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{{#seo:

|title=Nidana Sthana

|title=Nidana Sthana

|type=article

|type=article

}}

}}

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|title = [[Charak Samhita]] Nidana Sthana-Preamble

|title = [[Charak Samhita]] Nidana Sthana-Preamble

|data4 = [[Sharira Sthana]],  [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]

|data4 = [[Sharira Sthana]],  [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]

|label5 = Author

|label5 = Author

|data5 = Deole Y. S.

|data5 = [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y. S.]]

|label6 = Reviewer  

|label6 = Reviewer  

|data6  = Basisht G.

|data6  = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label7 = Editor  

|label7 = Editor  

|data7  = Basisht G.

|data7  = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label8 = Year of publication  

|label8 = Year of publication  

|data8 = 2020

|data8 = 2020

'''<big>Preamble of Nidana Sthana (Section on Diagnosis)</big>'''

'''<big>Preamble of Nidana Sthana (Section on Diagnosis)</big>'''

 

<p style="text-align:justify;">The section Nidana Sthana deals with principles of diagnosis of diseases. The term Nidana is applied for knowing the origin of disease (vyadhijanaka) and comprehensive information of disease (vyadhibodhaka). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 1/1-2] </p>

The section Nidana Sthana deals with principles of diagnosis of diseases. The term Nidana is applied for knowing the origin of disease (vyadhijanaka) and comprehensive information of disease (vyadhibodhaka). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 1/1-2]

===Fundamental principles of diagnosis===

===Fundamental principles of diagnosis===

Before knowing disease, one needs to know the self-healing capacity of the human being. This depends upon equilibrium of five components of health, namely [[dosha]] (regulatory functional factors of body and mind) , [[agni]] (digestive and metabolic capacity), [[dhatu]] (body tissues), [[mala]] (metabolic waste products) and psycho-spiritual state. Health is a state of equilibrium, whereas disease is a state of dis-equilibrium of any of these factors.  

Before knowing disease, one needs to know the self-healing capacity of the human being. This depends upon equilibrium of five components of health, namely [[dosha]] (regulatory functional factors of body and mind) , [[agni]] (digestive and metabolic capacity), [[dhatu]] (body tissues), [[mala]] (metabolic waste products) and psycho-spiritual state. Health is a state of equilibrium, whereas disease is a state of dis-equilibrium of any of these factors.  

According to [[swabhavoparam vada]], the resolution / destruction of the existing always happens naturally in the course of time. So the nature itself heals disequilibrium.[[Chikitsaprabhritiya Adhyaya#Swabhavoparama vada (theory of natural destruction)[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]].16/27].This aspect of host defense mechanism is important to be assessed for knowing natural healing capacity of an individual. In the fourth chapter,[[Prameha Nidana]], [[Prameha Nidana#Process of Onset of Disease|the process of onset of disease]] through interaction between aggravating and pacifying factors is described [[Prameha Nidana#Process of Onset of Disease|[Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]]4/4]. If the host defense factors are stronger than aggravating ones, then the disease will not occur and vice versa. Therefore, before making a diagnosis of a disease, [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana#Examination of patient|examination of patient]] is important with emphasis on his [[prakriti]] (basic constitution), [[sara]] (quality of tissues) etc described in context of [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana#Examination of patient|ten fold examination of the patient[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/94-131]. Every person has a unique constitution and hence the same biological investigations cannot be precise to assess his health status completely. Personalized assessment is important to diagnose normal and abnormal state of the individual.

According to [[swabhavoparam vada]], the resolution / destruction of the existing always happens naturally in the course of time. So the nature itself heals disequilibrium.[[Chikitsaprabhritiya Adhyaya#Swabhavoparama vada (theory of natural destruction)[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]].16/27].This aspect of host defense mechanism is important to be assessed for knowing natural healing capacity of an individual. In the fourth chapter,[[Prameha Nidana]], [[Prameha Nidana#Process of Onset of Disease|the process of onset of disease]] through interaction between aggravating and pacifying factors is described [[Prameha Nidana#Process of Onset of Disease|[Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 4/4]. If the host defense factors are stronger than aggravating ones, then the disease will not occur and vice versa. Therefore, before making a diagnosis of a disease, [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana#Examination of patient|examination of patient]] is important with emphasis on his [[prakriti]] (basic constitution), [[sara]] (quality of tissues) etc described in context of [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana#Examination of patient|ten fold examination of the patient[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/94-131]. Every person has a unique constitution and hence the same biological investigations cannot be precise to assess his health status completely. Personalized assessment is important to diagnose normal and abnormal state of the individual.

===Knowledge of disease===

===Knowledge of disease===

After thorough examination of an individual, one shall evaluate the disease. The second part of diagnostic protocol provides comprehensive knowledge of disease. This includes the methods to elucidate causative factors ([[hetu]]), observe premonitory signs and symptoms ([[purvarupa]]), clinical features[[rupa]], pathogenesis ([[samprapti]]), and pacifying factors ([[upashaya]]). The set of these five diagnostic tools is called as 'Nidana Panchaka'. This is described and applied in clinical practice to know each disequilibrium condition.   

After thorough examination of an individual, one shall evaluate the disease. The second part of diagnostic protocol provides comprehensive knowledge of disease. This includes the methods to elucidate causative factors ([[hetu]]), observe premonitory signs and symptoms ([[purvarupa]]), clinical features ([[rupa]]), pathogenesis ([[samprapti]]), and pacifying factors ([[upashaya]]). The set of these five diagnostic tools is called as 'Nidana Panchaka'. This is described and applied in clinical practice to know each disequilibrium condition.   

The phenomena of a disease causing another disease is described as [[Nidanarthakara roga]]. [[Upadrava]] (complications), [[Udarka]] (marks of disease after it is cured) are applied for knowing the cause-effect relationship in pathogenesis of disease.

The phenomena of a disease causing another disease is described as [[Nidanarthakara roga]]. [[Upadrava]] (complications), [[Udarka]] (marks of disease after it is cured) are applied for knowing the cause-effect relationship in pathogenesis of disease.

* The third chapter, [[Gulma Nidana]], deals with [[mamsa]] [[dhatu]](muscle tissue) predominantly. This chapter describes diagnosis of lumps in abdomen, tumors.

* The third chapter, [[Gulma Nidana]], deals with [[mamsa]] [[dhatu]](muscle tissue) predominantly. This chapter describes diagnosis of lumps in abdomen, tumors.

   

   

* The fourth chapter, [[Prameha Nidana]], involves [[meda]] [[dhatu]] (tissue fat) predominantly. This chapter describes the diagnosis of disorders of lipid metabolism, obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes.  

* The fourth chapter, [[Prameha Nidana]], involves [[Meda dhatu|meda]] [[dhatu]] (tissue fat) predominantly. This chapter describes the diagnosis of disorders of lipid metabolism, obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes.

   

   

* The fifth chapter, [[Kushtha Nidana]], involves seven [[dushyas]] (vitiated factors). This chapter deals with diagnosis of skin disorders.

* The fifth chapter, [[Kushtha Nidana]], involves seven [[dushya]] (vitiated factors). This chapter deals with diagnosis of skin disorders.

   

   

* The sixth chapter, [[Shosha Nidana]], deals with the pathology of emaciation. This chapter describes diagnosis of degenerative disorders that involve depletion of body tissues.

* The sixth chapter, [[Shosha Nidana]], deals with the pathology of emaciation. This chapter describes diagnosis of degenerative disorders that involve depletion of body tissues.

* Its pathogenesis  

* Its pathogenesis  

* Origin or site of lesion and location of presentation   

* Origin or site of lesion and location of presentation   

* Etiological factors.    [[Trishothiya Adhyaya#Identification of new diseases|(Cha.Su. 18/44-47)]]

* Etiological factors.    [[Sutra Sthana|[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 18/44-47]]]

===Importance of studying Nidana section ===

===Importance of studying Nidana section ===

* [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana]]

* [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana]]

Moreover each chapter of [[Chikitsa sthana]] describes the five assessment tools (nidana panchaka) of respective diseases.

Moreover each chapter of [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa sthana]] describes the five assessment tools (nidana panchaka) of respective diseases.

=== All Abstracts ===

=== All Abstracts ===

The new learners of Nidana sthana can read all abstracts of chapters of this section on the [[Abstracts- Nidana Sthana]] page.

The new learners of Nidana sthana can read all abstracts of chapters of this section on the [[Abstracts- Nidana Sthana]] page.

==References==   

==References==   

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