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|title=Nidra

|title=Nidra

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|description=sleep. Synonyms: Swapna

|description= Nidra (sleep) is essential for health

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<p style="text-align:justify;">The term ‘Nidra’ means sleep (SAT-J.3).<ref>Available from  http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat</ref> It is a natural physiological process that occurs in all living beings usually during the nights. It is essential for resting the body and mind after the day-long exertion. Sleep (nidra) is equally essential like food (ahara) and following the path of ultimate reality (brahmacharya). These three are three sub-pillars of life. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/35]  

The term ‘Nidra’ means sleep (SAT-J.3)<ref>Available from  http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat</ref>. It is a natural physiological process that occurs in all living beings usually during the nights. It is essential for resting the body and mind after the day-long exertion. Sleep (nidra) is equally essential like food (ahara) and following the path of ultimate reality (brahmacharya). These three are three sub-pillars of life. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/35]  

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{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label1 = Section/Chapter

|label1 = Section/Chapter

|data1 = [[Sharira]] / Nidra

|data1 = [[Sharira]] / Nidra (sleep)

|label2 = Authors

|label2 = Authors

|data2 = Resmi B.G.¹ Anagha S.², Deole Y.S.²  

|data2 = Resmi B.G.¹, Anagha S.², Deole Y.S.²  

|label3 = Reviewed by  

|label3 = Reviewed by  

|label4 = Affiliations

|label4 = Affiliations

|data4 = ¹ Department of Kriya Sharira, Govt. Ayurveda College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. ² [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.P.G.T.& R.A., Jamnagar

|data4 = ¹ Department of Kriya Sharira, Govt. Ayurveda College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.  

 

² [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.P.G.T.& R.A., Jamnagar

|label5 = Correspondence email:

|label5 = Correspondence email:

|data5 = carakasamhita@gmail.com

|data5 = carakasamhita@gmail.com

|label6 = Date of first publication:

|label6 = Publisher

|data6 = June 25, 2021

|label7 = DOI

 

|data7 = In process

 

|label7 = Date of first publication:

|data7 = June 25, 2021

 

|label8 = DOI

|data8 = 10.47468/CSNE.2021.e01.s09.061

}}

}}

==Importance of sleep in the preservation of health==

==Importance of sleep in the preservation of health==

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==Physiology of sleep==  

==Physiology of sleep==  

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When the mind and body are tired, [[kapha]] [[dosha]] and inertia (tamas guna) are increased in the body. In this state, the sensory organs are unable to function. This state leads to sleep (nidra). [Cha. Sa. [[ Sutra Sthana]] 21/35] Inertia (tamas) is the prime factor responsible for sleep (nidra). [Su. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 4/34]

When the mind and body are tired, [[kapha]] [[dosha]] and inertia (tamas guna) are increased in the body. In this state, the sensory organs are unable to function. This state leads to sleep (nidra). [Cha. Sa. [[ Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 21/35] Inertia (tamas) is the prime factor responsible for sleep (nidra). [Su. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 4/34]

The interplay of two significant processes regulates the sleep-wake system.<ref>Gillette M, Abbott S. Sleep Research Society. SRS Basics of Sleep Guide. Westchester, IL: Sleep Research Society; 2005. Fundamentals of the circadian system; pp. 131–138.</ref>  

The interplay of two significant processes regulates the sleep-wake system.<ref>Gillette M, Abbott S. Sleep Research Society. SRS Basics of Sleep Guide. Westchester, IL: Sleep Research Society; 2005. Fundamentals of the circadian system; pp. 131–138.</ref>  

Process S is similar to the functions of [[kapha]] [[dosha]] and [[tamas]] [[guna]] that promotes sleep. Process C is similar to functions of [[vata]] [[dosha]] and [[rajo]] [[guna]] that promotes wakefulness.

Process S is similar to the functions of [[kapha]] [[dosha]] and [[tamas]] [[guna]] that promotes sleep. Process C is similar to functions of [[vata]] [[dosha]] and [[rajo]] [[guna]] that promotes wakefulness.

===Role of the mental constitution:===

===Role of the mental constitution===

The mental constitution of a person can influence natural sleep patterns variably.

The mental constitution of a person can influence natural sleep patterns variably.

===Dreams (swapna)===

===Dreams (swapna)===

The dreams are seen due to the association of the mind with [[rajo]] [[guna]]. It perceives both auspicious and inauspicious objects of senses based on previous experiences in the form of dreams. [Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 4/36-37]

The dreams are seen due to the association of the mind with [[rajas]] [[guna]]. It perceives both auspicious and inauspicious objects of senses based on previous experiences in the form of dreams. [Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 4/36-37]

   

   

When the mind continues to cognize, the sleeping person experiences different kinds of dreams. The sense organs are not receptive to their perceptions in this state. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 9/21]

When the mind continues to cognize, the sleeping person experiences different kinds of dreams. The sense organs are not receptive to their perceptions in this state. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 9/21]

Diseases of head, giddiness, disorientation, obstruction in body channels, hampered digestion, edema, nausea, nasal discharge, pain in one side of head, itching, pain and eruptions over skin, stupor, throat diseases, augmented activity of poisons are the untoward effects of improper and untimely sleep. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 9/30-33]  

Diseases of head, giddiness, disorientation, obstruction in body channels, hampered digestion, edema, nausea, nasal discharge, pain in one side of head, itching, pain and eruptions over skin, stupor, throat diseases, augmented activity of poisons are the untoward effects of improper and untimely sleep. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 9/30-33]  

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2) includes “excessive daytime sleepiness” (EDS) as an essential feature for three diagnostic categories: narcolepsy, hypersomnia and behaviourally induced insufficient sleep syndrome. It is also associated with various diseases, including psychiatric and neurological disorders, pulmonary and cardiac conditions.<ref>Slater G, Steier J. Excessive daytime sleepiness in sleep disorders. J Thorac Dis. 2012;4(6):608-616. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.10.07</ref>  

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2) includes “excessive daytime sleepiness” (EDS) as an essential feature for three diagnostic categories: narcolepsy, hypersomnia and behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome. It is also associated with various diseases, including psychiatric and neurological disorders, pulmonary and cardiac conditions.<ref>Slater G, Steier J. Excessive daytime sleepiness in sleep disorders. J Thorac Dis. 2012;4(6):608-616. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.10.07</ref>  

===Indications of day time sleep===

===Indications of day time sleep===

==Theses works ==

==Theses works ==

1) Nirmal Dhamini A (2004): Role Manasa Bhavas in Anidra and its management with certain indigenous drugs and Shiro-Dhara, Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.

1) Nirmal Dhamini A (2004): Role Manasa Bhavas in Anidra and its management with certain indigenous drugs and Shiro-Dhara, Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.

12) Parth K Barad(2017): Pharmacognostical-Clinical Study Of Ikshurak Mool Kwath On Anidra W.S.R. To Insomnia, Department of Dravyaguna, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.

12) Parth K Barad(2017): Pharmacognostical-Clinical Study Of Ikshurak Mool Kwath On Anidra W.S.R. To Insomnia, Department of Dravyaguna, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.

==References==

==References==