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{{#seo:

|title=Shyamatrivrita Kalpa Adhyaya

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|keywords=Shyama, Trivrita, Virechana, Operculana turpenthum Linn., purgation, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|description=Kalpa Sthana Chapter 7. Pharmaceutical preparations of Shyama Trivrita

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|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com~~/mediawiki-1.32.1~~/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

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|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=charak samhita

|type=article

}}

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<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 7. Pharmaceutical preparations of Shyama Trivrita '''</big>

{{Infobox

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|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]

|label6 = Translator and commentator

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|data6 = Sitaram B.,Sawant B.

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|data6 = Sitaram B., Sawant B.

|label7 = Reviewer

|data7 = Sawant B., Nishteswar K.

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|label8 = ~~Editor~~

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|label8 = Editors

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|data8 = Nishteswar K., Sawant B.

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|data8 = Nishteswar K., Sawant B., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

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|label9 = ~~Date~~ of publication

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|label9 = Year of publication

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|data9 = ~~December 17, 2018~~

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|data9 = 2020

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|label10 = ~~DOI~~

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|label10 = Publisher

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|data10 =

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|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

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|~~header3~~ =

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|label11 = DOI

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|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.008 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.008]

}}

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

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<~~div~~ style="text-align:justify;">

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<p style="text-align:justify;">The seventh Chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] deals with the pharmaceutical preparations for ''virechana karma'' (purgative therapy) using ''Shyama'' and ''Trivrita''. ''Trivrita'', is considered best purgative because of its effectiveness and minimal side effects. The chapter describes synonyms of the plant, its morphology, pharmacological properties, the varieties of plant with their different indications and untoward effects, the method of collection of the plant part used i.e. the root and its storage are also described. Then, one hundred and ten preparations using ''Trivrita'' or ''Shyama'' or combination of these two drugs are enlisted. Proportions of different drugs that are to be used along with the main drug are discussed and the dosage to different individuals is also presented. Recipes made of ''Trivrita'' or ''Shyama'' are formulated in such a way to suit any individual depending upon the seasons and climatic conditions.<br/>

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The seventh Chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] deals with the pharmaceutical preparations for ''virechana karma'' (purgative therapy) using ''Shyama'' and ''Trivrita''. ''Trivrita'', is considered best purgative because of its effectiveness and minimal side effects. The chapter describes synonyms of the plant, its morphology, pharmacological properties, the varieties of plant with their different indications and untoward effects, the method of collection of the plant part used i.e. the root and its storage are also described. Then, one hundred and ten preparations using ''Trivrita'' or ''Shyama'' or combination of these two drugs are enlisted. Proportions of different drugs that are to be used along with the main drug are discussed and the dosage to different individuals is also presented. Recipes made of ''Trivrita'' or ''Shyama'' are formulated in such a way to suit any individual depending upon the seasons and climatic conditions.

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'''Keywords''': ''Shyama, Trivrita, Virechana,'' Operculana turpenthum Linn., purgation.

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'''Keywords''': Shyama, Trivrita, [[Virechana]], Operculana turpenthum Linn., purgation.

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</~~div~~>

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</p>

== Introduction ==

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The first six chapters of this section dealt with preparations used for ''Vamana Karma'' (therapeutic emesis). The preparations aimed at ''Virechana Karma'' (therapeutic purgation) begin with this chapter and are extended in five more chapters. ''Trivrita'' is considered the best as it causes very little side effects and less spasmodic pain during the process of purgation, that is the reason many recipes of this drug are being described.

+

The first six chapters of this section dealt with preparations used for [[Vamana]] Karma (therapeutic emesis). The preparations aimed at [[Virechana]] Karma (therapeutic purgation) begin with this chapter and are extended in five more chapters. ''Trivrita'' is considered the best as it causes very little side effects and less spasmodic pain during the process of purgation, that is the reason many recipes of this drug are being described.

−

The action of ''Virechana'' drugs known as laxatives or purgatives or cathartics varies depending upon the drug used. The different varieties of drugs used in modern medicine act according to their structure and chemical composition. The latency and effect of all laxatives vary with dosage. In sufficiently high dosage, many laxatives promote catharsis, which implies purgation with more fluid evacuation. Generally many of the drugs used in [[Ayurveda]] for catharsis or laxative action are stimulant laxatives. These drugs stimulate accumulation of water and electrolytes in the colonic lumen and they also enhance intestinal motility. Anthraquinones that are present in many of the Ayurvedic drugs like ''Haritaki, Aragvadha'' or ''Trivrita'' exert their action similarly. They reduce net absorption of electrolytes and water and also increase the permeability of the mucosa, possibly by making tight junctions leaky. This persistent action allows fats to secrete through the intestinal mucosa there by reducing the overall levels of triglycerides in the body. Many of the laxatives of this type increase the synthesis of prostaglandins and this action may contribute to increased secretion of water and electrolytes and is a factor for the spasmodic pain during the process of catharsis. In the present chapter, purgative preparations of ''Trivrita'' are described.

+

The action of [[Virechana]] drugs known as laxatives or purgatives or cathartics varies depending upon the drug used. The different varieties of drugs used in modern medicine act according to their structure and chemical composition. The latency and effect of all laxatives vary with dosage. In sufficiently high dosage, many laxatives promote catharsis, which implies purgation with more fluid evacuation. Generally many of the drugs used in [[Ayurveda]] for catharsis or laxative action are stimulant laxatives. These drugs stimulate accumulation of water and electrolytes in the colonic lumen and they also enhance intestinal motility. Anthraquinones that are present in many of the Ayurvedic drugs like ''Haritaki, Aragvadha'' or ''Trivrita'' exert their action similarly. They reduce net absorption of electrolytes and water and also increase the permeability of the mucosa, possibly by making tight junctions leaky. This persistent action allows fats to secrete through the intestinal mucosa there by reducing the overall levels of triglycerides in the body. Many of the laxatives of this type increase the synthesis of prostaglandins and this action may contribute to increased secretion of water and electrolytes and is a factor for the spasmodic pain during the process of catharsis. In the present chapter, purgative preparations of ''Trivrita'' are described.

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==

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अथातः श्यामात्रिवृत्कल्पं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः ||२||

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athatah shyamatrivrutkalpam vyakhyasyamah ||1||

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iti ha smaha bhagavanatreyah||2||

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</div></div>

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Now we shall expound the chapter "Shyamatrivrita Kalpa" (Pharmaceutical preparations of Shyama Trivrita). Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]

=== Importance of ''Trivrita'' as a Purgative ===

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विरेचने त्रिवृन्मूलं श्रेष्ठमाहुर्मनीषिणः |

तस्याः सञ्ज्ञा गुणाः कर्म भेदः कल्पश्च वक्ष्यते ||३||

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virechane trivrunmulam shreshthamahurmanishinah |

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tasyah saungya gunah karma bhedah kalpashcha vakshyate||3||

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</div></div>

According to physicians who are knowledgeable and wise, the root of ''Trivrita'' is considered the best among the purgative drugs. Now, its identity in the form of Synonyms, Pharmacological properties, Therapeutic actions, varieties or types and recipes will be described (in the following verses). [3]

=== Identity and Synonyms ===

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त्रिभण्डी त्रिवृता चैव श्यामा कूटरणा तथा |

सर्वानुभूतिः सुवहा शब्दैः पर्यायवाचकैः ||४||

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tribhandi trivruta chaiva shyama kutarana tatha |

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sarvanubhutih suvaha shabdaih paryayavachakaihi ||4||

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</div></div>

''Tribhandi, Trivrita, Shyama, Kutarana, Sarvanubhuti'' and ''Suvaha'' are the synonyms of the drug ''Trivrita''. [4]

=== Properties ===

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कषाया मधुरा रूक्षा विपाके कटुका च सा | <br />

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सेदानीमौषधैर्युक्ता वातपित्तकफापहैः | <br />

कल्पवैशेष्यमासाद्य सर्वरोगहरा भवेत् ||६|| <br />

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kashaya madhura ruksha vipake katuka cha sa | <br />

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sedanimaushadhairyukta vatapittakaphapahaih| <br />

kalpavaisheshyamasadya [1] sarvarogahara bhavet||6|| <br />

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</div></div>

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''Trivrita'' is astringent and sweet in taste, dry (not oily or creamy) and pungent in ''vipaka'' (post digestive effect). Due to its dry property it pacifies ''kapha'' and ''pitta'' and aggravates ''vata''. Even then, when utilized along with drugs which pacify ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' and also depending upon the combinations used in various pharmaceutical preparations, this drug attains the capacity of curing all types of diseases. [5-6]

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''Trivrita'' is astringent and sweet in taste, dry (not oily or creamy) and pungent in ''vipaka'' (post digestive effect). Due to its dry property it pacifies [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] and aggravates [[vata]]. Even then, when utilized along with drugs which pacify [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] and also depending upon the combinations used in various pharmaceutical preparations, this drug attains the capacity of curing all types of diseases. [5-6]

=== Types of ''Trivrita'' ===

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मूलं तु द्विविधं तस्याः श्यामं चारुणमेव च |

तयोर्मुख्यतरं विद्धि मूलं यदरुणप्रभम् ||७||

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mulam tu dvividham tasyah shyamam charunameva cha |

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tayormukhyataram viddhi mulam yadarunaprabham||7||

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</div></div>

Roots of the plant ''Trivrita'' are of two types. The one that is black (''shyama'') is more beneficial than the other blackish red one. [7]

=== Utility of Pink Variety ===

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सुकुमारे शिशौ वृद्धे मृदुकोष्ठे च तच्छुभम् |

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sukumare shishau vruddhe mrudukoshthe cha tacchubham ||7½ |||

sukumare shishau vruddhe mrudukoshthe cha tacchubham |

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</div></div>

The root of the Trivruta having blackish red color can be used as a purgative drug, for persons having delicate health, for children, for aged and for persons having laxed bowel (''Mridu koshtha'') [7½]

=== Utility of Black variety ===

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मोहयेदाशुकारित्वाच्छ्यामा क्षिण्वीत मूर्च्छयेत् ||८||

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शस्यते बहुदोषाणां क्रूरकोष्ठाश्च ये नराः ||९||

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mohayedashukaritvacchyama kshinvita murcchayet ||8||

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shasyate bahudoshanam krurakoshthashcha ye narah||9||

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</div></div>

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The root of the ''Trivrita'' having black colour, when used for purgative action, due to its instantaneous action, leads to unconsciousness, loss (of tissue elements or in another sense, electrolytes) and fainting. Due to its rapid action, it causes spasmodic pain (torment) in the cardiac region and throat. It eliminates the morbid (accumulated) material instantaneously. Hence, this variety is highly useful in persons having excessively aggravated ''dosha'' and highly constipated bowel (''Krura koshtha'') [7 ½ -9]

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The root of the ''Trivrita'' having black colour, when used for purgative action, due to its instantaneous action, leads to unconsciousness, loss (of tissue elements or in another sense, electrolytes) and fainting. Due to its rapid action, it causes spasmodic pain (torment) in the cardiac region and throat. It eliminates the morbid (accumulated) material instantaneously. Hence, this variety is highly useful in persons having excessively aggravated [[dosha]] and highly constipated bowel (''Krura koshtha'') [7 ½ -9]

=== Method of collection ===

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गुणवत्यां तयोर्भूमौ जातं मूलं समुद्धरेत् |

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तद्विपाट्योद्धरेद्गर्भं त्वचं शुष्कां निधापयेत् ||११||

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gunavatyam tayorbhumau jatam mulam samuddharet |

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tadvipatyoddharedgarbham [1] tvacham shushkam nidhapayet||11||

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</div></div>

Both the varieties of the ''Trivrita'' root, growing in good soil, should be uprooted from the ground by a person who has observed fast, in ''Shukla Paksha'', who is wearing white colored formal clothing and who has got concentration of mind. The roots should have deeply penetrated, smooth (without nodes or side roots), and not spreading sideways. Then, these roots are to be split and the pith is to be removed. Then, the root bark is to be separated. When the bark of the root is completely dried, it is to be appropriately preserved. [10-11]

=== Preparatory measures ===

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स्निग्धस्विन्नो विरेच्यस्तु पेयामात्रोषितः सुखम् |१२|

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snigdhasvinno virechyastu peyamatroshitah sukham |12|

snigdhasvinno virechyastu peyamatroshitah sukham|12|

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</div></div>

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The person who has undergone oleation and fomentation therapies (who is ready to be given purgative drug the next day, is to be given ''peya'' (gruel made of cereals, which is thin) as food in the previous night so that, he purges with ease (in the next morning, after administration of the purgative drug). [11 ½]

=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' along with sour liquid etc. ===

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अक्षमात्रं तयोः पिण्डं विनीयाम्लेन ना पिबेत् ||१२||

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प्रसन्नया त्रिफलया शृतया च पृथक् पिबेत् ||१३||

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akshamatram tayoh pindam viniyamlena na pibet ||12||

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prasannaya triphalaya shrutaya cha pruthak pibet||13||

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</div></div>

Grinded paste of, either of the roots of ''Trivrita'' or in combination, in a round bolus form (''pinda''), in a dose of around 12 Gms. (one ''aksha'') should be mixed with sour drinks (''kanjika''), and can be taken in by a person (who is to be purgated).

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=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' in powder form ===

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एकैकं सैन्धवादीनां द्वादशानां सनागरम् | <br />

त्रिवृद्द्विगुणसंयुक्तं चूर्णमुष्णाम्बुना पिबेत् ||१४|| <br />

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ekaikam saindhavadinam dvadashanam sanagaram | <br />

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ekaikam saindhavadinam dvadashanam sanagaram| <br />

trivruddvigunasamyuktam churnamushnambuna pibet||14|| <br />

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</div></div>

Two parts of ''Trivrita'' root powder may be mixed with one part of salt out of its twelve types (''Saindhava, Sauvarchala, Kala, Bida, Pakya, Anupa, Kupya, Valukaja, Maulaka, Samudra, Romaka,'' and ''Audbhida''). These preparations should be taken in along with ''Nagara'' (dry ginger powder) and hot water. [14]

=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' to be taken along with Cow Urine ===

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पिप्पली पिप्पलीमूलं मरिचं गजपिप्पली | <br />

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एकैकार्धांशसंयुक्तं पिबेद्गोमूत्रसंयुतम् |१७| <br />

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pippali pippalimulam maricham gajapippali | <br />

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ekaikardhamshasamyuktam pibedgomutrasamyutam|17|<br />

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</div></div>

One part of ''Trivrita'' root powdered should be added with half part of the powder of either ''Pippali, Pippalimula, Maricha, Gajapippali, Sarala, Kilima, Hingu, Bharngi, Tejovati, Musta, Haimavati, Pathya, Chitraka, Rajani (Haridra), Vacha, Svarna Kshiri, Ajamoda,'' or ''Shringavera''. Any one of these may be taken in, along with cow urine for purgation. [15-16- 16 ½]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' along with ''Madhuka'' ===

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मधुकार्धांशसंयुक्तं शर्कराम्बुयुतं पिबेत् ||१७||

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madhukardhamshasamyuktam sharkarambuyutam pibet ||17||

madhukardhamshasamyuktam sharkarambuyutam pibet||17||

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</div></div>

Half part of ''Madhuka'' (''Yashtimadhu'') powder may be added with one part of ''Trivrita'' powder this mixture can be taken in along with sugar water for purgation. [17]

=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' along with ''Jivaka'', etc. ===

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जीवकर्षभकौ मेदां श्रावणीं कर्काटाह्वयाम् | <br />

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वातपित्तहितान्येतान्यन्यानि तु कफानिले |२०| <br />

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jivakarhushabhakau medam shravanim karkatahvayam | <br />

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vatapittahitanyetanyanyani tu kaphanile|20| <br />

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</div></div>

−

The powder of ''Trivrita'' can be taken along with the powder of either, ''Jivaka, Rhushbhaka, Meda, Shravani (Mundi), Karkatashringi, Mudgaparni, Mashaparni, Maha-shravani, Kakoli, Kshirakakoli, Indra (Indravaruni), Chinna riha (Guduchi), Kshirashukla (Kshiravidari)'' or ''Payasya (Arka-puspha)'' for purgation. Similarly, the powder of ''Trivrita'' root can be taken along with ''Yashtimadhu (Madhuka)'' for purgation. The above mentioned preparations are useful for diseases caused by ''vata'' and ''pitta''. The preparations that will be useful for the diseases caused by ''vata'' and ''pitta'' will be described later. [18 –19½]

+

The powder of ''Trivrita'' can be taken along with the powder of either, ''Jivaka, Rhushbhaka, Meda, Shravani (Mundi), Karkatashringi, Mudgaparni, Mashaparni, Maha-shravani, Kakoli, Kshirakakoli, Indra (Indravaruni), Chinna riha (Guduchi), Kshirashukla (Kshiravidari)'' or ''Payasya (Arka-puspha)'' for purgation. Similarly, the powder of ''Trivrita'' root can be taken along with ''Yashtimadhu (Madhuka)'' for purgation. The above mentioned preparations are useful for diseases caused by[[vata]] and [[pitta]]. The preparations that will be useful for the diseases caused by [[vata]] and [[pitta]] will be described later. [18 –19½]

=== Preparations of Trivrita, to be taken along with liquids ===

+

क्षीरमांसेक्षुकाश्मर्यद्राक्षापीलुरसैः पृथक् ||२०||

सर्पिषा वा तयोश्चूर्णमभयार्धांशिकं पिबेत् |२१|

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kshiramamsekshukashmaryadrakshapilurasaih pruthak ||20||

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sarpisha va tayoshchurnamabhayardhamshikam pibet|21|

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</div></div>

One part of the ''Trivrita'' root powdered mixed with half part of powdered ''haritaki'' may be taken in along with either, Milk, Meat-soup, Sugar cane juice, Fruit juice of ''Kashmarya (Gambhari)'', Fruit juice of ''Draksha'' (grapes), Fruit Juice of ''Pilu'', or Ghee, for purgation. [19 ½ - 20½]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of Linctus (No. 1) ===

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लिह्याद्वा मधुसर्पिर्भ्यां संयुक्तं ससितोपलम् ||२१||

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lihyadva madhusarpirbhyam samyuktam sasitopalam ||21||

lihyadva madhusarpirbhyam samyuktam sasitopalam||21||

+

</div></div>

(Powered root of ''Trivrita'' may be) added with honey and ghee (to form a linctus). Then, crudely powdered sugar candy is added to it (and taken in for purgation) [21]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of linctus (No. 2) ===

+

अजगन्धा तुगाक्षीरी विदारी शर्करा त्रिवृत् | <br />

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सन्निपातज्वरस्तम्भदाहतृष्णार्दितो नरः | <br />

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ajagandha tugakshiri vidari sharkara trivrut | <br />

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sannipatajvarastambhadahatrushnardito narah| <br />

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</div></div>

The powders of ''Ajagandha, Tugakshiri, Vidari, Sarkara'' (sugar) and ''Trivrita'' may be mixed with honey and ghee. This linctus taken in, is useful as a mild purgative, for the patient suffering from ''Sannipata Jwara'' (fevers caused by aggravation of all the three ''doshas''), ''Stambha'' (either retention of urine and faeces or generalized stiffness of the body), ''Daha'' (burning sensation in some parts or throughout the body) and ''Trishna'' (Thirst due to some underlying pathology). [22- 22 ½]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of linctus (No. 3) ===

+

श्यामात्रिवृत्कषायेण कल्केन च सशर्करम् ||२३||

साधयेद्विधिवल्लेहं लिह्यात् पाणितलं ततः |

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shyamatrivrutkashayena kalkena cha sasharkaram ||23||

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sadhayedvidhivalleham lihyat panitalam tatah|

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</div></div>

With the decoction and paste (either dried powder or wet paste) of the black variety of Trivruta root, a linctus is to be prepared following the prescribed procedure) using sugar (as a solvent). In a dose of one ''panitala'' this linctus can be taken in (for purgation). [22 ½ - 23½]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of linctus (No. 4) ===

+

सक्षौद्रां शर्करां पक्त्वा कुर्यान्मृद्भाजने नवे ||२४||

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मात्रया लेहयेदेतदीश्वराणां विरेचनम् ||२५||

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sakshaudram sharkaram paktva kuryanmrudbhajane nave ||24||

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matraya [2] lehayedetadishvaranam virechanam||25||

+

</div></div>

Sugar and honey are mixed well and boiled (till the sugar is completely dissolved) in a new earthen vessel. When it is properly cooked and cooled, powdered ''Trivrita'' may be added to it, along with powders of ''Tvak'' (Cinnamon bark), ''Patra'' (Cinnamon leaves) and ''Maricha'' (black pepper) are added to it. This linctus can be taken in, in the prescribed and suitable dose. This is a useful purgative for persons belonging to the upper class. [2 ½ - 25]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of Linctus (No. 5) ===

+

कुडवांशान् रसानिक्षुद्राक्षापीलुपरुषकात् | <br />

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तं लेहं योजयेच्छीतं त्रिवृच्चूर्णेन शास्त्रवित् | <br />

एतदुत्सन्नपित्तानामीश्वराणां विरेचनम् ||२७|| <br />

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kudavamshan rasanikshudrakshapiluparushakat | <br />

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tam leham yojayecchitam trivrucchurnena shastravit| <br />

etadutsannapittanamishvaranam [4] virechanam||27|| <br />

+

</div></div>

Each one ''kudava'' (approx 200 ml) of the juices of ''Ikshu, Draksha, Pilu'' and ''Parushaka,'' one ''pala'' (approx.48g) of ''Sitopala'' (sugar candy) and half a ''kudava'' (approx 100 ml) of honey are to be boiled together. When it is cooled, powdered ''Trivrita'' is to be added to it by experts (in the field of such preparations) and made into linctus. This preparation is highly useful as a purgative for those persons, who are having excessively aggravated ''pitta dosha'' and who are from the upper classes of the society. [26-27]

=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' with Sugar ===

+

शर्करामोदकान् वर्तीर्गुलिकामांसपूपकान् | <br />

अनेन विधिना कुर्यात् पैत्तिकानां विरेचनम् ||२८|| <br />

+

sharkaramodakan vartirgulikamamsapupakan | <br />

Line 422: Line 483:

sharkaramodakan vartirgulikamamsapupakan| <br />

anena vidhina kuryat paittikanam virechanam||28|| <br />

+

</div></div>

−

Following the same method (as mentioned in the above verses) preparations may be done in the form of ''Sharkara modaka'' (round, ball like sweets made of sugar), ''Sharkara varti'' (rolls made of sugar), ''Sharkaragulika'' (Pills made with sugar) and ''Sharkara mamsapupaka'' (Cake prepared with sugar and meat). These preparations are useful as purgatives for those persons, suffering from diseases caused by ''pitta dosha'' [28]

+

Following the same method (as mentioned in the above verses) preparations may be done in the form of ''Sharkara modaka'' (round, ball like sweets made of sugar), ''Sharkara varti'' (rolls made of sugar), ''Sharkaragulika'' (Pills made with sugar) and ''Sharkara mamsapupaka'' (Cake prepared with sugar and meat). These preparations are useful as purgatives for those persons, suffering from diseases caused by [[pitta]] [[dosha]] [28]

=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' in the form of linctus (No. 6) ===

+

पिप्पलीं नागरं क्षारं श्यामां त्रिवृतया सह | <br />

लेहयेन्मधुना सार्धं श्लेष्मलानां विरेचनम् ||२९||<br />

+

pippalim nagaram ksharam shyamam trivrutaya saha | <br />

Line 435: Line 499:

pippalim nagaram ksharam shyamam trivrutaya saha| <br />

lehayenmadhuna sardham shleshmalanam virechanam||29|| <br />

+

</div></div>

The powder of ''Trivrita'' (having pink roots) may be added with powders of ''Pippali, Nagara, Kshara'' (an alkali preparation) and ''Shyama'' (the variety having black roots).

−

To this mixed powder, honey may be added and can be taken in, in the form of linctus for purgation for those having ''kapha'' type of constitution or for those persons suffering from disease due to the aggravation of ''kapha''.

+

To this mixed powder, honey may be added and can be taken in, in the form of linctus for purgation for those having [[kapha]] type of constitution or for those persons suffering from disease due to the aggravation of [[kapha]].

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of linctus (No. 7) ===

+

मातुलुङ्गाभयाधात्रीश्रीपर्णीकोलदाडिमात् |<br />

Line 450: Line 516:

त्वक्पत्रकेशरैलानां चूर्णं मधु च मात्रया |<br />

लेहोऽयं कफपूर्णानामीश्वराणां विरेचनम् ||३२|| <br />

+

matulungabhayadhatrishriparnikoladadimat | <br />

Line 468: Line 535:

tvakpatrakesharailanam curnam madhu cha matraya| <br />

lehoayam kaphapurnanamishvaranam virechanam||32|| <br />

+

</div></div>

The juice of ''Matulunga, Abhaya, Dhatri, Shriparni, Kola'' and ''Dadima'' are to be properly sizzled (fried till a hissing sound comes out) and cooked in oil by adding the pulp of ''Sahakara'' (mango), ''Kapittha'' (wood apple) and ''Matulunga'' (Sour fruit). When the preparation starts concentrating, the powder of ''Trivrita'', root along with the powders of ''Tvak, Patra, Keshara'' and ''Ela'' are to be added. Finally honey is to be added to make linctus. Intake of this linctus in appropriate dose is useful as a purgative for those persons from upper classes.[30-32]

=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' in the form of Syrup etc. ===

+

पानकानि रसान् यूषान्मोदकान् रागषाडवान् |<br />

अनेन विधिना कुर्याद्विरेकार्थं कफाधिके ||३३|| <br />

+

panakani rasan yushanmodakan ragashadavan | <br />

Line 481: Line 551:

panakani rasan yushanmodakan ragashadavan| <br />

anena vidhina kuryadvirekartham kaphadhike||33|| <br />

+

</div></div>

−

Similar to the above mentioned procedure, the preparations (of ''Trivrita'') are to be made in the forms of ''Panak'' (syrup), ''Rasa'' (meat soup), ''Yusha'' (pulse-soup), ''Modaka'' (sweet-meat), and ''Raga'' – ''shadava'' (sour drinks with and pungent taste). These preparations can be administered for purgation to persons having aggravated ''kapha''. [33]

+

Similar to the above mentioned procedure, the preparations (of ''Trivrita'') are to be made in the forms of ''Panak'' (syrup), ''Rasa'' (meat soup), ''Yusha'' (pulse-soup), ''Modaka'' (sweet-meat), and ''Raga'' – ''shadava'' (sour drinks with and pungent taste). These preparations can be administered for purgation to persons having aggravated [[kapha]]. [33]

=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' in the form of ''Tarpana'' (soothing drink) ===

+

भृङ्गैलाभ्यां समा नीली तैस्त्रिवृत्तैश्च शर्करा |<br />

Line 491: Line 563:

वातपित्तकफोत्थेषु रोगेष्वल्पानलेषु च | <br />

नरेषु सुकुमारेषु निरपायं विरेचनम् ||३५|| <br />

+

bhrngailabhyam sama nili taistrivruttaishcha sharkara | <br />

Line 503: Line 576:

vatapittakaphottheshu rogeshvalpanaleshu cha| <br />

nareshu sukumareshu nirapayam virechanam||35|| <br />

+

</div></div>

−

A ''Tarpana'' or soothing drink should be prepared by adding the powder of one part of ''Bhringa'', one part of ''Ela'' (Cinnamon bark), two parts of ''Nili'', three parts of ''Trivrita'' and seven parts of sugar to the juice of ''Dadima'', honey and powder of pop-rice or barley. This is a very safe purgative preparation for the patients suffering from diseases due to ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'', for persons having low digestive fire and for persons who are very much tender or delicate. [34-35]

+

A ''Tarpana'' or soothing drink should be prepared by adding the powder of one part of ''Bhringa'', one part of ''Ela'' (Cinnamon bark), two parts of ''Nili'', three parts of ''Trivrita'' and seven parts of sugar to the juice of ''Dadima'', honey and powder of pop-rice or barley. This is a very safe purgative preparation for the patients suffering from diseases due to [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]], for persons having low digestive fire and for persons who are very much tender or delicate. [34-35]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of ''Modaka'' ===

+

शर्करात्रिफलाश्यामात्रिवृत्पिप्पलिमाक्षिकैः |<br />

मोदकः सन्निपातोर्ध्वरक्तपित्तज्वरापहः ||३६|| <br />

+

sharkaratriphalashyamatrivrutpippalimakshikaihi | <br />

Line 516: Line 592:

sharkaratriphalashyamatrivrutpippalimakshikaihi | <br />

modakah sannipatordhvaraktapittajvarapahah||36|| <br />

+

</div></div>

−

A ''Modaka'' (large sized round sweet-meat) may be prepared using sugar, ''Haritaki, Vibhitaki, and Amalaki'', black variety of ''Trivrita'' roots, ''Pippali'' and honey. Intake of this preparation cures ''Sannipata'' (simultaneous aggravation of all the three ~~''doshas''~~ and diseases caused there upon), ''Urdhva Raktapitta'' (bleeding from the opening of the upper parts of the body like mouth or nose) and fever. [36]

+

A ''Modaka'' (large sized round sweet-meat) may be prepared using sugar, ''Haritaki, Vibhitaki, and Amalaki'', black variety of ''Trivrita'' roots, ''Pippali'' and honey. Intake of this preparation cures ''Sannipata'' (simultaneous aggravation of all the three [[dosha]] and diseases caused there upon), ''Urdhva Raktapitta'' (bleeding from the opening of the upper parts of the body like mouth or nose) and fever. [36]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of linctus (No. 8) ===

+

त्रिवृच्छाणा मतास्तिस्रस्तिस्रश्च त्रिफलात्वचः |<br />

Line 529: Line 607:

गुल्मं प्लीहोदरं श्वासं हलीमकमरोचकम् | <br />

कफवातकृतांश्चान्यान् व्याधीनेतह्यपोहति ||३९|| <br />

+

trivrcchana matastisrastisrashcha triphalatvachah | <br />

Line 547: Line 626:

gulmam plihodaram shvasam halimakamarochakam| <br />

kaphavatakrutamshchanyan vyadhinetahyapohati||39||<br />

+

</div></div>

−

Three ''shanas'' of ''Trivrita'' powder is to be added with one ''shana'' rind powders of ''Haritaki, Vibhitaki, Amalaki,'' ''Vidanga'', ''Pippali'' and ''Kshara'' (an alkali preparation). This compounded powder may be mixed with ghee and honey and made to linctus or to an ''Modaka'' (round large sized sweet meat) using jaggery. This is considered as a good purgative and a person using it need not follow any dietary or any other restrictions. If this preparation is taken in, it can cure ''gulma'' (benign tumors of intestines), ''Plihodara'' (splenomegaly), ''Shvasa'' (broncho-spasm), ''Halimaka'' (chronic hepatitis), ''Arochaka'' (anorexia) and other such diseases caused by the aggravation of ''kapha'' and ''vata'' [37-39]

+

Three ''shanas'' of ''Trivrita'' powder is to be added with one ''shana'' rind powders of ''Haritaki, Vibhitaki, Amalaki,'' ''Vidanga'', ''Pippali'' and ''Kshara'' (an alkali preparation). This compounded powder may be mixed with ghee and honey and made to linctus or to an ''Modaka'' (round large sized sweet meat) using jaggery. This is considered as a good purgative and a person using it need not follow any dietary or any other restrictions. If this preparation is taken in, it can cure ''gulma'' (benign tumors of intestines), ''Plihodara'' (splenomegaly), ''Shvasa'' (broncho-spasm), ''Halimaka'' (chronic hepatitis), ''Arochaka'' (anorexia) and other such diseases caused by the aggravation of [[kapha]] and [[vata]] [37-39]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of ''Modaka'' (No. 2) ===

==== ''Kalyanaka guda'' ====

+

विडङ्गपिप्पलीमूलत्रिफलाधान्यचित्रकान् |<br />

Line 572: Line 653:

इति कल्याणकगुडः |४६| <br />

+

vidangapippalimulatriphaladhanyacitrakan | <br />

Line 612: Line 694:

iti kalyanakagudah|46| <br />

+

</div></div>

Each one ''karsha'' (around 12 grams) of ''Vidanga, Pippalimula, Triphala, Dhanyaka, Chitraka, Maricha, Indrayava, Ajaji Hasti pippali, Saindhava lavana, Samudra lavana, Vida lavana, Sauvarchala lavana, Audbhida lavana'' and ''Ajamoda'' are to be powdered separately and mixed together. Then, each eight ''pala'' (around 320 grams) of sesame oil and powdered root of ''Trivrita'' are added. Then, three ''prasthas'' (around 2.20 litres) juice of ''Amalaki'' and half a ''tula'' of jaggery are added to the entire material and cooked over mild fire. (When, it is completely cooked), round pills (''Guda'') of the size of ''Badara'' or ''Udumbara'' are made from the compound. While taking in these pills, there is no need of restrictions of food or any other regimen. Utilization of this purgative drug relieves loss of digestive power (''Mandagni''), fever (''Jwara''), fainting (''Murchcha''), dysuria (''Mutrakrichchra''), anorexia (''Arochaka''), insomnia (''Asvapna''), body pains (''Gatrashula''), cough (''Kasa''), bronchitis (''Shvasa''), vertigo (''Bhrama''), loss of tissues (''Kshaya''), skin diseases (''Kushtha''), haemorrhoids (''Arshas''), jaundice (''Kamala''), urinary tract diseases including diabetes (''Meha''), benign tumors of the intestines (''Gulma''), diseases of the visceral organs (''Udara''), fistula-in-ano (''Bhagandara''), dysentery (''Grahani''), and anaemia (''Panduroga''). This medicinal preparation also helps in conceiving a male progeny (''pumsavana''). The preparation, thus made and used is known as ''Kalyanaka guda'' and can be used in all seasons [40-45 ½]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of ''Modaka'' ( bolus)(No. 3) ===

+

व्योषत्वक्पत्रमुस्तैलाविडङ्गामलकाभयाः |<br />

Line 630: Line 714:

मूत्रजानां च रोगाणां विधिज्ञेनावचारितः |५०| <br />

+

vyoshatvakpatramustailavidangamalakabhayah | <br />

Line 658: Line 743:

mutrajanam cha roganam vidhinyenavacharitah|50| <br />

+

</div></div>

Each one part of ''Shunthi, Pippali, Maricha, Tvak, Patra, Musta, Ela, Vidanga, Amalaki'' and ''Haritaki,'' two parts of ''Mukulaka'' (''Danti''), eight parts of ''Trivrita'' and six parts of sugar are to be made into powder. To this compound, honey is added and ''Gudika'' (round large pills), each weighing one ''pala'' (around 40 grams) are to be made. One such pill is to be consumed early in the morning after rising from the bed. Cool water can be taken in along with the pill. This is very much useful in dysuria (''Mutrakrchchra''), fever (''Jwara''), vomiting (''Vami''), cough (''Kasa''), bronchial spasm (''Shwasa''), vertigo (''Bhrama''), tissue loss (''Kshaya'') burning sensation (''Tapa''), anemia (''Pandu'') and loss of digestive fire (''Alpagni''). It can be used without following any restrictions regarding food or regimen. It can be used as an excellent purgative drug in all cases of poisoning and also in cases of diseases of urinary tract. [45 ½ - 49½]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of ''Modaka'' (bolus) (No. 4) ===

+

पथ्याधात्र्युरुबूकाणां प्रसृतौ द्वौ त्रिवृत्पलम् ||५०||

दश तान्मोदकान् कुर्यादीश्वराणां विरेचनम् |५१|

+

pathyadhatryurubukanam prasrutau dvau trivrutpalam ||50||

Line 674: Line 762:

dasha tanmodakan kuryadishvaranam virechanam|51|

+

</div></div>

One ''pala'' (around 50 grams) of ''Trivrita'' powder may be added with two ''prasrita'' (around 180 grams) powder of ''Pathya, Dhatri'' and ''Urubuka'' (root bark powder of Castor plant). (After adding sufficient quantity of honey), ten large sized bolus like pills may be prepared. This is ideal for upper class persons and delicate persons for purgation. [49½ - 50½]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of ''Modaka'' (bolus) (no.5) ===

+

त्रिवृद्धैमवती श्यामा नीलिनी हस्तिपिप्पली ||५१||<br />

Line 692: Line 782:

त्रिकवङ्क्षणहृद्बस्तिकोष्ठार्शःप्लीहशूलिनाम् | <br />

हिक्काकासारुचिश्वासकफोदावर्तिनां शुभाः ||५५|| <br />

+

trivruddhaimavati shyama nilini hastipippali ||51|| <br />

Line 720: Line 811:

trikavakshanahrudbastikoshtharshahplihashulinam| <br />

hikkakasarucishvasakaphodavartinam shubhah ||55|| <br />

+

</div></div>

Each one ''karsha'' (around 12 grams) of the ''Trivrita'' powder (the variety having pink roots), ''Haimavati'' (rind of ''Haritaki''). ''Shyama'' (the variety having black roots) ''Nilini, Hastipippali, Pippalimula, Musta, Ajamoda'' and ''Duralabha'', one ''pala'' of ''Nagara'' and twenty ''pala'' of jaggery are mixed together. ''Modakas'' (large pills of the size of ''Udumbara'' fruit may be preferred using the above said paste like mixture. These ''modakas'' are to be rolled well in a compounded powder of ''Hingu, Sauvarchala lavana, Vyosha (Trikatu), Yavani, Bidalavana, Jiraka, Vacha, Ajagandha, Triphala, Chavya, Chitraka, Dhanyaka, Tumburu'' and ''Dadima'' (bark powder), till the ''modakas'' (bolus) are covered completely. These ''modakas'' are positively indicated in pain in the Lumbo-Sacral area (''Trika''), inguinal area (''Vamkshana''), Cardiac or epigastric region (''Hridaya''), pelvic area (''Vasti'') and umbilical area (''Koshtha''), hemorrhoids (''Arshas''), Splenic disorders (''Plihashula''), hiccup (''Hikka''), Cough (''Kasa''), anorexia (''Aruchi''), bronchial spasm (''Shwasa'') and reversed peristalsis due to the obstruction in the stomach due to aggravated ''kapha'' (''kaphaja udavarta''). [50½ -55]

=== Purgative preparation of ''Trivrita'' useful in Rainy season ===

+

त्रिवृतां कौटजं बीजं पिप्पलीं विश्वभेषजम् |<br />

क्षौद्रद्राक्षारसोपेतं वर्षास्वेतद्विरेचनम् ||५६|| <br />

+

trivrutam kautajam bijam pippalim vishvabheshajam | <br />

Line 733: Line 827:

trivrutam kautajam bijam pippalim vishvabheshajam| <br />

kshaudradraksharasopetam varshasvetadvirechanam||56|| <br />

+

</div></div>

The powder of ''Trivrita, Kutajabija, Pippali'' and ''Vishvabheshaja'' (''Shunthi'') are to be mixed with honey and grape juice. This preparation is useful as a purgative in rainy reason. [56]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' useful in post-rainy season ===

+

त्रिवृद्दुरालभामुस्तशर्करोदीच्यचन्दनम् |<br />

द्राक्षाम्बुना सयष्ट्याह्वसातलं जलदात्यये ||५७|| <br />

+

trivrdduralabhamustasharkarodicyachandanam | <br />

Line 746: Line 843:

trivrudduralabhamustasharkarodicyachandanam| <br />

drakshambuna sayashtyahvasatalam jaladatyaye||57|| <br />

+

</div></div>

The powder of ''Trivrita, Duralabha, Musta, Sugar, Udichya'' (''Balaka''), ''Chandana, Yashti'' and ''Satala'' (''charmakasa'') may be token in along with ''Drakshambu'' (grape water) for purgation. This preparation is useful in post-rainy season.[57]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' useful in winter ===

+

त्रिवृतां चित्रकं पाठामजाजीं सरलं वचाम् |<br />

स्वर्णक्षीरीं च हेमन्ते पिष्ट्वा तूष्णाम्बुना पिबेत् ||५८|| <br />

+

trivrutam citrakam pathamajajim saralam vacham | <br />

Line 759: Line 859:

trivrutam citrakam pathamajajim saralam vacham| <br />

svarnakshirim cha hemante pishtva tushnambuna pibet||58|| <br />

+

</div></div>

The powder or paste of ''Trivrita, Chitraka, Patha, Ajaji, Sarala, Vacha'' and ''Svarnakshiri'' may be taken in, along with hot water. This preparation causes purgation in ''Hemanta'' i.e. winter season.[58]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' useful in summer ===

+

शर्करा त्रिवृता तुल्या ग्रीष्मकाले विरेचनम् |

+

sharkara trivruta tulya grishmakale virechanam | 58 ½ |

sharkara trivruta tulya grishmakale virechanam|

+

</div></div>

The powder of ''Trivrita'', mixed with equal quantity of sugar, can be taken in during summer, for purgation.[58½]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' suitable during any season ===

+

त्रिवृत्त्रायन्तिहपुषाः सातलां कटुरोहिणीम् ||५९|| <br />

Line 778: Line 883:

स्वर्णक्षीरीं च सञ्चूर्ण्य गोमूत्रे भावयेत्त्र्यहम् | <br />

एष सर्वर्तुको योगः स्निग्धानां मलदोषहृत् ||६०|| <br />

+

trivruttrayantihapushah satalam katurohinim ||59|| <br />

Line 788: Line 894:

svarnakshirim cha sanchurnya gomutre bhavayettryaham| <br />

esha sarvartuko yogah snigdhanam maladoshahrut||60|| <br />

+

</div></div>

''Trivrita, Trayanti, Hapusha, Satala, Katurohini'' and ''Svaranakshiri'' are to be powdered well and soaked in cows urine continuously for a period of three days. This preparation is ideal for purgation during all seasons. It can easily expel out the stagnated morbid material from the bodies of persons, who are ''Snigdha'' (persons who underwent oleation therapy or persons who are naturally having sufficient quantity of fatty tissues in their body stores).[58½ - 60]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' suitable during any season ===

+

त्रिवृच्छ्यामा दुरालम्भा वत्सकं हस्तिपिप्पली |<br />

Line 798: Line 906:

सर्पिर्मांसरसोष्णाम्बुयुक्तं पाणितलं ततः | <br />

पिबेत् सुखतमं ह्येतद्रूक्षाणामपि शस्यते ||६२|| <br />

+

trivrcchyama duralambha vatsakam hastipippali | <br />

Line 810: Line 919:

sarpirmamsarasoshnambuyuktam panitalam tatah| <br />

pibet sukhatamam hyetadrukshanamapi shasyate||62|| <br />

+

</div></div>

''Trivrita'' (root having pink color), ''Shyama'' (root having black color), ''Duralambha, Vatsaka, Hastipippali, Nilini, Triphala, Musta'' and ''Katuka'' are to be finely powdered. This powder is to be taken in, along with ghee, meat-sour and hot water, in a dose of one ''Panitala'' (around 12 grams). This preparation causes purgation with ease and is indicated even to persons who are ''Ruksha'' (who didn’t undergo oleation therapy or who are ''Ruksha'' (who didn’t undergo oleation therapy or who do not possess sufficient quantity of fat stores in their body). [61-62]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of powder ===

+

त्र्यूषणं त्रिफला हिङ्गु कार्षिकं त्रिवृतापलम् |<br />

Line 820: Line 931:

तच्चूर्णं शर्करातुल्यं मद्येनाम्लेन वा पिबेत् | <br />

गुल्मपार्श्वार्तिनुत्सिद्धं जीर्णे चाद्याद्रसौदनम् ||६४|| <br />

+

tryushanam triphala hingu karshikam trivrutapalam | <br />

Line 832: Line 944:

tacchurnam sharkaratulyam madyenamlena va pibet| <br />

gulmaparshvartinutsiddham jirne chadyadrasaudanam||64||<br />

+

</div></div>

Each one ''karsha'' (around 12 grams) of ''Tryushana, Triphala'' and ''Hingu,'' one ''pala'' (around 48 grams) of ''Trivrita,'' half a ''karsha'' (around 6 grams) of ''sauvarchala'' salt and half a ''pala'' (around 24 grams) of ''Amlavetasa'' are to be powdered well and mixed with equal quantity of powdered sugar. This preparation, in the form of powder can be taken in along with alcohol or sour juices (of fruits). This preparation surely relieves pain originating from ''Gulma'' (a benign intestinal tumor) and ''Parshva'' (both the sides of the chest cavity). When the medicinal preparation is completely digested, the patient can be given a diet comprising of meat soup. [63-64]

=== Preparation of ''Trivrita'' in the form of ''Tarpana'' (With nourishing drink) ===

+

त्रिवृतां त्रिफलां दन्तीं सप्तलां व्योषसैन्धवम् |<br />

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तद्योज्यं तर्पणे यूषे पिशिते रागयुक्तिषु |६६| <br />

+

trivrutam triphalam dantim saptalam vyoshasaindhavam | <br />

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tadyojyam tarpane yushe pishite ragayuktishu|66| <br />

+

</div></div>

''Trivrita, Haritaki, Vibhitaki, Amalaki, Danti, Saptala, Shunthi, Pippali, Maricha'' and ''Saindhava'' are powdered well. This powder is to be soaked in the juice of ''Amalaki'' for seven days. This preparation can be used along with either ''Tarpana'' (nourishing) soothing drink or ''Yusha'' (pulse-soup) or ''pishita'' (meat or meat-soup) or any other drinks like ''raga'' (a drink mixed with sweet, sour and pungent tastes).[65- 65½]

=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' in the form of medicated ghee and milk ===

+

तुल्याम्लं त्रिवृताकल्कसिद्धं गुल्महरं घृतम् ||६६||<br />

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श्यामात्रिवृत्कषायेण सिद्धं सर्पिः पिबेत्तथा | <br />

साधितं वा पयस्ताभ्यां सुखं तेन विरिच्यते ||६८|| <br />

+

tulyamlam trivrutakalkasiddham gulmaharam ghrutam ||66|| <br />

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shyamatrivrutkashayena siddham sarpih pibettatha| <br />

sadhitam va payastabhyam sukham tena virichyate||68|| <br />

+

</div></div>

Equal quantity of sour juice and ghee are to be boiled along with the paste of ''Trivrita''. This medicated ghee relieves ''Gulma'' (abdominal lumps).

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=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' in the form of alcoholic beverages ===

+

त्रिवृन्मुष्टींस्तु सनखानष्टौ द्रोणेऽम्भसः पचेत् |<br />

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ग्रहणीपाण्डुरोगघ्नं गुल्मश्वयथुनाशनम् | <br />

सुरां वा त्रिवृतायोगकिण्वां तत्क्वाथसंयुताम् ||७१|| <br />

+

trivrnmushtimstu sanakhanashtau droneambhasah pachet | <br />

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grahanipandurogaghnam gulmashvayathunashanam | <br />

suram va trivrutayogakinvam tatkvathasamyutam ||71|| <br />

+

</div></div>

Eight fist-full of ''Trivrita'' root is to be boiled in one ''drona'' of water till one fourth of the water remains. Then the decoction is filtered out and mixed with one ''tula'' of jaggery, honey and powders of ''Pippali'' seeds of / ''Madana phala'' and ''Chitraka''. Then the entire liquid is poured into an earthen vessel, whose inner side is thoroughly coated with ghee initially followed by a second coat with the powders of ''Pippali, Madana bija'' and ''Chitraka'', grinded with honey. The vessel is to be covered and left over for one month. When fermented well, this can be taken in, in appropriate dosage, which cures dysentery (''Grahani''), anaemia (''Pandu''), abdominal lumps (''Gulma''), and edema (''Shvayathu'').

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=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' in the form of ''Kanjika'' (fermented gruels) ===

+

यवैः श्यामात्रिवृत्क्वाथस्विन्नैः कुल्माषमम्भसा |<br />

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भृष्टान् वा सतुषाञ्छुद्धान् यवांस्तच्चूर्णसंयुतान् | <br />

आसुतानम्भसा तद्वत् पिबेज्जातं तुषोदकम् ||७३|| <br />

+

yavaihi shyamatrivrutkvathasvinnaihi kulmashamambhasa | <br />

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bhrushtan va satushaachuddhan yavamstacchurnasamyutan| <br />

asutanambhasa tadvat pibejjatam tushodakam||73|| <br />

+

</div></div>

Dehusked barley is to be steam boiled with the decoction of ''Shyama'' (the variety of ''Trivrita'' having black roots) and ''Trivrita'' (the variety of ''Trivrita'' having pink roots). This steam boiled barley (''Kulmasha'') is to be mixed with water, (kept in a pot) and allowed to ferment for six days covered by a heap of grains (''Palla''). The ''Sauviraka'' (fermented liquid) prepared can be taken in (for the purpose of purgation).

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=== Preparations of ''Trivrita'' in the form of ''Badara'' etc. ===

+

तथा मदनकल्पोक्तान् षाडवादीन् पृथग्दश |<br />

त्रिवृच्चूर्णेन संयोज्य विरेकार्थं प्रयोजयेत् ||७४|| <br />

+

tatha madanakalpoktan shadavadin prthagdasha | <br />

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tatha madanakalpoktan shadavadin pruthagdasha| <br />

trivrucchurnena samyojya virekartham prayojayet||74|| <br />

+

</div></div>

As described in [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]] verse 26, ten such preparations in different forms like ''Shadava'' etc. using the powder of ''Trivrita'' can be made and used for purgation.[74]

=== Methods of making the drug more palatable ===

+

भवतश्चात्र-<br />

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शीताम्बुना पीतवतश्च तस्य सिञ्चेन्मुखं छर्दिविघातहेतोः | <br />

हृद्यांश्च मृत्पुष्पफलप्रवालानम्लं च दद्यादुपजिघ्रणार्थम् ||७६|| <br />

+

bhavatashchatra- <br />

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shitambuna pitavatashcha tasya sinchenmukham chardivighatahetoh | <br />

hrudyamshcha mrutpushpaphalapravalanamlam cha dadyadupajighranartham ||76|| <br />

+

</div></div>

Thus, it is said,

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=== Summary of the chapter ===

+

तत्र श्लोकाः- <br />

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श्यामायास्त्रिवृतायाश्च कल्पेऽस्मिन् समुदाहृतम् | <br />

शतं दशोत्तरं सिद्धं योगानां परमर्षिणा ||८०|| <br />

+

tatra shlokah- <br />

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shyamayastrivrutayashcha kalpeasmin samudahrutam| <br />

shatam dashottaram siddham yoganam paramarshina||80|| <br />

+

</div></div>

To sum up,

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Colophon:

+

इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृतेऽप्राप्ते

दृढबलसम्पूरिते कल्पस्थाने श्यामात्रिवृत्कल्पो नाम सप्तमोऽध्यायः ||७||

+

ityagniveshakrte tantre charakapratisamskruteaprapte

drudhabalasampurite kalpasthane shyamatrivrutkalpo nama saptamoadhyayah ||7||

+

</div></div>

Thus ends the seventh chapter titled “The pharmaceutical preparations of ''Shyama Trivrita''” in the section named [[Kalpa Sthana]] of the work of Agnivesha, as redacted by Charaka and supplemented by Dridhabala.

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*''Trivrita'' is ''kashaya''(astringent), ''madhura''(sweet) ''rasa, katu''(pungent), ''vipaka''(product after digestion), and ''ruksha''(dry) properties. These properties do not support the purgative action, in spite of this ''Trivrita'' is best among purgative drug.

−

*It pacifies ''kapha'' and ''pitta'' and aggravates ''vata'' due to its ''ruksha''(dry) property.

+

*It pacifies [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] and aggravates [[vata]] due to its ''ruksha''(dry) property.

*Roots of ''Trivrita'' are used in pharmaceutical processing. These are of two types: black (''Shyama'') and the other having Blackish red. The latter are more useful between them.

−

*The blackish red root of ''Trivrita'' can be safely used as mild purgative in tender persons, children, old aged people and those with laxed bowel. The blackish variety is strong purgative and can cause untoward effects. It is used in more aggravation of ''dosha'' and hard bowel persons.

+

*The blackish red root of ''Trivrita'' can be safely used as mild purgative in tender persons, children, old aged people and those with laxed bowel. The blackish variety is strong purgative and can cause untoward effects. It is used in more aggravation of [[dosha]] and hard bowel persons.

−

*After combining with respective ''dosha'' pacifying drugs, ''Trivrita'' can be used in treatment of all diseases due to any ''dosha'' vitiation. It can also be used in all seasons in combination with various drugs.

+

*After combining with respective [[dosha]] pacifying drugs, ''Trivrita'' can be used in treatment of all diseases due to any [[dosha]] vitiation. It can also be used in all seasons in combination with various drugs.

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

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=== Properties ===

−

Some drugs have got inborn tendency to act in some pathological conditions. Similarly, ''Trivrita'' has the natural property to aggravate ''vata'' and pacify ''pitta'' and ''kapha''. But when prepared with ''vata'' pacifying drugs, it cures diseases caused by ''vata''. Similarly, when prepared with ''pitta'' and ''kapha'' pacifying drugs, it can be capable of curing diseases caused by ''pitta'', and ''kapha'' respectively. This property of modulating the pharmacological action depending upon the preparation is known as ''Samskarabhivartana; Ghuta'' or clarified butter is also said to possess the similar property.

+

Some drugs have got inborn tendency to act in some pathological conditions. Similarly, ''Trivrita'' has the natural property to aggravate [[vata]] and pacify [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]. But when prepared with [[vata]] pacifying drugs, it cures diseases caused by [[vata]]. Similarly, when prepared with [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] pacifying drugs, it can be capable of curing diseases caused by [[pitta]], and [[kapha]] respectively. This property of modulating the pharmacological action depending upon the preparation is known as ''Samskarabhivartana; Ghuta'' or clarified butter is also said to possess the similar property.

Pharmacological Properties of a drug are described in any context to gain full length knowledge about its therapeutic actions. But at times, there may not be exact concordance between these two. The Ayurvedic parameters like ''rasa, guna'', etc.; generally show or exhibit the same therapeutic actions, attributed to them. But some drugs that are strong emetics, purgatives and antitoxic, do not imbibe themselves to the theoretical parameters and exert their individualized action. So, ''Trivrita'' also can be considered as a drug with individualized action. (Verse 5-6)

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Administration of thin gruel, in the previous night is an exception to the general rule to the purgation process, as stated in Sutra 13:18. There, it is said that the person who is to be purgated is to be given a liquid diet along with meat-soup which is unctuous (''Snehavat'') and hot, continuously for three days. But when, purgation with ''trivrita'' is being done, this rule need not be followed and a single semi liquid diet in the previous night is sufficient. Anyhow, it is to be given when hot and is prepared with meat soup, adding ghee. The reason for this exception is that, ''trivrita'' is such a drug which can cause purgation with ease, causing less or little complications.

−

In total, 110 preparations of ''trivrita'' are described in this chapter, utilizing different vehicles and different forms that are suitable for each individual. Out of them nine preparations are counted here. Fermented liquids or urine of different animals are used. Though, the secondary purpose of liquid is to swallow the drug easily, the main purpose is to facilitate the action of the drug.i.e ''trivrita''. In general, the fermented liquids can expel out the hard ''feces'' (''bhedi''), palatable and control reversed peristalsis there by reducing the spasm generated during the administration of purgatives. The person suffers from less colicky pain by using them. The use of urine of different animals helps to pacify ''kapha'' and alleviate colicky pain. Thus, the use of vehicles, enhance the desired action of the main drug and reduce the undesired actions.

+

In total, 110 preparations of ''trivrita'' are described in this chapter, utilizing different vehicles and different forms that are suitable for each individual. Out of them nine preparations are counted here. Fermented liquids or urine of different animals are used. Though, the secondary purpose of liquid is to swallow the drug easily, the main purpose is to facilitate the action of the drug.i.e ''trivrita''. In general, the fermented liquids can expel out the hard ''feces'' (''bhedi''), palatable and control reversed peristalsis there by reducing the spasm generated during the administration of purgatives. The person suffers from less colicky pain by using them. The use of urine of different animals helps to pacify [[kapha]] and alleviate colicky pain. Thus, the use of vehicles, enhance the desired action of the main drug and reduce the undesired actions.

=== Twelve preparations ===

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=== Yashtimadhu combination ===

−

One preparation, along with ''yashtimadhu'' is described. In the index at the end of this chapter, two preparations, using the same drug are enlisted. The other one is narrated in the verse no. 19. This preparation is very much palatable and is specifically useful for those persons having ''pitta'' type of constitution who are suffering from symptoms like throat burn.

+

One preparation, along with ''yashtimadhu'' is described. In the index at the end of this chapter, two preparations, using the same drug are enlisted. The other one is narrated in the verse no. 19. This preparation is very much palatable and is specifically useful for those persons having [[pitta]] type of constitution who are suffering from symptoms like throat burn.

=== Fourteen preparations ===

−

Fourteen preparations using ''trivrita'' along with fourteen different drugs like ''jivaka'' are narrated. Additionally, one more preparation, using ''yashtimadhu'' is also described. These preparations are very much palatable as most of the drugs are sweet in taste. Though, some of them are bitter, their ''vipaka'' or post digestive effect is sweet. So, apart from causing purgation, they relieve many diseases caused by ''vata'' and ''pitta'' and act as rejuvenatives (''rasayana'') as well.

+

Fourteen preparations using ''trivrita'' along with fourteen different drugs like ''jivaka'' are narrated. Additionally, one more preparation, using ''yashtimadhu'' is also described. These preparations are very much palatable as most of the drugs are sweet in taste. Though, some of them are bitter, their ''vipaka'' or post digestive effect is sweet. So, apart from causing purgation, they relieve many diseases caused by [[vata]] and [[pitta]] and act as rejuvenatives ([[rasayana]]) as well.

=== Seven preparations ===

−

Total number of seven preparations, of ''trivrita'' are prescribed, using seven different ingredients. Many of them are having sweet taste and are able to control ''vata'' potentially. Milk and meat soup are highly palatable and can be given to individuals with their choice. The third one is sugar cane juice, accepted by all and is an addition to the laxative action. The next three recipes are fruit juices and have got pure sweet taste with mild laxative action. The seventh one is ghee which alleviates ''vata'' and reduces the drastic action of any purgative drug. ''Haritaki'' is added half the quantity to the main drug to enhance the purgative action of ''trivrita'' very safely and in a sustained manner.

+

Total number of seven preparations, of ''trivrita'' are prescribed, using seven different ingredients. Many of them are having sweet taste and are able to control [[vata]] potentially. Milk and meat soup are highly palatable and can be given to individuals with their choice. The third one is sugar cane juice, accepted by all and is an addition to the laxative action. The next three recipes are fruit juices and have got pure sweet taste with mild laxative action. The seventh one is ghee which alleviates [[vata]] and reduces the drastic action of any purgative drug. ''Haritaki'' is added half the quantity to the main drug to enhance the purgative action of ''trivrita'' very safely and in a sustained manner.

=== Avaleha (linctus) ===

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This preparation (Verse 23 ½ - 25) is intended for rich people and whose physique is tender. As they usually consume high fat diet regularly, they need not undergo oleation therapy as a prerequisite to purgation. This linctus can cause purgation even in them, with ease.

−

Though, the quantity of ''trivrita'' to be added is not mentioned here, as a common rule, one-fourth quantity to the liquids may be added. The fruit juices in general and juices of grapes and ''pilu'' specifically cause mild laxation and expel out the stagnated ''pitta dosha'' from the body effectively. The honey that is heated also can act as a ''pitta'' aggravating factor to mobilize it from the existing place and move it out. Similar preparation is found also in Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya. (Verse 26-27)

+

Though, the quantity of ''trivrita'' to be added is not mentioned here, as a common rule, one-fourth quantity to the liquids may be added. The fruit juices in general and juices of grapes and ''pilu'' specifically cause mild laxation and expel out the stagnated [[pitta]] [[dosha]] from the body effectively. The honey that is heated also can act as a [[pitta]] aggravating factor to mobilize it from the existing place and move it out. Similar preparation is found also in Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya. (Verse 26-27)

These preparations (Verse 28) are made in the similar process as that of linctus. For making these preparations, sugarcane juice etc; as described in the verses 26-27 are to be utilized accordingly.

−

In this preparation (Verse 29), both the varieties of ''trivrita'' roots are used for their synergistic action. Though, the propositions are not mentioned, they can be taken in equal quantity. The other drugs are also able to check the status of ''kapha'' and help to expel out the stagnated ''kapha'' from the body. ''Kshara'' mentioned here is an alkali preparation that is prepared synthetically, using grasses and herbs.

+

In this preparation (Verse 29), both the varieties of ''trivrita'' roots are used for their synergistic action. Though, the propositions are not mentioned, they can be taken in equal quantity. The other drugs are also able to check the status of [[kapha]] and help to expel out the stagnated [[kapha]] from the body. ''Kshara'' mentioned here is an alkali preparation that is prepared synthetically, using grasses and herbs.

This preparation (Verse 30-32) can be made as per the method mentioned in verses 26-27. Quantity of the ingredients individually is not mentioned here. But for all practical purposes, the juice of ''Matulunga'', etc; are to be taken in the quantity of one ''kudava'' each. This is as per the suggestions made by Chakrapani.

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This (Verse 36) is one of the five preparations of ''trivrita'' in the form of ''modaka''. The taste of this is good and causes less hazardous effects on the body while curing the disease proper.

−

This (Verse 37-39) is the eighth and the last one of the preparations in the form of linctus. Measurement of ''modaka'' used here is one ''shana'' which measures approximately 3.0 grams. Because this contains many drugs which pacify ''kapha'', the preparation is indicated in upper abdominal diseases including bronchitis. Though it is said that no restrictions of any type are required here, they are to be followed cautiously and judiciously so that unexpected complications do not arise.

+

This (Verse 37-39) is the eighth and the last one of the preparations in the form of linctus. Measurement of ''modaka'' used here is one ''shana'' which measures approximately 3.0 grams. Because this contains many drugs which pacify [[kapha]], the preparation is indicated in upper abdominal diseases including bronchitis. Though it is said that no restrictions of any type are required here, they are to be followed cautiously and judiciously so that unexpected complications do not arise.

=== Kalyanaka guda ===

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This (Verse 49½ - 50½) is the fourth formulation of ''trivrita'' in the form of ''modaka''. Here, Charaka has used the word ''urubuka'' (castor plant) but did not mention the part of the plant to be used. Ancient commentators on any of the verse too did not give their opinion. Some modern commentators advised to take powdered seed which does not appear to be correct since the powder is highly toxic and can kill a person in that dose. Hence, it is ideal to use the root bark of castor plant which is not toxic but causes purgation without causing intestinal spasm.

−

The fifth type of trivrita formulation (Verse 50½ -55) in the form of modaka is prepared by dividing it into two parts - while the first one is preparation of large sized pills, the second part consists of application of medicated powders over it to make it more effective and palatable. There is a debate regarding the part of ''dadima'' to be used for preparations. In the similar compound, as mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya, the preparation of ''modaka'' and its ingredients are to certain extent similar but the rolling (''veshtana'') process is not present. The seed powder of ''dadima'' is not effective therapeutically when dried and hence, the powder of the stem bark, which has got many potent actions against the diseases of colon that, can be used. Due to the addition of drugs like ''vacha, chitraka'' and ''tumburu'', diseases due to ''kapha'' are definitely alleviated.

+

The fifth type of trivrita formulation (Verse 50½ -55) in the form of modaka is prepared by dividing it into two parts - while the first one is preparation of large sized pills, the second part consists of application of medicated powders over it to make it more effective and palatable. There is a debate regarding the part of ''dadima'' to be used for preparations. In the similar compound, as mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya, the preparation of ''modaka'' and its ingredients are to certain extent similar but the rolling (''veshtana'') process is not present. The seed powder of ''dadima'' is not effective therapeutically when dried and hence, the powder of the stem bark, which has got many potent actions against the diseases of colon that, can be used. Due to the addition of drugs like ''vacha, chitraka'' and ''tumburu'', diseases due to [[kapha]] are definitely alleviated.

=== Importance of Trivrita ===

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To make this drug more safe and more effective surpassing these climatic changes, Charaka has given four different preparations, useful for four seasons - summer, rainy/monsoon, autumn and winter. Apart from these four, he has also formulated two preparations that are useful for all seasons. Though it is stated that, for a healthy person, purgation therapy is to be employed in post rainy season, it has to be administered as and when an emergency state occurs in any season. There, this preparation helps a physician and the patient to cope up with the situation safely. In rainy season, there is a dominance of ''vata'' and the addition of ''shunthi'', honey and grape juice help to overcome this problem.

−

In this purgative preparation (Verse 57) that is useful in post rainy season, two drugs of plant origin appear to be confusing. They are ''duralabha'' and ''udichya''. ''Duralabha'' can be better equated with Fagonia cretica Linn. As some sweet resionous substance is prepared from this plant and marketed which pacifies Pitta. So the other plant ''udichya'' can be equated with some Valeriana sp. which acts against ''pitta''.

+

In this purgative preparation (Verse 57) that is useful in post rainy season, two drugs of plant origin appear to be confusing. They are ''duralabha'' and ''udichya''. ''Duralabha'' can be better equated with Fagonia cretica Linn. As some sweet resionous substance is prepared from this plant and marketed which pacifies [[Pitta]]. So the other plant ''udichya'' can be equated with some Valeriana sp. which acts against [[pitta]].

The word ''drakshambu'' is different from the juice of grapes. Grape juice is a direct extraction of the fruits through compression. But for grape water, dry grapes are to be soaked in water over night, thoroughly squeezed and filtered. The difference between them is that the first one is more concentrated and the latter is more diluted.

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=== Contraindication of purgation therapy and seasons affecting its efficacy ===

−

Purgation therapy is not indicated during winter season due to the likely development of intestinal spasm because of the cold wave. Even then, in case of emergency or in a particular disease where ''kapha'' is causing problem or obstructing the lower parts of the colon, this purgation therapy is indicated. The powders mixed together can be ground well with hot water, so that the actual compound acts upon the system with ease.

+

Purgation therapy is not indicated during winter season due to the likely development of intestinal spasm because of the cold wave. Even then, in case of emergency or in a particular disease where [[kapha]] is causing problem or obstructing the lower parts of the colon, this purgation therapy is indicated. The powders mixed together can be ground well with hot water, so that the actual compound acts upon the system with ease.

−

During hot summer, purgation therapy is not at all advised due to the fear of developing dehydration or electrolyte imbalance. Even during that season, if need arises, ''trivrita'' can be utilized without any complication. To avoid any unexpected problem Charaka suggested using it with sugar which can prevent gastritis due to ''pitta''.

+

During hot summer, purgation therapy is not at all advised due to the fear of developing dehydration or electrolyte imbalance. Even during that season, if need arises, ''trivrita'' can be utilized without any complication. To avoid any unexpected problem Charaka suggested using it with sugar which can prevent gastritis due to [[pitta]].

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#Chunnekar, KC, Hota SP. Plants of Bhavaprakasha, Pub. National academy of [[Ayurveda]], New Delhi, 1999.

</div>

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