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Line 43: − + − − Complete cure in curable diseases and management of palliable diseases can only be achieved after [[Nidana Parivarjana]] (removing the cause). If the cause is removed, then half the treatment is done. This stops progression of disease as well as helps the host to return to the normal state. The current healthcare system focus more on disease management after its complete manifestation; while [[Ayurveda]] emphasizes on identification of abnormality at an early stage, to prevent its further progression. The journey of a disease from the initial stage of accumulation of vitiating factors to complete manifestation of its symptoms shall be studied well for its complete knowledge. Line 60:
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→Knowledge of disease
The section Nidana Sthana deals with principles of diagnosis of diseases.
The section Nidana Sthana deals with principles of diagnosis of diseases. The term Nidana is applied for knowing the origin of disease (vyadhijanaka) and comprehensive information of disease (vyadhibodhaka). <ref> Chakrapani commentary on [[Jwara Nidana]] Cha.Ni.1/2</ref>
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|label4 = All Sections
|label4 = All Sections
|data4 = [[Sutra Sthana]],[[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|data4 = [[Sutra Sthana]],[[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|label4 = Total number of verses
|data4 = 247
|header5 = Chapters
|header5 = Chapters
}}
}}
== Preamble of [[Nidana Sthana]] (Section on Diagnosis) ==
== Preamble of Nidana Sthana (Section on Diagnosis) ==
===Fundamental principles of diagnosis===
===Fundamental principles of diagnosis===
===Important aspects of knowledge of disease===
===Important aspects of knowledge of disease===
[[File:Aspects of Nidana Sthana .jpg|400px|Image 1:Aspects of Nidana Section]]
[[File:Aspects of Nidana Sthana .jpg|400px|'''Image 1:Aspects of Nidana Section'''|thumb]]
'''Image 1: Aspects of Nidana Section'''
Nidana section studies diagnostic principles in view of two important aspects like knowledge of roga (disease) and rugna (patient). It always considers interaction between the individual and the affecting pathological entities. It also considers the prognosis and inter-relation of different diseases or co-morbid conditions.
Nidana section studies diagnostic principles in view of two important aspects like knowledge of roga (disease) and rugna (patient). It always considers interaction between the individual and the affecting pathological entities. It also considers the prognosis and inter-relation of different diseases or co-morbid conditions.[Image 1: Aspects of Nidana Section]
===Knowledge of the individual===
===Knowledge of the individual===
===Knowledge of disease===
===Knowledge of disease===
After thorough examination of an individual, one shall evaluate the disease. The second part of diagnostic protocol provides comprehensive knowledge of disease. This includes the methods to elucidate causative factors[[hetu]], observe premonitory signs and symptoms[[purvarupa]], clinical features[[rupa]], pathogenesis [[samprapti]], and pacifying factors [[upashaya]]. The set of these five diagnostic tools is called as 'Nidana Panchaka'. This is described and applied in clinical practice to know each disequilibrium condition.
After thorough examination of an individual, one shall evaluate the disease. The second part of diagnostic protocol provides comprehensive knowledge of disease. This includes the methods to elucidate causative factors ([[hetu]]), observe premonitory signs and symptoms ([[purvarupa]]), clinical features[[rupa]], pathogenesis ([[samprapti]]), and pacifying factors ([[upashaya]]). The set of these five diagnostic tools is called as 'Nidana Panchaka'. This is described and applied in clinical practice to know each disequilibrium condition.
The phenomena of a disease causing another disease is described as [[Nidanarthakara roga]]. [[Upadrava]] (complications), [[Udarka]] (marks of disease after it is cured) are applied for knowing the cause-effect relationship in pathogenesis of disease.
The phenomena of a disease causing another disease is described as [[Nidanarthakara roga]]. [[Upadrava]] (complications), [[Udarka]] (marks of disease after it is cured) are applied for knowing the cause-effect relationship in pathogenesis of disease.
* The third chapter, [[Gulma Nidana]], deals with [[mamsa]] [[dhatu]](muscle tissue) predominantly. This chapter describes diagnosis of lumps in abdomen, tumors.
* The third chapter, [[Gulma Nidana]], deals with [[mamsa]] [[dhatu]](muscle tissue) predominantly. This chapter describes diagnosis of lumps in abdomen, tumors.
* The fourth chapter, [[Prameha Nidana]], involves [[meda]] [[dhatu]] (tissue fat) predominantly. This chapter describes the diagnosis of disorders of lipid metabolism and diabetes.
* The fourth chapter, [[Prameha Nidana]], involves [[meda]] [[dhatu]] (tissue fat) predominantly. This chapter describes the diagnosis of disorders of lipid metabolism, obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes.
* The fifth chapter, [[Kushtha Nidana]], involves seven [[dushyas]] (vitiated factors). This chapter deals with diagnosis of skin disorders.
* The fifth chapter, [[Kushtha Nidana]], involves seven [[dushyas]] (vitiated factors). This chapter deals with diagnosis of skin disorders.
* The eighth chapter, [[Apasmara Nidana]] deals with epilepsy and seizure disorders.
* The eighth chapter, [[Apasmara Nidana]] deals with epilepsy and seizure disorders.
These eight chapters represent major pathogenesis of diseases described in details in this section. The eight chapters of this section represent variety of pathogenic process related with vitiated [[dosha]] acting upon various [[dhatu]] to cause disease.
These eight chapters represent pathogenesis of major diseases described in details in this section. Each chapter directs towards variety of pathogenic processes related interaction of vitiated [[dosha]] with [[dhatu]] to cause disease.
===Guidelines to diagnose [[anukta vyadhi]] (new or untold diseases in text)===
===Guidelines to diagnose [[anukta vyadhi]] (new or untold diseases in text)===
* Its pathogenesis
* Its pathogenesis
* Origin or site of lesion and location of presentation
* Origin or site of lesion and location of presentation
* Etiological factors.
* Etiological factors. [[Trishothiya Adhyaya#Identification of new diseases|(Cha.Su. 18/44-47)]]
[[Trishothiya Adhyaya#Identification of new diseases|(Cha.Su. 18/44-47)]]
===Importance of studying Nidana section ===
* It is highly important to know the fundamental cause of any disease. Complete cure in curable diseases and management of palliable diseases can only be achieved after [[Nidana Parivarjana]] (removing the cause). If the cause is removed, then half the treatment is done. This stops progression of disease as well as helps the host to return to the normal state. The current healthcare system focus more on disease management after its complete manifestation; while [[Ayurveda]] emphasizes on identification of abnormality at an early stage, to prevent its further progression.
* The journey of a disease from the initial stage of accumulation of vitiating factors to complete manifestation of its symptoms shall be studied well for its complete knowledge.
* The knowledge of Nidana can be helpful in reducing healthcare cost by reducing use of invasive and non invasive medical diagnostic tools.
===Researches===
===Researches===
#Shrirang S.G. have done a critical study on Nidana Sthana with special reference to [[Prameha Nidana]] <ref> Shrirang S.G. Thesis on Critical Study Of Caraka Nidana Sthana With Special Reference To Prameha . Department of Samhita . Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in [[Ayurveda]], Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar . 2000</ref>
#Shrirang S.G. have done a critical study on Nidana Sthana with special reference to [[Prameha Nidana]] <ref> Shrirang S.G. Thesis on Critical Study Of Caraka Nidana Sthana With Special Reference To Prameha . Department of Samhita . Institute for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in [[Ayurveda]], Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar . 2000</ref>
#Shashirekha H. K. has studied [[Shosha Nidana]] described in [[Nidana Sthana]]. <ref>Shashirekha H K . A Study On Caraka Nidana Sthana With Special Reference To Shosha . Swasthavritta . Dr. Basavaraj Nagur Memorial Rural Ayurvedic Medical College And Hospital (Dr. B N M R), Bijapur .2010</ref>
#Shashirekha H. K. has studied [[Shosha Nidana]] described in [[Nidana Sthana]]. <ref>Shashirekha H K . A Study On Caraka Nidana Sthana With Special Reference To Shosha . Swasthavritta . Dr. Basavaraj Nagur Memorial Rural Ayurvedic Medical College And Hospital (Dr. B N M R), Bijapur .2010</ref>
=== More information ===
The following chapters in other sections deal with detail information about diagnostic principles and classification of disease.
* [[Mahachatushpada Adhyaya]]
* [[Tistraishaniya Adhyaya]]
* [[Kiyanta Shiraseeya Adhyaya]]
* [[Trishothiya Adhyaya]]
* [[Ashtodariya Adhyaya]]
* [[Maharoga Adhyaya]]
* [[Trividha Roga Vishesha Vijnaniya Vimana]]
* [[Roganika Vimana]]
* [[Vyadhita Rupiya Vimana]]
* [[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana]]
Moreover each chapter of [[Chikitsa sthana]] described the five assessment tools (nidana panchaka) of respective diseases.
=== All Abstracts ===
=== All Abstracts ===