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{{#seo:

|title=Arthedashmahamooliya Adhyaya

|title=Arthedashmahamooliya Adhyaya

|titlemode=append

|titlemode=append

|keywords=Hṛidaya, ojas, shira, dhamani, srotas, classification of Ayu, quality of life, good life, happy life, beneficial life,Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|keywords=Hṛidaya, ojas, sira, dhamani, srotas, classification of Ayu, quality of life, good life, happy life, beneficial life,Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.[[Hṛidaya]], [[ojas]], [[shira]], [[dhamani]], [[srotas]], classification of [[Ayu]], [[Ayurveda]], Indian system of mediicine, quality of life, lifespan, medical education, specialties of [[Ayurveda]].

|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 30. The Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life

|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 30. The Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life

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|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

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<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 30. The Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life'''</big>

<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 30. The Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life'''</big>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label7 = Reviewer  

|label7 = Reviewer  

|data7  = Gujarathi R.

|data7  = Gujarathi R.

|label8 = Editor

|label8 = Editors

|data8  = Dwivedi R.B.

|data8  = Dwivedi R.B., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label9 = Date of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 = December 17, 2018

|data9 = 2020

|label10 = DOI

|label10 = Publisher

|data10  = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.032 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.032]

|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.032 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.032]

}}

}}

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<div style="text-align:justify;">The last chapter emphasizes some of the fundamental principles of life, health and disease. The chapter begins with a description of the heart and ten great vessels attached to it and talks about several aspects of vital importance such as shira, dhamani, srotas, ojas, etc. The salient features of good Ayurvedic practitioner, complete definition of Ayu and [[Ayurveda]] are provided in this chapter. The specific characteristics of quality of life are described in this chapter under the heading of hitayu(beneficial life). Further non-beneficial, happy and unhappy kinds of life have also been described in the chapter.  The most important objective of [[Ayurveda]] about preservation of health of the healthy and pacification of diseases in the patients is highlighted in this chapter.  The structure of treatise, its sections, means to study and understand are narrated. At last, a comprehensive list of all chapters in this entire treatise has been provided. </div>

'''Keywords''': [[Hṛidaya]], [[ojas]], [[sira]], [[dhamani]], [[srotas]], channels of transportation and transformation, vessels, heart, vitality, classification of [[Ayu]], [[Ayurveda]], Indian system of mediicine, quality of life, lifespan, medical education, specialties of [[Ayurveda]].

 

'''Keywords''': ''Hṛidaya, ojas, shira, dhamani, srotas,'' classification of ''Ayu''.

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

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''Mahat'' and ''artha'' are two synonyms that indicate ''hridaya'' (heart), used in this context exclusively in the literature related to medical science and not elsewhere. After the description of ''hridaya'' and the ten great vessels that originate there and elaborating further on ''ojas, shira, dhamani, strotas,'' etc., it further describes ''Ayu'' and the difference between happy, unhappy, beneficial, and non-beneficial kinds of life. These were briefly mentioned in the first chapter, but here these have been elaborated. The estimation of the lifespan of an individual when unexpected signs and symptoms appear and the role of self-realization and nonviolence in enhancing the longevity of life has been elaborated. Questions like ‘Why is [[Ayurveda]] eternal?’ have been taken up in this chapter. Since this is the last chapter of the [[Sutra Sthana]], it also provides an extensive ‘Table of Contents' of the entire text including an elaborate explanation of the sequence of chapters.

''Mahat'' and ''artha'' are two synonyms that indicate [[hridaya]] (heart), used in this context exclusively in the literature related to medical science and not elsewhere. After the description of [[hridaya]] and the ten great vessels that originate there and elaborating further on [[ojas]], [[sira]], [[dhamani]], [[srotas]],etc., it further describes [[Ayu]] and the difference between happy, unhappy, beneficial, and non-beneficial kinds of life. These were briefly mentioned in the first chapter, but here these have been elaborated. The estimation of the lifespan of an individual when unexpected signs and symptoms appear and the role of self-realization and nonviolence in enhancing the longevity of life has been elaborated. Questions like ‘Why is [[Ayurveda]] eternal?’ have been taken up in this chapter. Since this is the last chapter of the [[Sutra Sthana]], it also provides an extensive ‘Table of Contents' of the entire text including an elaborate explanation of the sequence of chapters.

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Now we shall expound the chapter "Arthedashmahamooliya" (Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

Now we shall expound the chapter "Arthedashmahamooliya" (Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

=== Importance of Hridaya (heart) ===

=== Importance of [[Hridaya]] (heart) ===

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Ten great vessels originate in the heart and are considered very important. The synonyms of the ‘heart' as given by the scholars are ''mahat, artha, and hridaya''. ''Shadanga'' (six divisions of the body, i.e., four limbs, head, and torso), internal organs, consciousness, motor and sensory organs, five objects of sensory perceptions, and the soul (along with its attributes such as joy, etc.), mind and objects of the mind - are all located in the heart (i.e., are dependent on the functioning of the heart). [3-4]

Ten great vessels originate in the heart and are considered very important. The synonyms of the ‘heart' as given by the scholars are mahat, artha and [[hridaya]]. ''Shadanga'' (six divisions of the body, i.e., four limbs, head, and torso), internal organs, consciousness, motor and sensory organs, five objects of sensory perceptions, and the soul (along with its attributes such as joy, etc.), mind and objects of the mind - are all located in the heart (i.e., are dependent on the functioning of the heart). [3-4]

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The heart sustains tactile perception, life, and body. That the heart is the supreme location of ''ojas'' and the locus of consciousness is the reason why physicians call it ''hridaya, mahat,'' or ''artha''. [7]

The heart sustains tactile perception, life, and body. That the heart is the supreme location of [[ojas]] and the locus of consciousness is the reason why physicians call it [[hridaya]], mahat,'' or ''artha''. [7]

=== The importance of ''ojas'' and its seat at heart ===

=== The importance of [[ojas]] and its seat at heart ===

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Arising from the heart are the ten great vessels that carry ''ojas'', pulsating in this body and suffusing thoroughly. [8]

Arising from the heart are the ten great vessels that carry [[ojas]], pulsating in this body and suffusing thoroughly. [8]

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It is the ''ojas'', located within the heart, that keeps all the beings content and alive. It is the essence in the fertilization and the essence of ''rasa'' in the embryo. It enters the heart during cardiogenesis, and its deficiency or loss leads to degeneration of the body. It is the seat of the essence of unctuous body fluids and vital life forces. Thus, the ''ojas'' is supremely important since it results in multiple benefits. [9-12]

It is the [[ojas]], located within the heart, that keeps all the beings content and alive. It is the essence in the fertilization and the essence of [[rasa]] in the embryo. It enters the heart during cardiogenesis, and its deficiency or loss leads to degeneration of the body. It is the seat of the essence of unctuous body fluids and vital life forces. Thus, the [[ojas]] is supremely important since it results in multiple benefits. [9-12]

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Because of pulsation (''dhma''), some of those (vessels) are called ''dhamanyah''. Since fluids move out because of pulsation of the heart (''Sravana'', i.e., ebbing out) some of these vessels are called ''strotas''. Some of the vessels carry the contents forward (''sarana''), are called ''shirah''.[12]

Because of pulsation (''dhma''), some of those (vessels) are called [[dhamani]]. Since fluids move out because of pulsation of the heart (''Sravana'', i.e., ebbing out) some of these vessels are called [[strotas]]. Some of the vessels carry the contents forward (''sarana''), are called [[sirah]].[12]

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The heart, the great vessels, and the ''ojas'' need to be protected and preserved. To achieve this, one has to avoid causes of mental suffering especially. Diet, drugs, and behavior that are beneficial for the heart, for the formation of ''ojas'' and for keeping the vessels clear (or unblocked) should be adopted, along with the pursuit of mental peace and wisdom. [13-14]

The heart, the great vessels, and the [[ojas]] need to be protected and preserved. To achieve this, one has to avoid causes of mental suffering especially. Diet, drugs, and behavior that are beneficial for the heart, for the formation of [[ojas]] and for keeping the vessels clear (or unblocked) should be adopted, along with the pursuit of mental peace and wisdom. [13-14]

=== Best factors for life ===

=== Best factors for life ===

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Out of the four ''vedas'' – ''rk, yajus, sama,'' and ''atharva'' - physicians owe their loyalty to the ''Atharva Veda'' because this deals with the treatment of diseases by resorting to various practices like sacrifices, prayers, and chants, charity, moral discipline, the atonement of sins, austere practices like fasts, etc. These are advocated for treatment as well as for living a healthy, long life. [21]

Out of the four [[veda]] – The Rigveda, Yajurvedas, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. The physicians owe their loyalty to the ''Atharva Veda'' because this deals with the treatment of diseases by resorting to various practices like sacrifices, prayers, and chants, charity, moral discipline, the atonement of sins, austere practices like fasts, etc. These are advocated for treatment as well as for living a healthy, long life. [21]

==== The meaning of Ayu ====

==== The meaning of Ayu ====

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles)==

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles)==

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*The heart is a vital organ with ten channels, circulating ''ojas'', responsible for maintaining life.

*The heart is a vital organ with ten channels, circulating [[ojas]], responsible for maintaining life.

*The heart is the center for psycho-cognitive functions and distinct spiritual characters. It has complex bidirectional inter-relationship with a brain.

*The heart is the center for psycho-cognitive functions and distinct spiritual characters. It has complex bidirectional inter-relationship with a brain.

*Presence and absence of ''ojas'' is an indicator of life and death.  

*Presence and absence of [[ojas]] is an indicator of life and death.  

*The heart, ten channels, and ''ojas'' are nourished by diet, exercise, and peaceful mind. The heart and ''ojas'' shall be specifically protected from mental sufferings.   

*The heart, ten channels, and [[ojas]] are nourished by diet, exercise, and peaceful mind. The heart and [[ojas]] shall be specifically protected from mental sufferings.   

*Non-violence is the utmost one to bestow longevity of living beings.  

*Non-violence is the utmost one to bestow longevity of living beings.  

*Valor is the best among promoters of strength.  

*Valor is the best among promoters of strength.  

*Discovery/understanding/realization is the best one for feeling exalted/ecstatic.

*Discovery/understanding/realization is the best one for feeling exalted/ecstatic.

*Celibacy is the most effective factor in the path for self-realization.

*Celibacy is the most effective factor in the path for self-realization.

*''Ayu'' (life) is the continuity of consciousness, being alive, bonding with the body and its sustenance. [[Ayurveda]] deals with its beneficial factors to stay healthy and happy.  

*[[Ayu]] (life) is the continuity of consciousness, being alive, bonding with the body and its sustenance. [[Ayurveda]] deals with its beneficial factors to stay healthy and happy.  

*The end of a lifespan is signaled by various abnormal changes in the sensory perception, in the objects of perception, in mind, in the intellect, and in movement.

*The end of a lifespan is signaled by various abnormal changes in the sensory perception, in the objects of perception, in mind, in the intellect, and in movement.

*[[Ayurveda]] is eternal because of the following: It has no beginning; its characteristics are self-evident, and those of things dealt with it are eternal.

*[[Ayurveda]] is eternal because of the following: It has no beginning; its characteristics are self-evident, and those of things dealt with it are eternal.

Besides increased incidence of diseases in humans, there is increasing polarization and intolerance in our societies causing discord and violence. There is environmental degradation of the planet evidenced by global warming and increased pollution. All these phenomena imply a deteriorating health of humans, society and the planet at large. [[Ayurveda]] considers the human individual as a microcosm that reflects the health of the universe at large – the macrocosm. A healthy planet would need to have healthy societies, requiring healthy human beings. Imbalances within the bodily elements – the [[dosha]], [[dhatu]],etc. – lead to imbalances between the individual and his environment. This underscores the value of imbibing the knowledge about health from [[Charak Samhita]].

Besides increased incidence of diseases in humans, there is increasing polarization and intolerance in our societies causing discord and violence. There is environmental degradation of the planet evidenced by global warming and increased pollution. All these phenomena imply a deteriorating health of humans, society and the planet at large. [[Ayurveda]] considers the human individual as a microcosm that reflects the health of the universe at large – the macrocosm. A healthy planet would need to have healthy societies, requiring healthy human beings. Imbalances within the bodily elements – the [[dosha]], [[dhatu]],etc. – lead to imbalances between the individual and his environment. This underscores the value of imbibing the knowledge about health from [[Charak Samhita]].

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</div>

== References ==

== References ==