Changes

===Introduction===

===Introduction===

The aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of a healthy individual and cure diseases of an unhealthy one. Purificatory procedures (such as [[Panchakarma]], or five purificatory procedures) play a pivotal role to protect and promote the health of the individual.  In the previous chapter of [[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya]], plants with therapeutic qualities (in their roots and fruits particularly) have been described for use in purification therapies. The present chapter is written with a view to enumerate the remaining drugs that are useful for various bio-purificatory procedures, along with an explanation of their properties and the objectives of those procedures. It has been named as ''Apamarga tanduliya'' to stress that the dehusked seeds of ''Apamarga'' (Achyranthes aspera), rather than husked ones, are to be prescribed for therapeutic purposes. In addition to the bio-purificatory procedures, this chapter also explains the need for post-purification dietary regimen (''samsarjana karma'') to be followed in order to re-kindle ''agni'' (digestive powers). From the standpoint of the ''samsarjana karma'', this chapter emphasizes the importance of gruels to eradicate specific diseases and re-kindle ''jatharagni'' (digestive powers) and provides detailed descriptions and procedures for ''yavagukalpana'' (preparation of ''yavagu'', or a special form of gruel). Among this '' yavagu'', some are ''ahara pradhana'' (or diet-centric), while others are ''aushadha pradhana'' (medication-centric). The chapter also emphasizes the importance of dosage (''matra''), timing and frequency (''kala''), and rational judgement (''yukti'') required for effective administration of the purificatory procedures. The chapter begins with an explanation of medicines for ''shirovirechana'' (catharsis of cephalic region) and then explains purificatory procedures for ''vamana'' (therapeutic emesis), ''virechana'' (therapeutic purgation), ''anuvasana'' (oil enemata), and ''niruhabasti'' (decoction enemata). The reason for such a beginning is the importance or superiority of head among all body parts. [Ca. Su. 17/2].

The aim of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] is to maintain the health of a healthy individual and cure diseases of an unhealthy one. Purificatory procedures (such as [[Panchakarma]], or five purificatory procedures) play a pivotal role to protect and promote the health of the individual.  In the previous chapter of [[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya]], plants with therapeutic qualities (in their roots and fruits particularly) have been described for use in purification therapies. The present chapter is written with a view to enumerate the remaining drugs that are useful for various bio-purificatory procedures, along with an explanation of their properties and the objectives of those procedures. It has been named as ''Apamarga tanduliya'' to stress that the dehusked seeds of ''Apamarga'' (Achyranthes aspera), rather than husked ones, are to be prescribed for therapeutic purposes. In addition to the bio-purificatory procedures, this chapter also explains the need for post-purification dietary regimen (''samsarjana karma'') to be followed in order to re-kindle ''agni'' (digestive powers). From the standpoint of the ''samsarjana karma'', this chapter emphasizes the importance of gruels to eradicate specific diseases and re-kindle ''jatharagni'' (digestive powers) and provides detailed descriptions and procedures for ''yavagukalpana'' (preparation of ''yavagu'', or a special form of gruel). Among this '' yavagu'', some are ''ahara pradhana'' (or diet-centric), while others are ''aushadha pradhana'' (medication-centric). The chapter also emphasizes the importance of dosage (''matra''), timing and frequency (''kala''), and rational judgement (''yukti'') required for effective administration of the purificatory procedures. The chapter begins with an explanation of medicines for ''shirovirechana'' (catharsis of cephalic region) and then explains purificatory procedures for ''vamana'' (therapeutic emesis), ''virechana'' (therapeutic purgation), ''anuvasana'' (oil enemata), and ''niruhabasti'' (decoction enemata). The reason for such a beginning is the importance or superiority of head among all body parts. [Ca. Su. 17/2].

It further lists down ''Panchakarma dravya'' (drugs useful for purificatory procedures), description of ''yavagu'' (food preparation) and characteristics of an ideal physician eligible to administer these procedures and preparations.

It further lists down ''Panchakarma dravya'' (drugs useful for purificatory procedures), description of ''yavagu'' (food preparation) and characteristics of an ideal physician eligible to administer these procedures and preparations.

===Sanskrit text, transliteration and english translation===  

===Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation===  

अथातोऽपामार्गतण्डुलीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||  

अथातोऽपामार्गतण्डुलीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||  

Lord Atreya said, we will now describe the chapter [[Apamarga Tanduliya]]. [1-2]

Lord Atreya said, we will now describe the chapter [[Apamarga Tanduliya]]. [1-2]

====Herbs used for ''shirovirechana'' (catharsis of cephalic region) and their indications====

====Herbs used for ''Shirovirechana'' (Catharsis of Cephalic Region) and their Indications====

   

   

अपामार्गस्य बीजानि पिप्पलीर्मरिचानि च|  

अपामार्गस्य बीजानि पिप्पलीर्मरिचानि च|  

# Gruel for adverse effects due to improper administration of oil: Intake of gruel with buttermilk and ''pinyaka'' (oil cake) alleviates untoward effects caused by the improper administration of oil.[30]  

# Gruel for adverse effects due to improper administration of oil: Intake of gruel with buttermilk and ''pinyaka'' (oil cake) alleviates untoward effects caused by the improper administration of oil.[30]  

# Gruel for pyrexia of irregular pattern: Gruel prepared using cow meat and sour ''Dadima'' (Punica granatum) is beneficial in ''vishamajwara'' (Type of fever).[31]  

# Gruel for pyrexia of irregular pattern: Gruel prepared using cow meat and sour ''Dadima'' (Punica granatum) is beneficial in ''vishamajwara'' (Type of fever).[31]  

# Gruel for diseases of throat: Gruel prepared with ''Yava'' (Hordeum vulgare),ghee, oil,  Pippali (Piper longum Linn.) and Amalaki(Phyllanthus emblica Linn.)) is useful for throat.[31]  

# Gruel for diseases of throat: Gruel prepared with ''Yava'' (Hordeum vulgare),ghee, oil,  ''Pippali'' (Piper longum Linn.) and ''Amalaki''(Phyllanthus emblica Linn.)) is useful for throat.[31]  

# Gruel for disorders of male genital tract: Gruel prepared using Tamrachuda (chicken meat) is said to be beneficial in seminal disorde[32]   

# Gruel for disorders of male genital tract: Gruel prepared using ''Tamrachuda'' (chicken meat) is said to be beneficial in seminal disorder[32]   

# Aphrodisiac Gruel: Gruel prepared using Masha (Phaseolus mungo Linn.) along with ghee and milk is aphrodisiac. [32]  

# Aphrodisiac Gruel: Gruel prepared using ''Masha'' (Phaseolus mungo Linn.) along with ghee and milk is aphrodisiac. [32]  

# Gruel for narcosis: One prepared with Upodika (Basella rubra Linn.) and curd cures mada (narcosis). [33]

# Gruel for narcosis: One prepared with ''Upodika'' (Basella rubra Linn.) and curd cures mada (narcosis). [33]

# Gruel for excess hunger: Gruel prepared with Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera Linn.), milk and extract of inguinal flesh is beneficial in excessive hunger. [33]

# Gruel for excess hunger: Gruel prepared with ''Apamarga'' (Achyranthes aspera Linn.), milk and extract of inguinal flesh is beneficial in excessive hunger. [33]

तत्र श्लोकः-  

तत्र श्लोकः-  

Thus after summarizing,

Thus after summarizing,

All the twenty eight varieties of gruel have been described and the drugs administered in five bio-purificatory therapies have been enumerated in brief. [34]

All the twenty eight varieties of gruel have been described and the drugs administered in five bio-purificatory therapies have been enumerated in brief. [34]

Though in the previous chapter description about fruits, roots and other medicinal plants have been mentioned, still from the view of bio-purificatory therapies description of drugs are included. [35]

Though in the previous chapter description about fruits, roots and other medicinal plants have been mentioned, still from the view of bio-purificatory therapies description of drugs are included. [35]

==== Qualities of practicing physician ====

==== Qualities of a Practicing Physician ====

स्मृतिमान् हेतुयुक्तिज्ञो जितात्मा प्रतिपत्तिमान्|  

स्मृतिमान् हेतुयुक्तिज्ञो जितात्मा प्रतिपत्तिमान्|  

bhiShagauShadhasaMyogaishcikitsAM kartumarhati||36||  

bhiShagauShadhasaMyogaishcikitsAM kartumarhati||36||  

A physician endowed with good smriti (memory), hetu-yuktijna (knowledge of cause and effect of disease), jitatma (self restraint), and pratipattiman (presence of mind), is entitled to practice Ayurveda through the combination of various drugs. [36]

A physician endowed with good ''smriti'' (memory), ''hetu-yuktijna'' (knowledge of cause and effect of disease), ''jitatma'' (self restraint), and ''pratipattiman'' (presence of mind), is entitled to practice [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] through the combination of various drugs. [36]

इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थानेऽपामार्गतण्डुलीयो नाम द्वितीयोऽध्यायः||२||  

इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थानेऽपामार्गतण्डुलीयो नाम द्वितीयोऽध्यायः||२||  

=== Tattva Vimarsha ===

=== Tattva Vimarsha ===

* Body purification is an important method for disease management.  Shirovirachana [catharsis of cephalic region] is indicated for disease in head region. Vamana [therapeutic emesis] is indicated for vitiated kapha disorders. Virechana [therapeutic purgation] is indicated for vitiated pitta disorders.  Aasthapana [enema with decoction] and Anuvasana [enema with oil/unctuous substances] are indicated in vitiation of disorders of vata.

* Body purification is an important method for disease management.  ''Shirovirachana'' (catharsis of the cephalic region) is indicated for disease in head region. ''Vamana'' (therapeutic emesis) is indicated for vitiated ''kapha'' disorders. ''Virechana'' (therapeutic purgation) is indicated for vitiated ''pitta'' disorders.  ''Aasthapana'' (enema with decoction) and ''Anuvasana'' (enema with oil/unctuous substances) are indicated in vitiation of disorders of ''vata''.

* Specific yavagu [gruel] processed with various herbs are indicated for treatment of specific curable diseases as well as re-kindling jatharagni (digestive powers).

* Specific ''yavagu'' (gruel) processed with various herbs are indicated for treatment of specific curable diseases as well as re-kindling ''jatharagni'' (digestive powers).

* Physicians require good memory, knowledge of etiology of diseases, self-restraint, and good presence of mind to be able to formulate Ayurvedic preparations and administer them to the patients.

* Physicians require good memory, knowledge of etiology of diseases, self-restraint, and good presence of mind to be able to formulate Ayurvedic preparations and administer them to the patients.

=== Vidhi Vimarsha ===

=== Vidhi Vimarsha ===

In the previous chapter on the Deerghanjeeviteeya (Quest for longevity) plants and their different useful parts have been explained. There are however some other plants like Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn.) which are also useful for panchakarma (five purificatory procedures), but not described in that chapter. Hence in this chapter remaining drugs which are useful for various bio-purificatory therapies and the objectives of applications are enumerated. The drugs mentioned in each group can be used either individually or in combination of as many as are available. [Su.Su.36/33]  

In the previous chapter on the [[Deerghanjiviteeya]] (Quest for longevity) plants and their different useful parts have been explained. There are however some other plants like ''Pippali'' (Piper longum Linn.), ''Maricha'' (Piper nigrum Linn.) which are also useful for panchakarma (five purificatory procedures), but not described in that chapter. Hence in this chapter remaining drugs which are useful for various bio-purificatory therapies and the objectives of applications are enumerated. The drugs mentioned in each group can be used either individually or in combination of as many as are available. [Su.Su.36/33]  

==== Herbs used For shirovirechana(catharsis of cephalic region) ====

==== Herbs used For shirovirechana(catharsis of cephalic region) ====