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| + | {{#seo: |
| + | |title=Avakshiraseeya |
| + | |titlemode=append |
| + | |keywords=avakshira, Avakshiraseeyamindriyam, inverted shadow of the dying person, moribund signs, dissolution |
| + | |description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 8. Fatal signs like inverted shadow of dying person |
| + | }} |
| + | |
| + | <big>'''[[Indriya Sthana]] Chapter 8. Fatal signs like inverted shadow of dying person'''</big> |
| + | |
| + | <big>'''Abstract '''</big> |
| + | <div style="text-align:justify;"> |
| + | In this chapter [[Avakshiraseeya]] thirty six moribund signs starting with ''avakshira'', i.e. inverted shadow of the dying person are described. These moribund signs mentioned in this chapter can be classified into: |
| + | #''lakshananimitta'' (whose causative factors are pre-determined by destiny), |
| + | #''lakshyanimitta'' (based on etio-pathological factors) and |
| + | #''nimittaanurupa'' (resembling with etiological factors). |
| + | |
| + | The changes in eyelids, eyebrows, face, scalp, nose, tongue, ears, and in abnormal movements of body are described to indicate declining lifespan and death. An individual is a union of five elements and consciousness. The union is by no means permanent with the possibility of dissolution (i.e. death) lingers on throughout life. Even though all symptoms mentioned in this chapter cannot be explained by rational scientific parameters, some particular symptoms are experienced and documented by people worldwide. At the end of the chapter the physicians are advised to carefully look for the moribund signs so the therapeutic treatment is stopped at appropriate time. |
| + | |
| + | '''Keywords''': ''avakshira, Avakshiraseeyamindriyam,'' inverted shadow of the dying person, moribund signs, dissolution. |
| + | </div> |
| {{Infobox | | {{Infobox |
| |title = Avakshiraseeya | | |title = Avakshiraseeya |
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| }} | | }} |
− | ==[[Indriya Sthana]] Chapter 8, Avakshiraseeya (Chapter on fatal signs like inverted shadow of dying person) ==
| |
− |
| |
− | === Abstract ===
| |
− | <div style="text-align:justify;">
| |
− | In this chapter [[Avakshiraseeya]] thirty six moribund signs starting with ''avakshira'', i.e. inverted shadow of the dying person are described. These moribund signs mentioned in this chapter can be classified into:
| |
− | #''lakshananimitta'' (whose causative factors are pre-determined by destiny),
| |
− | #''lakshyanimitta'' (based on etio-pathological factors) and
| |
− | #''nimittaanurupa'' (resembling with etiological factors).
| |
− |
| |
− | The changes in eyelids, eyebrows, face, scalp, nose, tongue, ears, and in abnormal movements of body are described to indicate declining lifespan and death. An individual is a union of five elements and consciousness. The union is by no means permanent with the possibility of dissolution (i.e. death) lingers on throughout life. Even though all symptoms mentioned in this chapter cannot be explained by rational scientific parameters, some particular symptoms are experienced and documented by people worldwide. At the end of the chapter the physicians are advised to carefully look for the moribund signs so the therapeutic treatment is stopped at appropriate time.
| |
− | Note: Thirty six moribund signs are mentioned in section of Sanskrit ''shloka'' and their translation in English and are not repeated here.
| |
− |
| |
− | '''Keywords''': ''avakshira, Avakshiraseeyamindriyam,'' inverted shadow of the dying person, moribund signs, dissolution.
| |
− | </div>
| |
| === Introduction === | | === Introduction === |
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| The other dynamic of the dying process at work is on the emotional-spiritual psychological plane, and is a different kind of process. The spirit of the dying person begins the final process of release from the body, its immediate environment, and all attachments. This release also tends to follow its own priorities, which may include the resolution of whatever is unfinished of a practical nature and reception of permission to “let go” from family members. These events are the normal, natural way in which the spirit prepares to move from this existence into the next dimension of life. The most appropriate kinds of responses to the emotional-spiritual-psychological changes are those which support and encourage this release and transition. Some specific symptoms mentioned in this chapter are experienced and documented by people worldwide. The physician is advised to assess the moribund signs in order to stop treatment. | | The other dynamic of the dying process at work is on the emotional-spiritual psychological plane, and is a different kind of process. The spirit of the dying person begins the final process of release from the body, its immediate environment, and all attachments. This release also tends to follow its own priorities, which may include the resolution of whatever is unfinished of a practical nature and reception of permission to “let go” from family members. These events are the normal, natural way in which the spirit prepares to move from this existence into the next dimension of life. The most appropriate kinds of responses to the emotional-spiritual-psychological changes are those which support and encourage this release and transition. Some specific symptoms mentioned in this chapter are experienced and documented by people worldwide. The physician is advised to assess the moribund signs in order to stop treatment. |
| + | |
| + | Note: Thirty six moribund signs are mentioned in section of Sanskrit ''shloka'' and their translation in English and are not repeated here. |
| + | |
| </div> | | </div> |
| ===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation=== | | ===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation=== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
| अथातोऽवाक्शिरसीयमिन्द्रियं व्याख्यास्यामः||१|| | | अथातोऽवाक्शिरसीयमिन्द्रियं व्याख्यास्यामः||१|| |
| | | |
| इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२|| | | इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२|| |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
| athātō'vākśirasīyamindriyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1|| | | athātō'vākśirasīyamindriyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1|| |
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| | | |
| iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2|| | | iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2|| |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| We shall now expound the chapter on moribund signs like inverted physical shadow (of a being). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2] | | We shall now expound the chapter on moribund signs like inverted physical shadow (of a being). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2] |
| | | |
| ==== Moribund feature of shadow ==== | | ==== Moribund feature of shadow ==== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | अवाक्शिरा वा जिह्मा वा यस्य वा विशिरा भवेत्| | + | अवाक्शिरा वा जिह्मा वा यस्य वा विशिरा भवेत्| <br /> |
− | जन्तो रूपप्रतिच्छाया नैनमिच्छेच्चिकित्सितुम्||३|| | + | जन्तो रूपप्रतिच्छाया नैनमिच्छेच्चिकित्सितुम्||३|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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− | avākśirā vā jihmā vā yasya vā viśirā bhavēt| | + | avākśirā vā jihmā vā yasya vā viśirā bhavēt| <br /> |
− | jantō rūpapraticchāyā nainamicchēccikitsitum||3|| | + | jantō rūpapraticchāyā nainamicchēccikitsitum||3|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | avAkshirA vA jihmA vA yasya vA vishirA bhavet| | + | avAkshirA vA jihmA vA yasya vA vishirA bhavet| <br /> |
− | janto rUpapraticchAyA nainamiccheccikitsitum||3|| | + | janto rUpapraticchAyA nainamiccheccikitsitum||3|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| If the physical shadow of the individual is found to be inverted (head downwards and legs upwards), irregular or without the head, he must not be treated. [3] | | If the physical shadow of the individual is found to be inverted (head downwards and legs upwards), irregular or without the head, he must not be treated. [3] |
| | | |
| ==== Moribund feature on eyelids ==== | | ==== Moribund feature on eyelids ==== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | जटीभूतानि पक्ष्माणि दृष्टिश्चापि निगृह्यते | | + | जटीभूतानि पक्ष्माणि दृष्टिश्चापि निगृह्यते | <br /> |
− | यस्य जन्तोर्न तं धीरो भेषजेनोपपादयेत्||४|| | + | यस्य जन्तोर्न तं धीरो भेषजेनोपपादयेत्||४|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | jaṭībhūtāni pakṣmāṇi dr̥ṣṭiścāpi nigr̥hyatē | | + | jaṭībhūtāni pakṣmāṇi dr̥ṣṭiścāpi nigr̥hyatē | <br /> |
− | yasya jantōrna taṁ dhīrō bhēṣajēnōpapādayēt||4|| | + | yasya jantōrna taṁ dhīrō bhēṣajēnōpapādayēt||4|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | jaTIbhUtAni pakShmANi dRuShTishcApi nigRuhyate [1] | + | jaTIbhUtAni pakShmANi dRuShTishcApi nigRuhyate [1] <br /> |
− | yasya jantorna taM dhIro bheShajenopapAdayet||4|| | + | yasya jantorna taM dhIro bheShajenopapAdayet||4|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| A person, having complete matting of eye-lashes resulting in absence of vision should not be treated.[4] | | A person, having complete matting of eye-lashes resulting in absence of vision should not be treated.[4] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | यस्य शूनानि वर्त्मानि न समायान्ति शुष्यतः| | + | यस्य शूनानि वर्त्मानि न समायान्ति शुष्यतः| <br /> |
− | चक्षुषी चोपदिह्येते यथा प्रेतस्तथैव सः||५|| | + | चक्षुषी चोपदिह्येते यथा प्रेतस्तथैव सः||५|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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− | yasya śūnāni vartmāni na samāyānti śuṣyataḥ| | + | yasya śūnāni vartmāni na samāyānti śuṣyataḥ| <br /> |
− | cakṣuṣī cōpadihyētē yathā prētastathaiva saḥ||5|| | + | cakṣuṣī cōpadihyētē yathā prētastathaiva saḥ||5|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | yasya shUnAni vartmAni na samAyAnti shuShyataH| | + | yasya shUnAni vartmAni na samAyAnti shuShyataH| <br /> |
− | cakShuShI copadihyete [2] yathA pretastathaiva saH||5|| | + | cakShuShI copadihyete [2] yathA pretastathaiva saH||5|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| An emaciated person who is unable to close his eyes due to swollen eyelids and also accompanied by burning eyes should be considered as good as departed. [5] | | An emaciated person who is unable to close his eyes due to swollen eyelids and also accompanied by burning eyes should be considered as good as departed. [5] |
| | | |
| ==== Moribund feature on eyebrows and forehead ==== | | ==== Moribund feature on eyebrows and forehead ==== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | भ्रुवोर्वा यदि वा मूर्ध्नि सीमन्तावर्तकान् बहून्| | + | भ्रुवोर्वा यदि वा मूर्ध्नि सीमन्तावर्तकान् बहून्| <br /> |
− | अपूर्वानकृतान् व्यक्तान् दृष्ट्वा मरणमादिशेत्||६|| | + | अपूर्वानकृतान् व्यक्तान् दृष्ट्वा मरणमादिशेत्||६|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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− | bhruvōrvā yadi vā mūrdhni sīmantāvartakān bahūn| | + | bhruvōrvā yadi vā mūrdhni sīmantāvartakān bahūn|<br /> |
− | apūrvānakr̥tān vyaktān dr̥ṣṭvā maraṇamādiśēt||6|| | + | apūrvānakr̥tān vyaktān dr̥ṣṭvā maraṇamādiśēt||6|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | bhruvorvA yadi vA mUrdhni sImantAvartakAn bahUn| | + | bhruvorvA yadi vA mUrdhni sImantAvartakAn bahUn| <br /> |
− | apUrvAnakRutAn vyaktAn dRuShTvA maraNamAdishet||6|| | + | apUrvAnakRutAn vyaktAn dRuShTvA maraNamAdishet||6|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| A person having appearance of bare lines over the scalp, whirls over eye eyebrows or over scalp which were not present before, will die certainly. [6] | | A person having appearance of bare lines over the scalp, whirls over eye eyebrows or over scalp which were not present before, will die certainly. [6] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | त्र्यहमेतेन जीवन्ति लक्षणेनातुरा नराः| | + | त्र्यहमेतेन जीवन्ति लक्षणेनातुरा नराः| <br /> |
− | अरोगाणां पुनस्त्वेतत् षड्रात्रं परमुच्यते ||७|| | + | अरोगाणां पुनस्त्वेतत् षड्रात्रं परमुच्यते ||७||<br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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− | tryahamētēna jīvanti lakṣaṇēnāturā narāḥ| | + | tryahamētēna jīvanti lakṣaṇēnāturā narāḥ| <br /> |
− | arōgāṇāṁ punastvētat ṣaḍrātraṁ paramucyatē ||7|| | + | arōgāṇāṁ punastvētat ṣaḍrātraṁ paramucyatē ||7||<br /> |
| | | |
− | tryahametena jIvanti lakShaNenAturA narAH| | + | tryahametena jIvanti lakShaNenAturA narAH| <br /> |
− | arogANAM punastvetat ShaDrAtraM paramucyate ||7|| | + | arogANAM punastvetat ShaDrAtraM paramucyate ||7|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| These patients (having above mentioned signs), will survive for three days, and healthy individuals (having above mentioned signs) will survive maximum for 6 nights. [7] | | These patients (having above mentioned signs), will survive for three days, and healthy individuals (having above mentioned signs) will survive maximum for 6 nights. [7] |
| | | |
| ==== Moribund feature of hairs ==== | | ==== Moribund feature of hairs ==== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | आयम्योत्पाटितान् केशान् यो नरो नावबुध्यते| | + | आयम्योत्पाटितान् केशान् यो नरो नावबुध्यते| <br /> |
− | अनातुरो वा रोगी वा षड्रात्रं नातिवर्तते||८|| | + | अनातुरो वा रोगी वा षड्रात्रं नातिवर्तते||८|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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− | āyamyōtpāṭitān kēśān yō narō nāvabudhyatē| | + | āyamyōtpāṭitān kēśān yō narō nāvabudhyatē| <br /> |
− | anāturō vā rōgī vā ṣaḍrātraṁ nātivartatē||8|| | + | anāturō vā rōgī vā ṣaḍrātraṁ nātivartatē||8|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | AyamyotpATitAn keshAn yo naro nAvabudhyate| | + | AyamyotpATitAn keshAn yo naro nAvabudhyate| <br /> |
− | anAturo vA rogI vA ShaDrAtraM nAtivartate||8|| | + | anAturo vA rogI vA ShaDrAtraM nAtivartate||8|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| An ill or healthy individual, who does not respond to pulling or uprooting of hairs, does not survive for more than six nights. [8] | | An ill or healthy individual, who does not respond to pulling or uprooting of hairs, does not survive for more than six nights. [8] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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− | यस्य केशा निरभ्यङ्गा दृश्यन्तेऽभ्यक्तसन्निभाः| | + | यस्य केशा निरभ्यङ्गा दृश्यन्तेऽभ्यक्तसन्निभाः| <br /> |
− | उपरुद्धायुषं ज्ञात्वा तं धीरः परिवर्जयेत्||९|| | + | उपरुद्धायुषं ज्ञात्वा तं धीरः परिवर्जयेत्||९||<br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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− | yasya kēśā nirabhyaṅgā dr̥śyantē'bhyaktasannibhāḥ| | + | yasya kēśā nirabhyaṅgā dr̥śyantē'bhyaktasannibhāḥ| <br /> |
− | uparuddhāyuṣaṁ jñātvā taṁ dhīraḥ parivarjayēt||9|| | + | uparuddhāyuṣaṁ jñātvā taṁ dhīraḥ parivarjayēt||9||<br /> |
| | | |
− | yasya keshA nirabhya~ggA dRushyante~abhyaktasannibhAH| | + | yasya keshA nirabhya~ggA dRushyante~abhyaktasannibhAH| <br /> |
− | uparuddhAyuShaM j~jAtvA taM dhIraH parivarjayet||9|| | + | uparuddhAyuShaM j~jAtvA taM dhIraH parivarjayet||9|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| If the hair of the individual appears to be unreasonably greasy then he should be considered as at the fag-end of his life and should not be treated.[9] | | If the hair of the individual appears to be unreasonably greasy then he should be considered as at the fag-end of his life and should not be treated.[9] |
| | | |
| ==== Moribund feature of nose ==== | | ==== Moribund feature of nose ==== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | ग्लायते नासिकावंशः पृथुत्वं यस्य गच्छति| | + | ग्लायते नासिकावंशः पृथुत्वं यस्य गच्छति| <br /> |
− | अशूनः शूनसङ्काशः प्रत्याख्येयः स जानता||१०|| | + | अशूनः शूनसङ्काशः प्रत्याख्येयः स जानता||१०|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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− | glāyatē nāsikāvaṁśaḥ pr̥thutvaṁ yasya gacchati| | + | glāyatē nāsikāvaṁśaḥ pr̥thutvaṁ yasya gacchati| <br /> |
− | aśūnaḥ śūnasaṅkāśaḥ pratyākhyēyaḥ sa jānatā||10|| | + | aśūnaḥ śūnasaṅkāśaḥ pratyākhyēyaḥ sa jānatā||10|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | glAyate nAsikAvaMshaH pRuthutvaM yasya gacchati| | + | glAyate nAsikAvaMshaH pRuthutvaM yasya gacchati| <br /> |
− | ashUnaH shUnasa~gkAshaH pratyAkhyeyaH sa jAnatA||10|| | + | ashUnaH shUnasa~gkAshaH pratyAkhyeyaH sa jAnatA||10|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| A wise (physician) should consider (the patient) with depressed and thickened bridge? of the nose along with its pseudo – swollen appearance as incurable [10] | | A wise (physician) should consider (the patient) with depressed and thickened bridge? of the nose along with its pseudo – swollen appearance as incurable [10] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | अत्यर्थविवृता यस्य यस्य चात्यर्थसंवृता| | + | अत्यर्थविवृता यस्य यस्य चात्यर्थसंवृता| <br /> |
− | जिह्मा वा परिशुष्का वा नासिका न स जीवति||११|| | + | जिह्मा वा परिशुष्का वा नासिका न स जीवति||११||<br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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− | atyarthavivr̥tā yasya yasya cātyarthasaṁvr̥tā| | + | atyarthavivr̥tā yasya yasya cātyarthasaṁvr̥tā| <br /> |
− | jihmā vā pariśuṣkā vā nāsikā na sa jīvati||11|| | + | jihmā vā pariśuṣkā vā nāsikā na sa jīvati||11|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | atyarthavivRutA yasya yasya cAtyarthasaMvRutA| | + | atyarthavivRutA yasya yasya cAtyarthasaMvRutA| <br /> |
− | jihmA vA parishuShkA vA nAsikA na sa jIvati||11|| | + | jihmA vA parishuShkA vA nAsikA na sa jIvati||11|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| Excessive nasal flaring or constriction, distortion in shape and extreme dryness of the nose indicate that the individual will not survive. [11] | | Excessive nasal flaring or constriction, distortion in shape and extreme dryness of the nose indicate that the individual will not survive. [11] |
| | | |
| ==== Incurable signs on face, ear and lips ==== | | ==== Incurable signs on face, ear and lips ==== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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− | मुखं शब्दश्रवावोष्ठौ शुक्लश्यावातिलोहितौ| | + | मुखं शब्दश्रवावोष्ठौ शुक्लश्यावातिलोहितौ| <br /> |
− | विकृत्या यस्य वा नीलौ न स रोगाद्विमुच्यते||१२|| | + | विकृत्या यस्य वा नीलौ न स रोगाद्विमुच्यते||१२|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | mukhaṁ śabdaśravāvōṣṭhau śuklaśyāvātilōhitau| | + | mukhaṁ śabdaśravāvōṣṭhau śuklaśyāvātilōhitau| <br /> |
− | vikr̥tyā yasya vā nīlau na sa rōgādvimucyatē||12|| | + | vikr̥tyā yasya vā nīlau na sa rōgādvimucyatē||12||<br /> |
| | | |
− | mukhaM shabdashravAvoShThau [2] shuklashyAvAtilohitau| | + | mukhaM shabdashravAvoShThau [2] shuklashyAvAtilohitau| <br /> |
− | vikRutyA yasya vA nIlau na sa rogAdvimucyate||12|| | + | vikRutyA yasya vA nIlau na sa rogAdvimucyate||12|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| If the face, ears and lips become abnormally (without any visible cause) white, brown, excessively red or blue, then such a patient seldom recovers from the disease. [12] | | If the face, ears and lips become abnormally (without any visible cause) white, brown, excessively red or blue, then such a patient seldom recovers from the disease. [12] |
| | | |
| ==== Incurable signs on teeth ==== | | ==== Incurable signs on teeth ==== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | अस्थिश्वेता द्विजा यस्य पुष्पिताः पङ्कसंवृताः| | + | अस्थिश्वेता द्विजा यस्य पुष्पिताः पङ्कसंवृताः| <br /> |
− | विकृत्या न स रोगं तं विहायारोग्यमश्नुते||१३|| | + | विकृत्या न स रोगं तं विहायारोग्यमश्नुते||१३|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | asthiśvētā dvijā yasya puṣpitāḥ paṅkasaṁvr̥tāḥ| | + | asthiśvētā dvijā yasya puṣpitāḥ paṅkasaṁvr̥tāḥ| <br /> |
− | vikr̥tyā na sa rōgaṁ taṁ vihāyārōgyamaśnutē||13|| | + | vikr̥tyā na sa rōgaṁ taṁ vihāyārōgyamaśnutē||13|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | asthishvetA dvijA yasya puShpitAH pa~gkasaMvRutAH| | + | asthishvetA dvijA yasya puShpitAH pa~gkasaMvRutAH| <br /> |
− | vikRutyA na sa rogaM taM vihAyArogyamashnute||13|| | + | vikRutyA na sa rogaM taM vihAyArogyamashnute||13|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| A patient having morbid conditions like appearance of bony white teeth, white flower shaped spots and mud like appearance over teeth cannot recover from the disease. [13] | | A patient having morbid conditions like appearance of bony white teeth, white flower shaped spots and mud like appearance over teeth cannot recover from the disease. [13] |
| | | |
| ==== Fatal signs on tongue ==== | | ==== Fatal signs on tongue ==== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | स्तब्धा निश्चेतना गुर्वी कण्टकोपचिता भृशम्| | + | स्तब्धा निश्चेतना गुर्वी कण्टकोपचिता भृशम्| <br /> |
− | श्यावा शुष्काऽथवा शूना प्रेतजिह्वा विसर्पिणी||१४|| | + | श्यावा शुष्काऽथवा शूना प्रेतजिह्वा विसर्पिणी||१४||<br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | stabdhā niścētanā gurvī kaṇṭakōpacitā bhr̥śam| | + | stabdhā niścētanā gurvī kaṇṭakōpacitā bhr̥śam| <br /> |
− | śyāvā śuṣkā'thavā śūnā prētajihvā visarpiṇī||14|| | + | śyāvā śuṣkā'thavā śūnā prētajihvā visarpiṇī||14||<br /> |
| | | |
− | stabdhA nishcetanA gurvI kaNTakopacitA bhRusham| | + | stabdhA nishcetanA gurvI kaNTakopacitA bhRusham| <br /> |
− | shyAvA shuShkA~athavA shUnA pretajihvA visarpiNI||14|| | + | shyAvA shuShkA~athavA shUnA pretajihvA visarpiNI||14||<br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| If the tongue becomes rigid, senseless, heavy, excessively coated with a thorn like fur, brown in color, dry or swollen and constantly mobile, then the patient having such signs should be considered as good as dead. [14] | | If the tongue becomes rigid, senseless, heavy, excessively coated with a thorn like fur, brown in color, dry or swollen and constantly mobile, then the patient having such signs should be considered as good as dead. [14] |
| | | |
| ==== Fatal sign of respiration ==== | | ==== Fatal sign of respiration ==== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | दीर्घमुच्छ्वस्य यो ह्रस्वं नरो निःश्वस्य ताम्यति| | + | दीर्घमुच्छ्वस्य यो ह्रस्वं नरो निःश्वस्य ताम्यति| <br /> |
− | उपरुद्धायुषं ज्ञात्वा तं धीरः परिवर्जयेत्||१५|| | + | उपरुद्धायुषं ज्ञात्वा तं धीरः परिवर्जयेत्||१५|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | dīrghamucchvasya yō hrasvaṁ narō niḥśvasya tāmyati| | + | dīrghamucchvasya yō hrasvaṁ narō niḥśvasya tāmyati| <br /> |
− | uparuddhāyuṣaṁ jñātvā taṁ dhīraḥ parivarjayēt||15|| | + | uparuddhāyuṣaṁ jñātvā taṁ dhīraḥ parivarjayēt||15|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | dIrghamucchvasya yo hrasvaM naro niHshvasya tAmyati| | + | dIrghamucchvasya yo hrasvaM naro niHshvasya tAmyati| <br /> |
− | uparuddhAyuShaM j~jAtvA taM dhIraH parivarjayet||15|| | + | uparuddhAyuShaM j~jAtvA taM dhIraH parivarjayet||15|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| If a person faints after a short expiration followed by a long inspiration, then he should be considered as nearing his end and must not be treated. [15] | | If a person faints after a short expiration followed by a long inspiration, then he should be considered as nearing his end and must not be treated. [15] |
| | | |
| ==== Fatal sign of extremities and neck ==== | | ==== Fatal sign of extremities and neck ==== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | हस्तौ पादौ च मन्ये च तालु चैवातिशीतलम्| | + | हस्तौ पादौ च मन्ये च तालु चैवातिशीतलम्| <br /> |
− | भवत्यायुःक्षये क्रूरमथवाऽपि भवेन्मृदु||१६|| | + | भवत्यायुःक्षये क्रूरमथवाऽपि भवेन्मृदु||१६||<br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | hastau pādau ca manyē ca tālu caivātiśītalam| | + | hastau pādau ca manyē ca tālu caivātiśītalam| <br /> |
− | bhavatyāyuḥkṣayē krūramathavā'pi bhavēnmr̥du||16|| | + | bhavatyāyuḥkṣayē krūramathavā'pi bhavēnmr̥du||16||<br /> |
| | | |
− | hastau pAdau ca manye ca tAlu caivAtishItalam| | + | hastau pAdau ca manye ca tAlu caivAtishItalam| <br /> |
− | bhavatyAyuHkShaye krUramathavA~api bhavenmRudu||16|| | + | bhavatyAyuHkShaye krUramathavA~api bhavenmRudu||16|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| Excessive coldness, roughness and softness in hands, legs and neck indicate the end of the life of the person. [16] | | Excessive coldness, roughness and softness in hands, legs and neck indicate the end of the life of the person. [16] |
| | | |
| ==== Fatal signs of abnormal movements ==== | | ==== Fatal signs of abnormal movements ==== |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | घट्टयञ्जानुना जानु पादावुद्यम्य पातयन्| | + | घट्टयञ्जानुना जानु पादावुद्यम्य पातयन्| <br /> |
− | योऽपास्यति मुहुर्वक्रमातुरो न स जीवति||१७|| | + | योऽपास्यति मुहुर्वक्रमातुरो न स जीवति||१७|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | ghaṭṭayañjānunā jānu pādāvudyamya pātayan| | + | ghaṭṭayañjānunā jānu pādāvudyamya pātayan| <br /> |
− | yō'pāsyati muhurvakramāturō na sa jīvati||17|| | + | yō'pāsyati muhurvakramāturō na sa jīvati||17||<br /> |
| | | |
− | ghaTTaya~jjAnunA jAnu pAdAvudyamya pAtayan| | + | ghaTTaya~jjAnunA jAnu pAdAvudyamya pAtayan| <br /> |
− | yo~apAsyati muhurvakramAturo na sa jIvati||17|| | + | yo~apAsyati muhurvakramAturo na sa jIvati||17|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| The person who strikes one knee with the other, throws down legs after lifting them up and frequently turns the face to one or the other side, does not survive. [17] | | The person who strikes one knee with the other, throws down legs after lifting them up and frequently turns the face to one or the other side, does not survive. [17] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | दन्तैश्छिन्दन्नखाग्राणि नखैच्छिन्दञ्छिरोरुहान्| | + | दन्तैश्छिन्दन्नखाग्राणि नखैच्छिन्दञ्छिरोरुहान्| <br /> |
− | काष्ठेन भूमिं विलिखन्न रोगात् परिमुच्यते||१८|| | + | काष्ठेन भूमिं विलिखन्न रोगात् परिमुच्यते||१८|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | dantaiśchindannakhāgrāṇi nakhaicchindañchirōruhān| | + | dantaiśchindannakhāgrāṇi nakhaicchindañchirōruhān| <br /> |
− | kāṣṭhēna bhūmiṁ vilikhanna rōgāt parimucyatē||18|| | + | kāṣṭhēna bhūmiṁ vilikhanna rōgāt parimucyatē||18||<br /> |
| | | |
− | dantaishchindannakhAgrANi nakhaicchinda~jchiroruhAn| | + | dantaishchindannakhAgrANi nakhaicchinda~jchiroruhAn| <br /> |
− | kAShThena bhUmiM vilikhanna rogAt parimucyate||18|| | + | kAShThena bhUmiM vilikhanna rogAt parimucyate||18|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| The patient, who cuts tips of his nail by biting, clips hair by nail and writes on the ground with the help of a stick, succumbs to the disease. [18] | | The patient, who cuts tips of his nail by biting, clips hair by nail and writes on the ground with the help of a stick, succumbs to the disease. [18] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | दन्तान् खादति यो जाग्रदसाम्ना विरुदन् हसन्| | + | दन्तान् खादति यो जाग्रदसाम्ना विरुदन् हसन्| <br /> |
− | विजानाति न चेद्दुःखं न स रोगाद्विमुच्यते||१९|| | + | विजानाति न चेद्दुःखं न स रोगाद्विमुच्यते||१९|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | dantān khādati yō jāgra dasāmnā virudan hasan| | + | dantān khādati yō jāgra dasāmnā virudan hasan| <br /> |
− | vijānāti na cēdduḥkhaṁ na sa rōgādvimucyatē||19|| | + | vijānāti na cēdduḥkhaṁ na sa rōgādvimucyatē||19||<br /> |
| | | |
− | dantAn khAdati yo jAgradasAmnA virudan hasan| | + | dantAn khAdati yo jAgradasAmnA virudan hasan| <br /> |
− | vijAnAti na cedduHkhaM na sa rogAdvimucyate||19|| | + | vijAnAti na cedduHkhaM na sa rogAdvimucyate||19|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| The patient who gnashes teeth while awake, cries and laughs loudly and does not have the pain sensation, does not recover from the disease. [19] | | The patient who gnashes teeth while awake, cries and laughs loudly and does not have the pain sensation, does not recover from the disease. [19] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | मुहुर्हसन् मुहुः क्ष्वेडन् शय्यां पादेन हन्ति यः| | + | मुहुर्हसन् मुहुः क्ष्वेडन् शय्यां पादेन हन्ति यः| <br /> |
− | उच्चैश्छिद्राणि विमृशन्नातुरो न स जीवति||२०|| | + | उच्चैश्छिद्राणि विमृशन्नातुरो न स जीवति||२०||<br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | muhurhasan muhuḥ kṣvēḍan śayyāṁ pādēna hanti yaḥ| | + | muhurhasan muhuḥ kṣvēḍan śayyāṁ pādēna hanti yaḥ| <br /> |
− | uccaiśchidrāṇi vimr̥śannāturō na sa jīvati||20|| | + | uccaiśchidrāṇi vimr̥śannāturō na sa jīvati||20||<br /> |
| | | |
− | muhurhasan muhuH kShveDan shayyAM pAdena hanti yaH| | + | muhurhasan muhuH kShveDan shayyAM pAdena hanti yaH| <br /> |
− | uccaishchidrANi [1] vimRushannAturo na sa jIvati||20|| | + | uccaishchidrANi [1] vimRushannAturo na sa jIvati||20|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| The patient, who frequently laughs and shouts, strikes the bed by feet and puts finger into the nostrils, ears and eyes does not survive. [20] | | The patient, who frequently laughs and shouts, strikes the bed by feet and puts finger into the nostrils, ears and eyes does not survive. [20] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | यैर्विन्दति पुरा भावैः समेतैः परमां रतिम्| | + | यैर्विन्दति पुरा भावैः समेतैः परमां रतिम्| <br /> |
− | तैरेवारममाणस्य ग्लास्नोर्मरणमादिशेत्||२१|| | + | तैरेवारममाणस्य ग्लास्नोर्मरणमादिशेत्||२१|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | yairvindati purā bhāvaiḥ samētaiḥ paramāṁ ratim| | + | yairvindati purā bhāvaiḥ samētaiḥ paramāṁ ratim| <br /> |
− | tairēvāramamāṇasya glāsnōrmaraṇamādiśēt||21|| | + | tairēvāramamāṇasya glāsnōrmaraṇamādiśēt||21|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | yairvindati purA bhAvaiH sametaiH paramAM ratim| | + | yairvindati purA bhAvaiH sametaiH paramAM ratim| <br /> |
− | tairevAramamANasya glAsnormaraNamAdishet||21|| | + | tairevAramamANasya glAsnormaraNamAdishet||21|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| If a debilitated patient develops disliking for such factors which, in the past, made him extremely happy, his death is imminent. [21] | | If a debilitated patient develops disliking for such factors which, in the past, made him extremely happy, his death is imminent. [21] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | न बिभर्ति शिरो ग्रीवा न पृष्ठं भारमात्मनः| | + | न बिभर्ति शिरो ग्रीवा न पृष्ठं भारमात्मनः| <br /> |
− | न हनू पिण्डमास्यस्थमातुरस्य मुमूर्षतः||२२|| | + | न हनू पिण्डमास्यस्थमातुरस्य मुमूर्षतः||२२|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | na bibharti śirō grīvā na pr̥ṣṭhaṁ bhāramātmanaḥ| | + | na bibharti śirō grīvā na pr̥ṣṭhaṁ bhāramātmanaḥ| <br /> |
− | na hanū piṇḍamāsyasthamāturasya mumūrṣataḥ||22|| | + | na hanū piṇḍamāsyasthamāturasya mumūrṣataḥ||22|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | na bibharti shiro grIvA na pRuShThaM bhAramAtmanaH| | + | na bibharti shiro grIvA na pRuShThaM bhAramAtmanaH| <br /> |
− | na hanU piNDamAsyasthamAturasya mumUrShataH||22|| | + | na hanU piNDamAsyasthamAturasya mumUrShataH||22|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| If the neck of the patient is unable to support the weight of the head, the back, that of the body, the jaw bones, morsel of food in the mouth, this indicates his imminent death. [22] | | If the neck of the patient is unable to support the weight of the head, the back, that of the body, the jaw bones, morsel of food in the mouth, this indicates his imminent death. [22] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | सहसा ज्वरसन्तापस्तृष्णा मूर्च्छा बलक्षयः| | + | सहसा ज्वरसन्तापस्तृष्णा मूर्च्छा बलक्षयः| <br /> |
− | विश्लेषणं च सन्धीनां मुमूर्षोरुपजायते||२३|| | + | विश्लेषणं च सन्धीनां मुमूर्षोरुपजायते||२३|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | sahasā jvarasantāpastr̥ṣṇā mūrcchā balakṣayaḥ| | + | sahasā jvarasantāpastr̥ṣṇā mūrcchā balakṣayaḥ| <br /> |
− | viślēṣaṇaṁ ca sandhīnāṁ mumūrṣōrupajāyatē||23|| | + | viślēṣaṇaṁ ca sandhīnāṁ mumūrṣōrupajāyatē||23|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | sahasA jvarasantApastRuShNA mUrcchA balakShayaH| | + | sahasA jvarasantApastRuShNA mUrcchA balakShayaH| <br /> |
− | vishleShaNaM ca sandhInAM mumUrShorupajAyate||23|| | + | vishleShaNaM ca sandhInAM mumUrShorupajAyate||23|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| Sudden fever, thirst, fainting, debility and looseness of joints points to death. [23] | | Sudden fever, thirst, fainting, debility and looseness of joints points to death. [23] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | गोसर्गे वदनाद्यस्य स्वेदः प्रच्यवते भृशम्| | + | गोसर्गे वदनाद्यस्य स्वेदः प्रच्यवते भृशम्| <br /> |
− | लेपज्वरोपतप्तस्य दुर्लभं तस्य जीवितम्||२४|| | + | लेपज्वरोपतप्तस्य दुर्लभं तस्य जीवितम्||२४|| <br /> |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | |
− | gōsargē vadanādyasya svēdaḥ pracyavatē bhr̥śam| | + | gōsargē vadanādyasya svēdaḥ pracyavatē bhr̥śam| <br /> |
− | lēpajvarōpataptasya durlabhaṁ tasya jīvitam||24|| | + | lēpajvarōpataptasya durlabhaṁ tasya jīvitam||24|| <br /> |
| | | |
− | gosarge vadanAdyasya svedaH pracyavate bhRusham| | + | gosarge vadanAdyasya svedaH pracyavate bhRusham| <br /> |
− | lepajvaropataptasya durlabhaM tasya jIvitam||24|| | + | lepajvaropataptasya durlabhaM tasya jIvitam||24|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| If a patient suffering from ''lepajwara'' i.e. a type of fever patient gets profuse perspiration in the face, there is little chance of his survival. [24] | | If a patient suffering from ''lepajwara'' i.e. a type of fever patient gets profuse perspiration in the face, there is little chance of his survival. [24] |
| + | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
− | नोपैति कण्ठमाहारो जिह्वा कण्ठमुपैति च| | + | नोपैति कण्ठमाहारो जिह्वा कण्ठमुपैति च| <br /> |
− | आयुष्यन्तं गते जन्तोर्बलं च परिहीयते||२५|| | + | आयुष्यन्तं गते जन्तोर्बलं च परिहीयते||२५|| <br /> |
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− | nōpaiti kaṇṭhamāhārō jihvā kaṇṭhamupaiti ca| | + | nōpaiti kaṇṭhamāhārō jihvā kaṇṭhamupaiti ca| <br /> |
− | āyuṣyantaṁ gatē jantōrbalaṁ ca parihīyatē||25|| | + | āyuṣyantaṁ gatē jantōrbalaṁ ca parihīyatē||25|| <br /> |
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− | nopaiti kaNThamAhAro jihvA kaNThamupaiti ca| | + | nopaiti kaNThamAhAro jihvA kaNThamupaiti ca| <br /> |
− | AyuShyantaM gate jantorbalaM ca parihIyate||25|| | + | AyuShyantaM gate jantorbalaM ca parihIyate||25|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
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| If the ingested food does not reach the throat, or the tongue falls back over the throat (thereby causing obstruction ) and there is diminution of strength, then the death of the person is imminent. [25] | | If the ingested food does not reach the throat, or the tongue falls back over the throat (thereby causing obstruction ) and there is diminution of strength, then the death of the person is imminent. [25] |
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− | शिरो विक्षिपते कृच्छ्रान्मुञ्चयित्वा प्रपाणिकौ| | + | शिरो विक्षिपते कृच्छ्रान्मुञ्चयित्वा प्रपाणिकौ| <br /> |
− | ललाटस्रुप्रतस्वेदो मुमूर्षुश्च्युतबन्धनः ||२६|| | + | ललाटस्रुप्रतस्वेदो मुमूर्षुश्च्युतबन्धनः ||२६|| <br /> |
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− | śirō vikṣipatē kr̥cchrānmuñcayitvā prapāṇikau| | + | śirō vikṣipatē kr̥cchrānmuñcayitvā prapāṇikau| <br /> |
− | lalāṭasrupratasvēdō mumūrṣuścyutabandhanaḥ ||26|| | + | lalāṭasrupratasvēdō mumūrṣuścyutabandhanaḥ ||26|| <br /> |
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− | shiro vikShipate kRucchrAnmu~jcayitvA prapANikau| | + | shiro vikShipate kRucchrAnmu~jcayitvA prapANikau| <br /> |
− | lalATasrupratasvedo mumUrShushcyutabandhanaH [1] ||26|| | + | lalATasrupratasvedo mumUrShushcyutabandhanaH [1] ||26|| <br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
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| If the person moves his head with difficulty with the help of the fore-arms and if there is sweating in the forehead and is a sign of detachment from life, he is moribund. [26] | | If the person moves his head with difficulty with the help of the fore-arms and if there is sweating in the forehead and is a sign of detachment from life, he is moribund. [26] |
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| ==== Summary ==== | | ==== Summary ==== |
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− | तत्र श्लोकः- | + | तत्र श्लोकः- <br /> |
− | इमानि लिङ्गानि नरेषु बुद्धिमान् विभावयेतावहितो मुमूर्षुषु| | + | इमानि लिङ्गानि नरेषु बुद्धिमान् विभावयेतावहितो मुमूर्षुषु| <br /> |
− | क्षणेन भूत्वा ह्युपयान्ति कानिचिन्नचाफलं लिङ्गमिहास्ति किञ्चन||२७|| | + | क्षणेन भूत्वा ह्युपयान्ति कानिचिन्नचाफलं लिङ्गमिहास्ति किञ्चन||२७||<br /> |
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− | tatra ślōkaḥ- | + | tatra ślōkaḥ- <br /> |
− | imāni liṅgāni narēṣu buddhimān vibhāvayētāvahitō mumūrṣuṣu| | + | imāni liṅgāni narēṣu buddhimān vibhāvayētāvahitō mumūrṣuṣu| <br /> |
− | kṣaṇēna bhūtvā hyupayānti kānicinnacāphalaṁ liṅgamihāsti kiñcana||27|| | + | kṣaṇēna bhūtvā hyupayānti kānicinnacāphalaṁ liṅgamihāsti kiñcana||27||<br /> |
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− | tatra shlokaH- | + | tatra shlokaH- <br /> |
− | imAni li~ggAni nareShu buddhimAn vibhAvayetAvahito mumUrShuShu| | + | imAni li~ggAni nareShu buddhimAn vibhAvayetAvahito mumUrShuShu| <br /> |
− | kShaNena bhUtvA hyupayAnti kAnicinnacAphalaM li~ggamihAsti ki~jcana||27|| | + | kShaNena bhUtvA hyupayAnti kAnicinnacAphalaM li~ggamihAsti ki~jcana||27||<br /> |
| + | </div></div> |
| | | |
| Here is the re-capitulatory verse: | | Here is the re-capitulatory verse: |
Line 375: |
Line 462: |
| None of these signs remain without leading to the consequences already described i.e. all of them certainly indicate imminent death. [27 ] | | None of these signs remain without leading to the consequences already described i.e. all of them certainly indicate imminent death. [27 ] |
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− | === ''Tattva Vimarsha'' === | + | === ''Tattva Vimarsha'' / Fundamental Principles=== |
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| *The fatal signs can be observed on eyelids, eyebrows, scalp, nose, face, tongue, teeth, ears, and in abnormal movements of body parts. These signs indicate declining vitality of body. | | *The fatal signs can be observed on eyelids, eyebrows, scalp, nose, face, tongue, teeth, ears, and in abnormal movements of body parts. These signs indicate declining vitality of body. |
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− | === ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' === | + | === ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' / Applied Inferences=== |
| <div style="text-align:justify;"> | | <div style="text-align:justify;"> |
− | The sign of inverted shadow of dying person ''lakshanamitta'', should be understood. It is a classification and a unique sign which is not mentioned in contemporary science or in other alternative medicines. Naming a chapter in the [[Charaka Samhita]] after the sign reflects its importance.[3] | + | The sign of inverted shadow of dying person ''lakshanamitta'', should be understood. It is a classification and a unique sign which is not mentioned in contemporary science or in other alternative medicines. Naming a chapter in the [[Charak Samhita]] after the sign reflects its importance.[3] |
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| Severe blepharitis comprises of matting of eyelids, swollen eyelids, burning vision and may cause death in patients in following conditions: | | Severe blepharitis comprises of matting of eyelids, swollen eyelids, burning vision and may cause death in patients in following conditions: |