID: 22131747; PMCID: PMC3221079.</ref>  Diminution of agni is life-threatening. Normal functioning of agni leads to longevity. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/4] Sustenance of life, complexion, strength, health, nourishment, luster, [[ojas]], teja (energy) and prana (life energy) depend on the status of agni in the body. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/3] The quantity of diet is decided by agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 4/3] The digestion of food, metabolism, transformation, and nutrition of tissues depend on status of agni.  

   

   

It is an important factor for the assessment of health and disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8]  State of equilibrium of agni is an important component of health. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 13/41]<ref>Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref> All diseases are caused due to impaired agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13] Proper metabolism is key to good health. Agni is the energy that drives all metabolic processes.<ref>Payyappallimana U, Venkatasubramanian P. Exploring Ayurvedic Knowledge on Food and Health for Providing Innovative Solutions to Contemporary Healthcare. Front Public Health. 2016;4:57. Published 2016 Mar 31. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00057</ref>  Selection of medicine, route and time of administration is decided based on agni of the individual.  The preparatory procedures of panchakarma like oleation therapy ([[snehana]]), dose of unctuous medicine, purification protocol and its follow up measures are subjected to assessment of agni.  

It is an important factor for the assessment of health and disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8]  State of equilibrium of agni is an important component of health. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 13/41]<ref>Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref> All diseases are caused due to impaired agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13] Proper metabolism is key to good health. Agni is the energy that drives all metabolic processes.<ref>Payyappallimana U, Venkatasubramanian P. Exploring Ayurvedic Knowledge on Food and Health for Providing Innovative Solutions to Contemporary Healthcare. Front Public Health. 2016;4:57. Published 2016 Mar 31. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00057</ref>  Selection of medicine, route and time of administration is decided based on agni of the individual.  The preparatory procedures of panchakarma like oleation therapy ([[snehana]]), dose of unctuous medicine, purification protocol and its follow up measures are subjected to assessment of agni.  

[[File:Pitta dosha and Agni.jpg|thumb|right|'''Fig.1: Agni and Pitta dosha''']]

[[File:Pitta dosha and Agni.jpg|thumb|right|'''Fig.1: Agni and Pitta dosha''']]

Agni is present in the form of [[pitta dosha]] in the body. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 12/11] [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/9] It is a separate entity than [[pitta dosha]] as observed through various references.<ref>Agrawal AK, Yadav CR, Meena MS. Physiological aspects of Agni. Ayu. 2010;31(3):395-398. doi:10.4103/0974-8520.77159</ref> [[Pitta dosha]] can be considered as the facilitator for the process of agni.

Agni is present in the form of [[pitta dosha]] in the body. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 12/11] [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/9] It is a separate entity than [[pitta dosha]] as observed through various references.<ref name=Agrawal/> [[Pitta dosha]] can be considered as the facilitator for the process of agni.

The similarities and differences between Agni and Pitta can be given as below-

The similarities and differences between Agni and Pitta can be given as below-

This agni is responsible for all amylolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes secreted by various exocrine glands in the gut, which actually cause digestion, i.e., breaking down different macromolecules into their constituent units.<ref>Patwardhan K/ Vidhi Vimarsha of Grahani Chikitsa. In Charak Samhita New Edition. Available from https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Grahani_Chikitsa#Areas_of_Further_Research</ref>   

This agni is responsible for all amylolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes secreted by various exocrine glands in the gut, which actually cause digestion, i.e., breaking down different macromolecules into their constituent units.<ref>Patwardhan K/ Vidhi Vimarsha of Grahani Chikitsa. In Charak Samhita New Edition. Available from https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Grahani_Chikitsa#Areas_of_Further_Research</ref>   

2. Bhutagni has five fundamental elements, corresponding to respective mahabhuta. Those are: parthiva ([[prithvi mahabhuta]] dominant), apya ([[jala mahabhuta]] dominant), tejasa (teja or [[agni mahabhuta]] dominant), vayavya ( [[vayu mahabhuta]] dominant) and nabhasa ( [[akasha mahabhuta]] dominant). They act on the corresponding substrate based on [[mahabhuta]] composition to make them homologous to body constituents. This includes factors responsible for digestion and metabolism at the organic level. Five types of bhutagni act after jatharagni, but before dhatvagni on the food and its metabolites. This represents the basic metabolism of various food components and minerals at hepatic level like carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.  

2. [[Bhutagni]] has five fundamental elements, corresponding to respective mahabhuta. Those are: parthiva ([[prithvi mahabhuta]] dominant), apya ([[jala mahabhuta]] dominant), tejasa (teja or [[agni mahabhuta]] dominant), vayavya ( [[vayu mahabhuta]] dominant) and nabhasa ( [[akasha mahabhuta]] dominant). They act on the corresponding substrate based on [[mahabhuta]] composition to make them homologous to body constituents. This includes factors responsible for digestion and metabolism at the organic level. Five types of [[bhutagni]] act after jatharagni, but before [[dhatvagni]] on the food and its metabolites. This represents the basic metabolism of various food components and minerals at hepatic level like carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.  

This agni carries out the absorption of nutrients in the liver, which plays an essential role in metabolism. Several processes such as trans-amination, de-amination, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, glycolysis etc. take place in the liver. Therefore, the overall intermediary metabolism (involving fats, carbohydrates and proteins) can be understood as the functioning of the bhutagni.  

This agni carries out the absorption of nutrients in the liver, which plays an essential role in metabolism. Several processes such as trans-amination, de-amination, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, glycolysis etc. take place in the liver. Therefore, the overall intermediary metabolism (involving fats, carbohydrates and proteins) can be understood as the functioning of the [[bhutagni]].  

[[File:Three classes of agni.jpg|thumb|right| '''Fig.2: Three classes of agni''']]

[[File:Three classes of agni.jpg|thumb|right| '''Fig.2: Three classes of agni''']]

3. Dhatvagni is present in the seven body tissue components ([[rasa dhatu]], [[rakta dhatu]] , [[mamsa dhatu]], [[meda dhatu]], [[majja dhatu]], [[asthi dhatu]] and [[shukra dhatu]]) and is responsible for transformation of one dhatu into another namely rasagni, raktagni, mamsagni, medo-agni, majjo-agni, asthi agni and shukra agni. This includes factors responsible for digestion and metabolism at [[dhatu]] (various tissues). This includes the endocrine and exocrine secretions, neurotransmitter and other chemical factors.  

3. [[Dhatvagni]] is present in the seven body tissue components ([[rasa dhatu]], [[rakta dhatu]] , [[mamsa dhatu]], [[meda dhatu]], [[majja dhatu]], [[asthi dhatu]] and [[shukra dhatu]]) and is responsible for transformation of one dhatu into another namely rasagni, raktagni, mamsagni, medo-agni, majjo-agni, asthi agni and shukra agni. This includes factors responsible for digestion and metabolism at [[dhatu]] (various tissues). This includes the endocrine and exocrine secretions, neurotransmitter and other chemical factors.  

The small portions of agni are present in each [[dhatu]].  The increase or decrease of these agni leads to depletion or overproduction of [[dhatu]] respectively. [A.Hri. Sutra Sthana 11/24] This suggests the negative feedback and autoregulatory mechanism of agni.   

The small portions of agni are present in each [[dhatu]].  The increase or decrease of these agni leads to depletion or overproduction of [[dhatu]] respectively. [A.Hri. Sutra Sthana 11/24] This suggests the negative feedback and autoregulatory mechanism of agni.   

All hormones (such as insulin, growth hormone, thyroid hormones, testosterone etc.) that promote the transportation of various nutrients into the cells, along with the enzymes participating in the Kreb’s cycle, are to be included under the term dhatvagni.  

All hormones (such as insulin, growth hormone, thyroid hormones, testosterone etc.) that promote the transportation of various nutrients into the cells, along with the enzymes participating in the Kreb’s cycle, are to be included under the term [[dhatvagni]].  

All three classes with thirteen agni are interconnected and interdependent. The energy mechanism takes place in every body cell. This shows agni is present in every cell. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. The release of adenocine tri phosphate (ATP) to give energy is an example of agni working at cellular level.

All three classes with thirteen agni are interconnected and interdependent. The energy mechanism takes place in every body cell. This shows agni is present in every cell. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. The release of adenocine tri phosphate (ATP) to give energy is an example of agni working at cellular level.

The consumption of [[dravya]] like ghee, Drakshasava, Snehapana or Snehakarma in general can lead to the ignition and improvement of the status of agni [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 13/43] , [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]13/58] , [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/4] , [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/201]. [[Deepana]] and [[pachana]] are lead to the ignition of agni and digestion of [[ama]] result in proper functioning of the agni [Sharangdhar Samhita Prathama Khanda 4/3-4]. The consumption of [[rasayana]] like Chyavanprasha , Bhallataka rasayana help in improving the agni and digestive function in general [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/74] , [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/17].

The consumption of [[dravya]] like ghee, Drakshasava, Snehapana or Snehakarma in general can lead to the ignition and improvement of the status of agni [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 13/43] , [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]13/58] , [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/4] , [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/201]. [[Deepana]] and [[pachana]] are lead to the ignition of agni and digestion of [[ama]] result in proper functioning of the agni [Sharangdhar Samhita Prathama Khanda 4/3-4]. The consumption of [[rasayana]] like Chyavanprasha , Bhallataka rasayana help in improving the agni and digestive function in general [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/1/74] , [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/17].

==== 12. [[prakriti]] ====

==== 12. [[Prakriti]] (body constitution) ====

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|+ Table : Relation of jatharagni with [[prakriti]] [Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8]

|+Table : Relation of jatharagni with [[prakriti]]

|-

|-

! Strength of jatharagni !! [[Prakriti]]

! Strength of jatharagni !! [[Prakriti]]

|-

|-

| Sama (Equilibrium)|| Equilibrium (Sama) [[Prakriti]]   

| Sama (Equilibrium)|| Equilibrium (Sama) [[Prakriti]]   

|}

|}

Singh A, Patwardhan K. et. al. developed and validated a self-assessment tool to estimate strength of agni. The study also evaluated the practical utility of developed tool by recording serum lipid parameters. Lipid parameters vary significantly according to the status of agni.<ref>Singh A, Singh G,  Patwardhan K, Gehlot S. Development, Validation and Verification of a Self-Assessment Tool to Estimate Agnibala (Digestive Strength). J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jan;22(1):134-140. doi: 10.1177/2156587216656117. Epub 2016 Jul 4.</ref>

Singh A, Patwardhan K. et. al. developed and validated a self-assessment tool to estimate strength of agni. The study also evaluated the practical utility of developed tool by recording serum lipid parameters. Lipid parameters vary significantly according to the status of agni.<ref>Singh A, Singh G,  Patwardhan K, Gehlot S. Development, Validation and Verification of a Self-Assessment Tool to Estimate Agnibala (Digestive Strength). J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jan;22(1):134-140. doi: 10.1177/2156587216656117. Epub 2016 Jul 4.</ref>

      

      

Eswaran H. T. et. al. prepared an agni assessment scale comprising 64 questions to evaluate the four types of agni. The study has validated a scale for internal consistency.<ref>Eswaran HT, Kavita MB, Tripaty TB, and Shivakumar. Formation and validation of questionnaire to assess Jāṭharāgni. Anc Sci Life.2015 Apr-Jun; 34(4): 203–209.</ref>

Eswaran H. T. et. al. prepared an agni assessment scale comprising 64 questions to evaluate the four types of agni. The study has validated a scale for internal consistency.<ref name=Eswaran>Eswaran HT, Kavita MB, Tripathy TB, and Shivakumar. Formation and validation of questionnaire to assess Jāṭharāgni. Anc Sci Life.2015 Apr-Jun; 34(4): 203–209.</ref>

    

    

Patil VC, Baghel MS et. al. developed formulae to assess the digestive functions (agni) during the administration of snehana (internal oleation).<ref>Patil VC, Baghel MS, Thakar AB. Assessment of [[agni]] (digestive process) and [[koshtha]] (bowel movement with special reference to abhyantara [[snehana]] (internal oleation). Ancient Sci. Life. 2008; 28:26-28</ref>

Patil VC, Baghel MS et. al. developed formulae to assess the digestive functions (agni) during the administration of snehana (internal oleation).<ref>Patil VC, Baghel MS, Thakar AB. Assessment of [[agni]] (digestive process) and [[koshtha]] (bowel movement with special reference to abhyantara [[snehana]] (internal oleation). Ancient Sci. Life. 2008; 28:26-28</ref>

'''1. Vitiation of jatharagni:''' Disorders of digestive system, indigestion, acid peptic diseases, irritable bowel syndrome  

'''1. Vitiation of jatharagni:''' Disorders of digestive system, indigestion, acid peptic diseases, irritable bowel syndrome  

'''2. Vitiation of bhutagni:''' Disorders in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism at hepatic level, disorders due to fluid and electrolytes imbalance  

'''2. Vitiation of [[bhutagni]]:''' Disorders in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism at hepatic level, disorders due to fluid and electrolytes imbalance  

   

   

'''3. Vitiation of dhatvagni:''' Disorders of tissue metabolism and systems related to various dhatu and srotasa

'''3. Vitiation of [[dhatvagni]]:''' Disorders of tissue metabolism and systems related to various dhatu and srotasa

The respective biomarkers and diagnostic assessment tools can be utilized to understand pathophysiology of these diseases.  

The respective biomarkers and diagnostic assessment tools can be utilized to understand pathophysiology of these diseases.  

=== I. Lowered state of agni ===  

=== I. Lowered state of agni ===  

The lowered functions of agni can be managed by administration of low dose of unctuous substance (sneha) to kindle it. Deepana (stimulation) of agni is the main therapy.  Various dietary recipes, lifestyle modifications, panchakarma therapies and medicines are prescribed in management of grahani are prescribed for restoring equilibrium state of agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15] The food, beverages and medicines with hot potency, sour and pungent taste are prescribed to kindle agni.  [[Langhana]] (therapeutic fasting) is an important measure in the management of vitiation of agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/276]  

The lowered functions of agni can be managed by administration of low dose of unctuous substance (sneha) to kindle it. [[Deepana]] (stimulation) of agni is the main therapy.  Various dietary recipes, lifestyle modifications, panchakarma therapies and medicines are prescribed in management of grahani are prescribed for restoring equilibrium state of agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15] The food, beverages and medicines with hot potency, sour and pungent taste are prescribed to kindle agni.  [[Langhana]] (therapeutic fasting) is an important measure in the management of vitiation of agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/276]  

=== Food and beverages to kindle agni ===

=== Food and beverages to kindle agni ===

=== Therapeutic procedures ===

=== Therapeutic procedures ===

* Therapeutic purgation (virechana) [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/18]

* Therapeutic purgation ([[virechana]]) [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/18]

* Therapeutic enema with decoction (niruha basti) [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/42]

* Therapeutic enema with decoction (niruha [[basti]]) [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/42]

===Treatment for excess agni ===

===Treatment for excess agni ===

    

    

Excess agni is generally caused due to vitiation of pitta dosha. Hence treatment of pitta dosha is prescribed. The other condition is obstruction of vata dosha by excess fats (medasavritta vata), it causes excess stimulation of agni and polyphagia. This condition is treated with reducing therapy for fats (meda dhatu). It normalizes vata dosha and reduces appetite.  

Excess agni is generally caused due to vitiation of [[pitta dosha]]. Hence treatment of [[pitta dosha]] is prescribed. The other condition is obstruction of [[vata dosha]] by excess fats (medasavritta vata), it causes excess stimulation of agni and polyphagia. This condition is treated with reducing therapy for fats ([[meda dhatu]]). It normalizes [[vata dosha]] and reduces appetite.  

* Paravata fruit (Garcinia cowa ROxb.) is used to reduce agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/134]  

* Paravata fruit (Garcinia cowa ROxb.) is used to reduce agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/134]  

* The alangy / ankota phala (alangium salviifolium (Linn.F.) Wang.) is used to reduce excess heat caused by agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/159]  

* The alangy / ankota phala (alangium salviifolium (Linn.F.) Wang.) is used to reduce excess heat caused by agni. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 27/159]  

* Peya (thin gruel)

* Peya (thin gruel)

* Therapeutic purgation (virechana) [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/18]

* Therapeutic purgation ([[virechana]]) [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/18]

== Future areas of research ==

==Current researches==

 

Many review articles throwing light upon understanding the physiological functioning of Agni  in context to jatharagni are available in the public domain. Few important points like  the explanation of  the digestive and metabolic functions of Agni mention of various types of dietetic materials are digested by their own agni ([[bhutagni]]), encouraged and enhanced by antaragni (jatharagni), which is further digested and metabolized by [[dhatvagni]] to associate the body with the nutritional strength, complexion and happy life along with providing energy to the seven dhatus are discussed in the articles.<ref name=Agrawal/>

 

 

   

   

Research is needed to study the biological effects of various factors mentioned above. The role of hormones like insulin, thyroid hormones, growth hormones in regulating tissue metabolism is well studied. However, the pharmacological effect of various dietary recipes, lifestyle factors and medicinal formulations on these hormones needs to be elaborated. The focused study on relation of agni with theories of epigenetics, inflammation, gut microbiome can produce insightful outcomes and new treatment options.

The assessment of the state of agni is very crucial in the practice of [[ayurveda]]. It acts as a window first to understand the individual's digestive system. Secondly the metabolism (digestion and absorption) of the food and medicine in an individual is based on the state of agni. There are very few or no tools based on Ayurveda to assess agni. Interviewing an individual based on a questionnaire will serve as effective tool in analysing the state of agni.<ref name=Eswaran/>

The personalized medicine and personalized diet patterns depend completely of individualistic patterns of agni. The concept can provide leads beyond current theories of calorie consumption and nutrition.

 

'''Efficacy of samsarjana krama in a patient with agnimandya due to [[vyadhi]] sankar: A case study'''

The effect of agni on thermoregulation, bio-energetics, pharmacological mechanisms are some key areas of research.  

The case mentioned above was diagnosed with [[vyadhi]] sankara (complicated disease condition) in terms of [[ayurveda]], patient’s condition was deteriorating, because of the agnimandya. The dietary advice was given on the line of sansarjana krama in order to improve the status of agni, which was the root cause for multiple ailments. The agni improved and also nutritional status showed a little improvement with relief of symptoms like nausea, palpitation, pallor and cracking of lips after treatment.<ref>Mukta, Rao MV, Arora J.Efficacy of Samsarjanakrama in a patient with Agnimandya due to vyadhi sankar: A case study. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2021 Jan-Mar;12(1):182-186. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.01.004. Epub 2021 Feb 27. PMID: 33648827; PMCID: PMC8039330.</ref> 

=== Theses done ===

=== Theses done ===

1. Correlation of Jaṭharagni and Dhatvagni by S.N.Tiwari, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, Banaras Hindu university, Varanasi,1969

1. S.N.Tiwari. Correlation of Jaṭharagni and [[Dhatvagni]]. Dept. of Kayachikitsa, Banaras Hindu university, Varanasi,1969

 

 

2. Relation of Jaṭharagni and Dhatvagni clinical and experimental study by A.K.Mishra, Dept. of Kayacikitsa, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 1972.

4. Govind Ram Paysi. Agni Vivechana. Dept. of Basic Principles, N.I.A. Rajasthan University Jaipur, 1985.

3. Concept of Jaṭharagni by Tiwari Ashutosh, Dept of Basic Principles, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 1980.

5. Madhavilatta G. Bhatt. Concept of Dhatu and [[Dhatvagni]] W.S.R. to Asṭhi dhatu and Asṭhyagni. Dept. of Basic Principles, I.P.G.T.& R.A. Jamnagar,1995.

4. Agni Vivecana by Govind Ram Paysi, Dept. of Basic Principles, N.I.A. Rajasthan University Jaipur, 1985.

6. Srividya Iyer. Concept of Bhaishajya Kaala and its applicability in relation to Agni w.s.r. to Amlapitta. Dept. of Basic Principles, I.P.G.T.& R.A. Jamnagar,2003.

5. Concept of Dhatu and Dhatvagni W.S.R. to Asṭhi dhatu and Asṭhyagni By Madhavilatta G. Bhatt, Dept. of Basic Principles, I.P.G.T.& R.A. Jamnagar,1995.

7. Manish Dhanani. Kale cha Arabhate Karma Yattat Sadhyati Dhruvam in context of Jatharagni-Mandya. Dept. of Basic Principles, I.P.G.T.& R.A. Jamnagar,2005.

6. Doşadhātumalakşayavŗddhivijñānīya Adhyāya of Suśruta Saṃhitā & Assessment of the principle “Pūrvah pūrvoativŗddhatvātvardhayeddhi param” in context of Raktakşaya by Vaibhav Dadu, Dept. of Basic principles, I.P.G.T.& R.A. Jamnagar, 2007.

8. Vaibhav Dadu.  Doşadhātumalakşayavŗddhivijñānīya Adhyāya of Suśruta Saṃhitā & Assessment of the principle “Pūrvah pūrvoativŗddhatvātvardhayeddhi param” in context of Raktakşaya . Dept. of Basic principles, I.P.G.T.& R.A. Jamnagar, 2007.

 

 

 

 

The effect of agni on thermoregulation, bio-energetics, pharmacological mechanisms are some key areas of research.  

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==Related chapters==

==Related chapters==

[[Grahani Chikitsa Adhyaya]], [[Trividhakukshiya Vimana Adhyaya]], [[Ahara vidhi]]

[[Grahani Chikitsa Adhyaya]], [[Trividhakukshiya Vimana Adhyaya]], [[Rasa Vimana Adhyaya]], [[Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya]], [[Agni mahabhuta]], [[Ahara vidhi]], [[Dhatvagni]], [[Bhutagni]], [[Acid peptic diseases‎‎]], [[Deepana]], [[Pachana]]  

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