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{{#seo:

|title=Maharoga Adhyaya

|title=Maharoga Adhyaya

|type=article

|type=article

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<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 20. [[Dosha]] specific classification of diseases '''</big>

<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 20. [[Dosha]] specific classification of diseases '''</big>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|data7  = Pol A.

|data7  = Pol A.

|label8 = Editors  

|label8 = Editors  

|data8  = Kar A.C., Rai S., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.

|data8  = Kar A.C., Rai S., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label9 = Year of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 =  2020

|data9 =  2020

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

 

<p style="text-align:justify;">This chapter further extends description of classification of diseases according to criteria viz. endogenous-exogenous causes, basic nature, site of origin, clinical presentations. The specific causes of endogenous and exogenous diseases are described. The chapter further enlists diseases caused due to only one [[dosha]] with their sites of origin. This elaborates the concept distinct one-[[dosha]] categories of diseases. There are as many as eighty variants due to a vitiated [[vata]] only, forty due to [[pitta]], and twenty due to [[kapha]]. Any effective diagnosis or treatment of these diseases would need a detailed study of the [[dosha]], their locations and characteristics. This knowledge is provided to substantiate the importance of knowing disease before initiating the treatment in clinical medicine. The chapter recapitulates principles of knowledge of disease described in the tetrad.  </br>

<div style="text-align:justify;">This chapter further extends description of classification of diseases according to criteria viz. endogenous-exogenous causes, basic nature, site of origin, clinical presentations. The specific causes of endogenous and exogenous diseases are described. The chapter further enlists diseases caused due to only one [[dosha]] with their sites of origin. This elaborates the concept distinct one-[[dosha]] categories of diseases. There are as many as eighty variants due to a vitiated [[vata]] only, forty due to [[pitta]], and twenty due to [[kapha]]. Any effective diagnosis or treatment of these diseases would need a detailed study of the [[dosha]], their locations and characteristics. This knowledge is provided to substantiate the importance of knowing disease before initiating the treatment in clinical medicine. The chapter recapitulates principles of knowledge of disease described in the tetrad.  </div>[

'''Keywords''': [[dosha]] specific diseases, site of [[dosha]], management principles of [[dosha]].

'''Keywords''': [[dosha]] specific diseases, site of [[dosha]], management principles of [[dosha]].

</div>

</p>

 

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

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</div></div>

Now we shall expound the chapter "Maharoga" (Dosha specific classification of diseases). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

Now we shall expound the chapter "Maharoga" ([[Dosha]] specific classification of diseases). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

=== Classification of diseases ===

=== Classification of diseases ===

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</div></div>

While exogenous diseases are caused by nails, teeth bites (of wild animals), fall, malevolent spells, curse, psychic afflictions including assault, piercing, bondage, raping, application of pressure, binding by rope, fire, weapon, thunderbolt, demoniac seizure, and natural calamities. Endogenous diseases are caused by the disturbance in the equilibrium of [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] [[dosha]].[4]

While exogenous diseases are caused by nails, teeth bites (of wild animals), fall, malevolent spells, curse, psychic afflictions including assault, piercing, bondage, wrapping, application of pressure, binding by rope, fire, weapon, thunderbolt, demoniac seizure, and natural calamities. Endogenous diseases are caused by the disturbance in the equilibrium of [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] [[dosha]].[4]

=== Three major causes of diseases ===

=== Three major causes of diseases ===

Exogenous diseases begin with pain and then bring about disturbances in the equilibrium of [[dosha]]. Endogenous diseases, on the other hand, begin with disturbances in the equilibrium of [[dosha]] and then cause pain. [7]

Exogenous diseases begin with pain and then bring about disturbances in the equilibrium of [[dosha]]. Endogenous diseases, on the other hand, begin with disturbances in the equilibrium of [[dosha]] and then cause pain. [7]

=== Sites of three [[doshas]] ===

=== Sites of three [[dosha]] ===

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<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

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The important sites of origin of these three [[doshas]] are as follows:

The important sites of origin of these three [[dosha]] are as follows:

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

Urinary bladder, rectum, waist, thighs, legs, bones and colon are the sites of [[vata]], with colon the most important of them.

Urinary bladder, rectum, waist, thighs, legs, bones and colon are the sites of [[vata]], with colon the most important of them.

Sweat, [[rasa]], lasika, [[rakta]] and small intestine are the sites of [[pitta]], with small intestine the most important of them.

 

Chest, head, neck, joints, stomach and fat are the sites of ''shleshma'' or [[kapha]], with chest the most important of them. [8]

[[Sweat]], [[rasa]], [[lasika]], [[rakta]] and lower part of stomach and duodenum are the sites of [[pitta]], with duodenum, the most important of them.

 

Chest, head, neck, joints, upper part of stomach and [[meda]] (fats) are the sites of [[shleshma]] or [[kapha]], with chest the most important of them. [8]

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<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

Abnormal [[pitta]]disorders should be managed by drugs having sweet, bitter, astringent, and cooling qualities. Any therapeutic modalities administered, such as oleation, purgation, fasting, affusion, massage, etc. should have anti-[[pitta]]ja properties and must be administered in appropriate dose and time. Of all the above mentioned procedures, purgation is regarded as the most effective mode of treatment for the management of [[pitta]]ja vyadhi''. When [[pitta]] is overcome in the ''amashaya'' through administration of purgative substances, the disorders of [[pitta]] in other parts of the body are automatically pacified just like a fire chamber cools down when the fire is doused. [16]

Abnormal [[pitta]] disorders should be managed by drugs having sweet, bitter, astringent, and cooling qualities. Any therapeutic modalities administered, such as oleation, purgation, fasting, affusion, massage, etc. should have anti-[[pitta]]ja properties and must be administered in appropriate dose and time. Of all the above mentioned procedures, purgation is regarded as the most effective mode of treatment for the management of [[pitta]]ja vyadhi''. When [[pitta]] is overcome in the ''amashaya'' through administration of purgative substances, the disorders of [[pitta]] in other parts of the body are automatically pacified just like a fire chamber cools down when the fire is doused. [16]

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</div>

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</div></div>

The 20 prevalent [[kapha]]disorders or ''Shleshma nanatmaja vyadhi'' are:

The 20 prevalent [[kapha]] disorders or ''Shleshma nanatmaja vyadhi'' are:

#Trupti (Contentment)

#Trupti (Contentment)

#Tandra (Drowsiness)

#Tandra (Drowsiness)

#Nidradhikya (Excess sleep)

#Nidradhikya (Excess sleep)

#Staimitya (Excess cold sensation)

#Staimitya (Rigidity/Immobility)

#Gurugatrata (Heaviness in body)

#Gurugatrata (Heaviness in body)

#Alasya (Lassitude)

#Alasya (Lassitude)

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

Abnormal [[kapha]] should be managed using drugs having pungent, bitter, astringent, sharp, hot and dry qualities, and by means of other therapeutic modalities such as fomentation, emesis, evacuation of [[dosha]] from head, exercise etc. that have anti-[[kapha]]ja'' properties and these must be administered in appropriate dose and time. Amongst all the above mentioned procedures emesis is regarded the most effective form of treatment for the management of [[kapha]]ja diseases because immediately after entering the stomach, it strikes at the very root cause of the vitiation of [[kapha]]. Thus, when [[kapha]] is overcome in the stomach, any [[kapha]]-related affliction in any other part of the body gets pacified automatically quite like the drying up of crops of rice in the absence of moisture when the obstructing ridge of the field is broken.[19]

Abnormal [[kapha]] should be managed using drugs having pungent, bitter, astringent, sharp, hot and dry qualities, and by means of other therapeutic modalities such as fomentation, emesis, evacuation of [[dosha]] from head, exercise etc. that have anti-[[kapha]]ja'' properties and these must be administered in appropriate dose and time. Amongst all the above mentioned procedures emesis is regarded the most effective form of treatment for the management of [[kapha]]ja diseases because immediately after entering the stomach, it strikes at the very root cause of the vitiation of [[kapha]]. Thus, when [[kapha]] is overcome in the stomach, any [[kapha]]-related affliction in any other part of the body gets pacified automatically quite like the drying up of crops of rice in the absence of moisture when the obstructing ridge of the field is broken.[19]''

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#Endogenous diseases of the general type (samanyaja) are caused by the combination of two or more [[dosha]].

#Endogenous diseases of the general type (samanyaja) are caused by the combination of two or more [[dosha]].

#Endogenous diseases of the specific type (Nanatmaja=Na+Anatmaja=Atmaja) are on the other hand, caused by only one of the [[dosha]]  

#Endogenous diseases of the specific type (Nanatmaja=Na+Anatmaja=Atmaja) are on the other hand, caused by only one of the [[dosha]]  

#Even if some of the [[vata]]ja types of diseases are caused by other [[dosha]]besides [[vata]], it is the [[vata]] which is actually responsible for the transmission of the vitiated [[dosha]] to a specific organ of the body as it has been said ‘[[kapha]], [[pitta]] and [[dhatu]], left to themselves are immobile in nature. Wherever, they are carried by the [[vata]], they cause disease just as the wind causes rain in a particular area.  

#Even if some of the [[vata]]ja types of diseases are caused by other [[dosha]] besides [[vata]], it is the [[vata]] which is actually responsible for the transmission of the vitiated [[dosha]] to a specific organ of the body as it has been said ‘[[kapha]], [[pitta]] and [[dhatu]], left to themselves are immobile in nature. Wherever, they are carried by the [[vata]], they cause disease just as the wind causes rain in a particular area.

#Phases in the natural history and clinical course of a disease to successive stages of prevention are described under kriyakala.

#Phases in the natural history and clinical course of a disease to successive stages of prevention are described under kriyakala.

#Each [[dosha]] has its specific site of action. Various disorders are caused due to involvement of one or more qualities of [[dosha]].

#Each [[dosha]] has its specific site of action. Various disorders are caused due to involvement of one or more qualities of [[dosha]].

|-

|-

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''4''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''4''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Staimitya (Excess cold sensation)''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''Staimitya (Rigidity/immobility)''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | '' ''  

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | '' ''  

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | ''+''

*AFMC Primer on Health (http://phprimer.afmc.ca/Part1TheoryThinkingAboutHealth/Chapter1ConceptsOfHealthAndIllness/IllnessSicknessandDisease)

*AFMC Primer on Health (http://phprimer.afmc.ca/Part1TheoryThinkingAboutHealth/Chapter1ConceptsOfHealthAndIllness/IllnessSicknessandDisease)

*International Classification of Diseases (ICD): http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/)

*International Classification of Diseases (ICD): http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/)

== References ==

== References ==