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{{#seo:

{{#seo:

|title=Pushpitakam Indriyam Adhyaya

|title=Pushpitakam Indriyam Adhyaya

|keywords=fatal signs, pushpita, body odour, sense of taste, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|keywords=fatal signs, pushpita, body odour, sense of taste, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 2.Fatal signs of Tactile and Olfactory perception

|description=Indriya Sthana Chapter 2.Fatal signs of Tactile and Olfactory perception

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=charak samhita

|image_alt=charak samhita

|type=article

|type=article

}}

}}

'''<big>[[Indriya Sthana]] Chapter 2.Fatal signs of Tactile and Olfactory perception</big>'''

'''<big>[[Indriya Sthana]] Chapter 2.Fatal signs of Tactile and Olfactory perception</big>'''

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label7 = Reviewer  

|label7 = Reviewer  

|data7  = Babu S.

|data7  = Babu S.

|label8 = Editor

|label8 = Editors

|data8  = Khandel S.K., Babu S.P.

|data8  = Khandel S.K., Babu S.P., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label9 = Date of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 = December 17, 2018

|data9 = 2020

|label10 = DOI

|label10 = Publisher

|data10  = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.003 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.003]

|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.003 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s05.003]

}}

}}

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>  

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>  

<div style="text-align:justify;">  

<p style="text-align:justify;">This chapter sums up the variations in the sense of taste of the body and smell  of the individual which indicate imminent death of the person ([[Arishta]] [[Lakshana]]). Variations in the smell of body  and the altered taste sense of a person may reveal the  disease processes in that patient. </p>

This chapter sums up the variations in the sense of taste of the body and smell  of the individual which indicate imminent death of the person ([[Arishta]] [[Lakshana]]). Variations in the smell of body  and the altered taste sense of a person may reveal the  disease processes in that patient.

'''Keywords''': fatal signs, ''pushpita'', body odour, sense of taste.

'''Keywords''': fatal signs, ''pushpita'', body odour, sense of taste.

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

While describing the qualities of an ideal ''bhishaja'' (physician) it has been stated that he should be friendly, and compassionate to the patients, should have devotion and love for treating the curable diseases and should not treat the untreatable ones. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]]9/26]  During the Samhita period, many diseases were incurable because of lack of treatments available at that time. Now, large number of diseases can be controlled and gives longer productive life to patients by providing emergency and intensive  care treatments. That is why during that time it was important to determine the prognosis in terms of curability or incurability of diseases. Physicians did not treat incurable patients especially terminally ill patients. A set of symptoms and signs of terminally ill patients was identified called ''Arishta lakshanas''. With the rising high cost of healthcare especially the end of life care, knowledge and recognition of these signs and symptoms have become more relevant during the current times.  

While describing the qualities of an ideal ''bhishaja'' (physician) it has been stated that he should be friendly, and compassionate to the patients, should have devotion and love for treating the curable diseases and should not treat the untreatable ones. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]]9/26]  During the Samhita period, many diseases were incurable because of lack of treatments available at that time. Now, large number of diseases can be controlled and gives longer productive life to patients by providing emergency and intensive  care treatments. That is why during that time it was important to determine the prognosis in terms of curability or incurability of diseases. Physicians did not treat incurable patients especially terminally ill patients. A set of symptoms and signs of terminally ill patients was identified called ''[[Arishta]] lakshanas''. With the rising high cost of healthcare especially the end of life care, knowledge and recognition of these signs and symptoms have become more relevant during the current times.  

After describing fatal signs regarding complexion and voice, diagnosed by visual and auditory senses respectively, the present chapter describes signs to be examined by gustatory and olfactory senses.

After describing fatal signs regarding complexion and voice, diagnosed by visual and auditory senses respectively, the present chapter describes signs to be examined by gustatory and olfactory senses.

== Tattva Vimarsha(Fundamental Principles) ==

== Tattva Vimarsha(Fundamental Principles) ==

*Death doesn’t occur without showing ''Arishta'' (fatal signs). One shall always be free from ''Prajnaparadha'' (intellectual errors) to identify and diagnose these signs correctly. [5-6]

*Death doesn’t occur without showing ''Arishta'' (fatal signs). One shall always be free from ''[[Prajnaparadha]]'' (intellectual errors) to identify and diagnose these signs correctly. [5-6]

*''Arishta'' related to ''Gandha - Pitta'' is primarily responsible factor for all odors as it has ''visra gandha''. When ''pitta'' reaches the ''twak'' or skin and exerts its ''visra gandha'' by ''bhrajaka pitta'', it’s  odor is of sweat and sebum ???. In this way we can derive the cause and effect. All these verses describe how the various smells (both good as well as bad odors) emitted by the body of an individual without any appreciable causes denote the impending death of the person within a year.  

*''Arishta'' related to ''Gandha - [[Pitta]]'' is primarily responsible factor for all odors as it has ''visra gandha''. When ''[[pitta]]'' reaches the ''twak'' or skin and exerts its ''visra gandha'' by ''bhrajaka pitta'', it’s  odor is of sweat and sebum ???. In this way we can derive the cause and effect. All these verses describe how the various smells (both good as well as bad odors) emitted by the body of an individual without any appreciable causes denote the impending death of the person within a year.  

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==

'''Acknowledgement:''' The contributors acknowledge support of Dr. M. Prasad and Dr.G.Kshama for providing tables from their published article referred in this chapter.

'''Acknowledgement:''' The contributors acknowledge support of Dr. M. Prasad and Dr.G.Kshama for providing tables from their published article referred in this chapter.

==References==

==References==