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|data2 = [[Chikitsa Sthana]]

|data2 = [[Chikitsa Sthana]]

|label3 = Succeeding section

|label3 = Succeeding section

|data3 = [[Sidhi Sthana]]

|data3 = [[Siddhi Sthana]]

|label4 = Other Sections

|label4 = Other Sections

|data4 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidhana Sthana]],[[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]]

|data4 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidhana Sthana]],[[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]]

|label6 = Reviewer  

|label6 = Reviewer  

|data6  = Basisht G.

|data6  = Basisht G.

|label7 = Editor

|label7 = Editors

|data7  = Deole Y. S.

|data7  = Deole Y.S.,Basisht G.

|label8 = Date of publication  

|label8 = Date of publication  

|data8 = December 17, 2018

|data8 = December 17, 2018

|label9 = DOI  

|label9 = DOI  

|data9  =  

|data9  = --

|header10 = Chapters

|header10 = Chapters

|label11 =  

|label11 =  

|}

|}

[[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]] (pharmaceutical preparations)is the very first chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] of [[Charak Samhita]]. In all, there are twelve chapters in this section, of which the first six including ''Madanakalpa'' describe the various pharmaceutical formulations for emesis while the remaining six describe various purgative pharmaceutical preparations. Each chapter is named after a plant drug and in every chapter many compound formulations with suitable plant drugs are also given. Grossly, all twelve chapters can be divided into ''Vamana'' and ''Virechana'' ''Kalpa''. The literal meaning of ''Vamana'' is to eliminate the ''doshas''(impurities) from gastro-oral route whereas  from lower tract- through anus it is known as purgative. Since impurities are eliminated in both the cases, it is known as [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya#Vamana (therapeutic emesis) and Virechana (therapeutic purgation)|''Virechana sanjna'' (evacuative)(Cha.Ka.1/4)]]

[[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]] (pharmaceutical preparations)is the very first chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] of [[Charak Samhita]]. In all, there are twelve chapters in this section, of which the first six including ''Madanakalpa'' describe the various pharmaceutical formulations for emesis while the remaining six describe various purgative pharmaceutical preparations. Each chapter is named after a plant drug and in every chapter many compound formulations with suitable plant drugs are also given. Grossly, all twelve chapters can be divided into ''Vamana'' and ''Virechana'' ''Kalpa''. The literal meaning of ''Vamana'' is to eliminate the ''doshas''(impurities) from gastro-oral route whereas  from lower tract- through anus it is known as purgative. Since impurities are eliminated in both the cases, it is known as [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya#Vamana (therapeutic emesis) and Virechana (therapeutic purgation)|''Virechana sanjna'' (evacuative) [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/4]

=== Salient features of [[Kalpa Sthana]] ===

=== Salient features of [[Kalpa Sthana]] ===

The subject matter of Kalpasthana in Sushruta samhita  is entirely different and deals with one of the Ashtangas of [[Ayurveda]] known as Damshtrachikitsa (Toxicology). Sushruta furnished the details of ''vamana'' and virechana drugs in Sutra sthana (43 and 44th chapter). Among vamana dravyas madanaphala, jimutaka pushpa, kutaja phala, ikshvaku pushpa, kritavedhana beeja and dhamargava phala are enumerated. Sushruta identified best virechaneeya drugs based on part used like, trivrit among root purgatives and amongst bark, fruits, oil, juice and latex, the drugs namely tilvaka, haritaki, erandataila (Castor oil), karavellaka and snuhi are considered as best respectively. Trivrit, danti, dravanti, tilvaka, haritaki, chaturangula, erandataila, snuhiksheera, saptala, and shankhini are enumerated under virechaneeya drugs. There is not much difference among the drugs enumerated in Charak and Sushruta, but Sushruta included triphala, erandataila under virechana drugs.

The subject matter of Kalpasthana in Sushruta samhita  is entirely different and deals with one of the Ashtangas of [[Ayurveda]] known as Damshtrachikitsa (Toxicology). Sushruta furnished the details of ''vamana'' and virechana drugs in Sutra sthana (43 and 44th chapter). Among vamana dravyas madanaphala, jimutaka pushpa, kutaja phala, ikshvaku pushpa, kritavedhana beeja and dhamargava phala are enumerated. Sushruta identified best virechaneeya drugs based on part used like, trivrit among root purgatives and amongst bark, fruits, oil, juice and latex, the drugs namely tilvaka, haritaki, erandataila (Castor oil), karavellaka and snuhi are considered as best respectively. Trivrit, danti, dravanti, tilvaka, haritaki, chaturangula, erandataila, snuhiksheera, saptala, and shankhini are enumerated under virechaneeya drugs. There is not much difference among the drugs enumerated in Charak and Sushruta, but Sushruta included triphala, erandataila under virechana drugs.

Charak suggested root bark of tilvaka while Sushruta instructed to use bark of tilvaka. A purgative recipe is suggested for children, old people, delicate and patients suffering from dhatukshaya (weight loss/wasting condition) by Sushruta which includes erandataila (Castor oil) mixed with triphala kwatha and milk or meat soup. He also suggested chaturangula for children up to age 12. It appears that Sushruta suggested easily available purgatives.<ref>Sushruta samhita, Ed. By G. D. Shingal et al., Sutra Sthana 44/72-77.</ref>

Charak suggested root bark of tilvaka while Sushruta instructed to use bark of tilvaka. A purgative recipe is suggested for children, old people, delicate and patients suffering from dhatukshaya (weight loss/wasting condition) by Sushruta which includes erandataila (Castor oil) mixed with triphala kwatha and milk or meat soup. He also suggested chaturangula for children up to age 12. It appears that Sushruta suggested easily available purgatives.<ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.44 Virechanadravyavikalpaneeya Adhyaya verse 72-77. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1.</ref>

=== Relevance of the concepts of [[Kalpa Sthana]] in the current clinical practices ===

=== Relevance of the concepts of [[Kalpa Sthana]] in the current clinical practices ===

=== Important concepts in Kalpa Sthana ===

=== Important concepts in Kalpa Sthana ===

* Mode of action of [[Vamana]] and [[Virechana]] (Chapter 1 Verse 5)

* Mode of action of [[Vamana]] and [[Virechana]] [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 5]

* Factors responsible for potency of drug (Chapter 1 verse 7)

* Factors responsible for potency of drug [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 7]

* Selection of soil and desha classification for collecting good quality medicinal plants (Chapter 1 verse 7-8)

* Selection of soil and desha classification for collecting good quality medicinal plants [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 7-8]

* Ideal and forbidden areas for collecting medicinal plants (Chapter 1 verse 9)

* Ideal and forbidden areas for collecting medicinal plants [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 9]

* Time period of collection and harvesting herbs (Chapter 1 verse 10)

* Time period of collection and harvesting herbs[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 10]

* Storage of herbs (Chapter 1 verse 11)

* Storage of herbs [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 11]

* Concept of [[Anupana]] (vehicle) (Chapter 1 verse 12)

* Concept of [[Anupana]] (vehicle) [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 12]

* Nasal drug delivery of herbs (Chapter 1 verse 19, Chapter 3 verses 11-12, Chapter 4 verse 10, Chapter 10 verse 17)

* Nasal drug delivery of herbs [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 1 / 19], [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 3 / 11-12],[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 4 / 10],[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 10 / 17]

* Concept of ascending dosage schedule (vardhamana matra) (Chapter 3 verse 13)

* Concept of ascending dosage schedule (vardhamana matra)[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 3 / 13]

* Development of different dosage forms of purgatives according to constitution (Chapter 7 verse 28)

* Development of different dosage forms of purgatives according to constitution [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 7 / 28]

* Formulation of purgative drugs according to seasons (Chapter 7 verse 56 and 59)

* Formulation of purgative drugs according to seasons[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 7 / 56-59]

* Formulation designing according to koshtha(Chapter 10 verse 17)    

* Formulation designing according to koshtha[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 10 / 17]    

* Principles of indicating nomenclature of formulation (Chapter 12 verse 44)

* Principles of indicating nomenclature of formulation [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 44]

* Concept of potentiation of drugs including the theory of antogonism and synergism (Chapter 12 verse 45-48)

* Concept of potentiation of drugs including the theory of antogonism and synergism [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 45-48]

* Categorization or classification of therapeutic response into mild, moderate and severe categories (Chapter 12 verse 50-56)

* Categorization or classification of therapeutic response into mild, moderate and severe categories [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 50-56]

* Importance of assessment of roga bala and rogi bala ( severity of disease and strength of patient) for prescribing purification procedures(Chapter 12 verse 60)

* Importance of assessment of roga bala and rogi bala ( severity of disease and strength of patient) for prescribing purification procedures[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 60]

* Management of residual [[dosha]] with food and medicated decoctions after purification therapies (Chapter 12 verse 66)

* Management of residual [[dosha]] with food and medicated decoctions after purification therapies.[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 66]

* Concept of examination of koshtha (status of gastrointestinal tract) while administering [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] drugs (Chapter 12 verse 67)

* Concept of examination of koshtha (status of gastrointestinal tract) while administering [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] drugs.[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 /67]

* Concept of sneha and ruksha [[virechana]] (Chapter 12 verse 82-83)

* Concept of sneha and ruksha [[virechana]] [Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 82-83]

* Inhibiting factors fro prevention of purgative actions (Chapter 12 verse 80)

* Inhibiting factors fro prevention of purgative actions.[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 80]

* Concept of posology based upon koshtha(status of gastro intestinal tract), vaya(age) and bala(strength) (Chapter 12 verse 86)

* Concept of posology based upon koshtha(status of gastro intestinal tract), vaya(age) and bala(strength)[Cha. Sa. [[Kalpa Sthana]] 12 / 86]

=== Important areas of research and its clinical applications ===

=== Important areas of research and its clinical applications ===