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Line 2,659: − + − ''Kaphaja madatyaya'' gets quickly pacified with use of heavy and even light weight garments, with ''samvahana'' (deep massage) created contraction (and relaxation) with warmth, pleasurable to the body by well trained female masseur. [164-188]+ Line 2,693:
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Line 2,909: − ''Basti'', consumption of ghee and milk with ghee, massage, bath suitable food and drink are ''vata'' pacifying. ''Dhwansaka'' and ''Vikshaya'' subside by this regimen. The drinking disorders will not occur in the person who drinks liquor properly.[199-205]+ Line 3,041:
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{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Madatyaya Chikitsa
|title=Madatyaya Chikitsa
|type=article
|type=article
}}
}}
'''<big>[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 24. Management of Madatyaya (Intoxication)</big>'''
'''<big>[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 24. Management of Madatyaya (Intoxication)</big>'''
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|data6 = Wanjarkhedkar P.
|data6 = Wanjarkhedkar P.
|label7 = Reviewer
|label7 = Reviewer
|data7 = Deole Y. S.
|data7 = [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y. S.]]
|label8 = Editors
|label8 = Editors
|data8 = Ojha S.N.,Deole Y.S., Basisht G.
|data8 = Ojha S.N., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]
|label9 = Year of publication
|label9 = Year of publication
|data9 = 2020
|data9 = 2020
}}
}}
<big>''' Abstract </big>'''
<big>''' Abstract </big>'''
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<p style='text-align:justify;'>This chapter describes in sequence, the origin of ''madya'' (liquor) practice, the preferred formulation of the liquor, correct methods of consumption, and advantages of its consumption. Then, another aspect of the liquor consumption is described, starting from different stages of intoxication, disadvantages of liquor consumption, and various other forms of intoxication which should be understood by the treating physician.
This chapter describes in sequence, the origin of ''madya'' (liquor) practice, the preferred formulation of the liquor, correct methods of consumption, and advantages of its consumption. Then, another aspect of the liquor consumption is described, starting from different stages of intoxication, disadvantages of liquor consumption, and various other forms of intoxication which should be understood by the treating physician.
<br/>
The chapter also highlights the preferred quality of liquor with preferred composition which shall be multi-ingredient based rather than the single ingredient. Comparison of the liquor with ''visha'', the poison has also been described.
The chapter also highlights the preferred quality of liquor with preferred composition which shall be multi-ingredient based rather than the single ingredient. Comparison of the liquor with ''visha'', the poison has also been described.
<br/>
[[Ojas]] and its significance has been elaborated here with respect to the liquor effects on the human body; The [[ojas]] is the constant energy source of the body which may get affected by the liquor intoxication leading to perplexity which is commonly observed due to liquor and poison. The treatments prescribed in this chapter for intoxication are aimed to establish the consciousness and improve the energy which eventually will maintain the vigor.
[[Ojas]] and its significance has been elaborated here with respect to the liquor effects on the human body; The [[ojas]] is the constant energy source of the body which may get affected by the liquor intoxication leading to perplexity which is commonly observed due to liquor and poison. The treatments prescribed in this chapter for intoxication are aimed to establish the consciousness and improve the energy which eventually will maintain the vigor. <br/>
'''Keywords''': Madya, Madatyaya, [[Oja]], Visha, liquor, intoxication, personified liquor.
'''Keywords''': Madya, Madatyaya, [[Oja]], Visha, liquor, intoxication, personified liquor.
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In ''paitta'' dominant ''madatyaya'', cool, well suitable liquor prepared of ''sharkara, mridvika'' (dried grapes) added with sugar and juice of cassia fistula, dates, grapes, ''parushaka'' or pomegranate and mixed with parched grain flour shall be administered.
In [[pitta dosha]] dominant ''madatyaya'', cool, well suitable liquor prepared of ''sharkara, mridvika'' (dried grapes) added with sugar and juice of cassia fistula, dates, grapes, ''parushaka'' or pomegranate and mixed with parched grain flour shall be administered.
The diet to be consumed is the meat of rabbit, grey partridge, ''ena'' (black deer), common quail, ''asita puchhaka'' (a type of deer); sweetened and soured along with ''shali'' and ''shashtika'' rice. The goat meat shall be prepared with peas, green gram or ''dadima'' (Pomegranate) and ''amalaka'' (Indian Goose berry). Preparation of various saturating drinks, vegetable and meat soups with juice of grapes, Indian Gooseberry, dates and ''parushaka'' is advisable.
The diet to be consumed is the meat of rabbit, grey partridge, ''ena'' (black deer), common quail, ''asita puchhaka'' (a type of deer); sweetened and soured along with ''shali'' and ''shashtika'' rice. The goat meat shall be prepared with peas, green gram or ''dadima'' (Pomegranate) and ''amalaka'' (Indian Goose berry). Preparation of various saturating drinks, vegetable and meat soups with juice of grapes, Indian Gooseberry, dates and ''parushaka'' is advisable.
Learned physician implement these regimens with consideration of ''matra'' (optimum quantity) and ''kaala'' (appropriate time) to pacify [[pitta]]ja madatyaya.[136-163]
Learned physician implement these regimens with consideration of ''matra'' (optimum quantity) and ''kaala'' (appropriate time) to pacify [[pitta]]ja madatyaya.[136-163]
=== Management of ''kapha'' dominant ''madatyaya'' ===
=== Management of [[kapha]] dominant ''madatyaya'' ===
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Therapeutic emesis and fasting can successfully treat ''kaphaja'' alcoholism.
Therapeutic emesis and fasting can successfully treat [[kapha]]ja alcoholism.
Water boiled with ''hribera, bala, prishniparni, kantakari,'' or boiled and cooled water with these herbs with dry ginger shall be given in thirsty due to ''kaphaja madatyaya''.
Water boiled with ''hribera, bala, prishniparni, kantakari,'' or boiled and cooled water with these herbs with dry ginger shall be given in thirsty due to [[kapha]]ja madatyaya.
Water boiled with ''duralabha , musta'' or ''musta, parpata'' or only ''musta'' which metabolizes the toxins; shall only be used for drinking in all types of alcoholism. This is harmless and pacifies thirst and fever.
Water boiled with ''duralabha , musta'' or ''musta, parpata'' or only ''musta'' which metabolizes the toxins; shall only be used for drinking in all types of alcoholism. This is harmless and pacifies thirst and fever.
Sour soup of ''patola,'' soup of ''amalaka'' added with several pungent shall be given with barley food. In the same way, soured soup of ''trikatu'' or soup mixed with ''amlavetasa,'' arid meat, soup of goat or soured meat soup of ''jangala'' animals shall be given. Meat roasted in a plate or in an earthen plate without adding any liquid and added with pungent, sour, and salt shall be consumed along with ''madhu'' (a type of liquor).
Sour soup of ''patola,'' soup of ''amalaka'' added with several pungent shall be given with barley food. In the same way, soured soup of ''trikatu'' or soup mixed with ''amlavetasa,'' arid meat, soup of goat or soured meat soup of ''jangala'' animals shall be given. Meat roasted in a plate or in an earthen plate without adding any liquid and added with pungent, sour, and salt shall be consumed along with ''madhu'' (a type of liquor).
Meat roasted while adding ample of black pepper, ''matulunga'' juice, other pungents in ample quantity, ''yavani'' and dry ginger and souring with pomegranate shall be consumed with hot pupa and plenty of fresh ginger pieces according to the ''agni'' on proper time followed by drinking discoursed liquor in ''kaphaja madatyaya''.
Meat roasted while adding ample of black pepper, ''matulunga'' juice, other pungents in ample quantity, ''yavani'' and dry ginger and souring with pomegranate shall be consumed with hot pupa and plenty of fresh ginger pieces according to the [[agni]] on proper time followed by drinking discoursed liquor in [[kapha]]ja madatyaya.
''Sauvarchala, jeeraka, vrikshamla, amlavetasa'' each one part, ''twak, ela, maricha'' each half part and sugar one part; all together powdered to formulate ''ashtanga lavana'' is an excellent appetizer and cleanser for ''strotas''; shall be administered in ''kaphaja madatyaya''.
''Sauvarchala, jeeraka, vrikshamla, amlavetasa'' each one part, ''twak, ela, maricha'' each half part and sugar one part; all together powdered to formulate ''ashtanga lavana'' is an excellent appetizer and cleanser for ''strotas''; shall be administered in [[kapha]]ja madatyaya.
This formulation made into liquid by addition of sweet and sour juices in optimum quantity shall be advised as ''adjuvant'' to the preparation of wheat and barley as well as meat to make more palatable.
This formulation made into liquid by addition of sweet and sour juices in optimum quantity shall be advised as ''adjuvant'' to the preparation of wheat and barley as well as meat to make more palatable.
''Ragas'' can be prepared individually by the pulp of ''amalaka'' (Indian Gooseberry), adding ''dhanyaka'' (coriander seeds), ''sauvarchala, jeeraka, karavi'' and ''maricha'' (Black pepper) along with jaggery and ''madhu''(honey); so that it becomes clear, sour and sweet; which makes food palatable and easy to digest.
''Ragas'' can be prepared individually by the pulp of ''amalaka'' (Indian Gooseberry), adding ''dhanyaka'' (coriander seeds), ''sauvarchala, jeeraka, karavi'' and ''maricha'' (Black pepper) along with jaggery and ''madhu''(honey); so that it becomes clear, sour and sweet; which makes food palatable and easy to digest.
''Madatyaya'' predominant in ''kapha'' gets pacified early by the use of arid, hot food and drinks, hot water bath, physical exercise, agile things, awakening till late night, anointing, scrubbing of the body which improves ''prana'' (vitality) and complexion.
''Madatyaya'' predominant in [[kapha]] gets pacified early by the use of arid, hot food and drinks, hot water bath, physical exercise, agile things, awakening till late night, anointing, scrubbing of the body which improves ''prana'' (vitality) and complexion.
[[Kapha]]ja madatyaya gets quickly pacified with use of heavy and even light weight garments, with ''samvahana'' (deep massage) created contraction (and relaxation) with warmth, pleasurable to the body by well trained female masseur. [164-188]
=== Management of ''sannipata'' ===
=== Management of ''sannipata'' ===
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This regimen is described here according to individual ''dosha'' severity. The same with permutation and combinations can be applied by physician in ten types of ''sannipata''( mixed variety of ''dosha'' aggravation).
This regimen is described here according to individual [[dosha]] severity. The same with permutation and combinations can be applied by physician in ten types of ''sannipata''( mixed variety of [[dosha]] aggravation).
One who understands permutations and combinations of ''dosha'', medicines, and prognosis can differentiate between curable and non-curable diseases and treat. [189-190]
One who understands permutations and combinations of [[dosha]], medicines, and prognosis can differentiate between curable and non-curable diseases and treat. [189-190]
=== ''Harshana chikitsa'' (Exhileration treatment) ===
=== ''Harshana chikitsa'' (Exhileration treatment) ===
In case ''madatyaya'' does not get pacified with these explained regimens in methods of liquor consumption, milk shall be prescribed.
In case ''madatyaya'' does not get pacified with these explained regimens in methods of liquor consumption, milk shall be prescribed.
With withdrawal of liquor, when ''kapha'' is diminished and debility and agility occurs due to fasting, and purifying metabolism of toxins, alleviating measures and ''vata pitta'' get dominant in the person wreaked with liquor, the milk acts as a boon like the rains for the tree in intense summer.
With withdrawal of liquor, when [[kapha]] is diminished and debility and agility occurs due to fasting, and purifying metabolism of toxins, alleviating measures and [[vata]] [[pitta]] get dominant in the person wreaked with liquor, the milk acts as a boon like the rains for the tree in intense summer.
When the disease is removed by the use of milk and strength is regained the use of milk shall be discontinued and liquor consumption can be resumed in smaller quantities gradually.[195-198]
When the disease is removed by the use of milk and strength is regained the use of milk shall be discontinued and liquor consumption can be resumed in smaller quantities gradually.[195-198]
The management of these is similar to the management of ''vatika madatyaya''.
The management of these is similar to the management of ''vatika madatyaya''.
[[Basti]], consumption of ghee and milk with ghee, massage, bath suitable food and drink are [[vata]] pacifying. ''Dhwansaka'' and ''Vikshaya'' subside by this regimen. The drinking disorders will not occur in the person who drinks liquor properly.[199-205]
=== Prevention of diseases ===
=== Prevention of diseases ===
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
*The degree of effect and duration of intoxication due to liquor consumption will be extensive if the person consumes liquor similar to his constitution. The principle which has been described in the first chapter of [[Sutra Sthana]] emphasizes the use of opposite (''viruddha guna'') quality substances to pacify the agitated state of ''dosha''. Therefore, it is advised to drink liquor of opposite quality for respective (''prakriti'')constitution.
*The degree of effect and duration of intoxication due to liquor consumption will be extensive if the person consumes liquor similar to his constitution. The principle which has been described in the first chapter of [[Sutra Sthana]] emphasizes the use of opposite (''viruddha guna'') quality substances to pacify the agitated state of [[dosha]]. Therefore, it is advised to drink liquor of opposite quality for respective ([[Prakriti]])constitution.
*Liquor prepared by multiple ingredients carry multiple qualities and multiple actions, characterized by advantages and disadvantages.
*Liquor prepared by multiple ingredients carry multiple qualities and multiple actions, characterized by advantages and disadvantages.
*Liquor by nature is similar to food. It is like ambrosia for the one who drinks as per the guidelines, in optimum quantity, at suitable time, with advisable diet, as per the capacity and with exhilaration. On the contrary, it will be like poison for the one who indulges in excessive drinking any kind of liquor.
*Liquor by nature is similar to food. It is like ambrosia for the one who drinks as per the guidelines, in optimum quantity, at suitable time, with advisable diet, as per the capacity and with exhilaration. On the contrary, it will be like poison for the one who indulges in excessive drinking any kind of liquor.
*Appropriate ''madya'' for ''vatika'' person is that which is prepared predominantly by jaggery and flour. For ''kapha'' and ''pitta'' predominant person ''madya'' prepared by grapes and honey is appropriate (to drink) respectively.
*Appropriate ''madya'' for ''vatika'' person is that which is prepared predominantly by jaggery and flour. For [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] predominant person ''madya'' prepared by grapes and honey is appropriate (to drink) respectively.
*Liquor counteracts the qualities of ''ojas'' (vital essence of body).
*Liquor counteracts the qualities of [[ojas]] (vital essence of body).
*It affects the mental strength, intellect and senses.
*It affects the mental strength, intellect and senses.
*The liquor shall always be consumed with understanding of six triads of the food, drink, age, disease, strength, and time; as well as ''tridosha'' and three psyches (described in earlier chapters).
*The liquor shall always be consumed with understanding of six triads of the food, drink, age, disease, strength, and time; as well as tri[[dosha]] and three psyches (described in earlier chapters).
*While drinking, one should know the people following ''sattvika, rajasika'' and ''tamasika'' way of drinking and try to be at distance from such companions due to whom one may suffer by bad effects of liquor consumption.
*While drinking, one should know the people following ''sattvika, rajasika'' and ''tamasika'' way of drinking and try to be at distance from such companions due to whom one may suffer by bad effects of liquor consumption.
*Alcoholism, of all types is ''tridoshaja''. Therefore, the ''dosha'' observed to be affected predominantly shall be treated initially. The treatment of alcoholism shall begin with the site of ''kapha''.
*Alcoholism, of all types is tri[[dosha]]ja. Therefore, the [[dosha]] observed to be affected predominantly shall be treated initially. The treatment of alcoholism shall begin with the site of [[kapha]].
*''Vata'' obstructed in ''strotas'' due to ''dosha'' vitiated by liquor causes intense pain in head, bones and joints. In such condition for dissolving ''dosha'', specific liquor should be administered since it has quality of quick absorption, sharpness and hot in spite of other remedial measure.
*[[Vata]] obstructed in ''strotas'' due to [[dosha]] vitiated by liquor causes intense pain in head, bones and joints. In such condition for dissolving [[dosha]], specific liquor should be administered since it has quality of quick absorption, sharpness and hot in spite of other remedial measure.
*The liquor clears the obstruction in the ''strotas'', carminates the ''vata'', improves delight, stimulates the ''agni'' and gets habituated by regular drinking.
*The liquor clears the obstruction in the ''strotas'', carminates the [[vata]], improves delight, stimulates the [[agni]] and gets habituated by regular drinking.
*Once the ''strotas'' in chest get clear, carmination of ''vata'', the diseases due to alcoholism also disappear.
*Once the ''strotas'' in chest get clear, carmination of [[vata]], the diseases due to alcoholism also disappear.
*Directives for drinking:
*Directives for drinking:
*An individual of ''vatika prakriti'' shall imbibe ''madya'' after ''abhyanga'' (massage), ''utsadana'' (rubbing with herbs), bathing, dressed up, holy incense, anulepanam (unguent) and unctuous hot food.
*An individual of vatika [[Prakriti]] shall imbibe ''madya'' after ''abhyanga'' (massage), ''utsadana'' (rubbing with herbs), bathing, dressed up, holy incense, anulepanam (unguent) and unctuous hot food.
*An individual of ''paittika prakriti'' shall undergo various cooling regimens; sweet, unctuous & cooling food to not get affected by ''madya'', the liquor.
*An individual of paittika [[Prakriti]] shall undergo various cooling regimens; sweet, unctuous & cooling food to not get affected by ''madya'', the liquor.
*An individual of ''kaphaja prakriti'' shall imbibe ''madya'' (the liquor) with warm regimens; drink ''yava'' (barley), wheat, meat of wild animals along with black pepper.
*An individual of [[kapha]]ja [[Prakriti]] shall imbibe ''madya'' (the liquor) with warm regimens; drink ''yava'' (barley), wheat, meat of wild animals along with black pepper.
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
=== Qualities of good liquor ===
=== Qualities of good liquor ===
The liquor consumption must be in optimal amount suitable to individual’s body constitution and should not cause vitiation of ''dosha''.
The liquor consumption must be in optimal amount suitable to individual’s body constitution and should not cause vitiation of [[dosha]].
Good liquor is prepared from multiple ingredients of varied qualities which have diverse actions to help regulate the three ''doshas'' and prevent their vitiation, which may occur in case of use of single ingredient. Sushruta mentioned that the increase or decrease of the ''dosha'' is mainly influenced by the ingredients (''dravya'') of liquor. Therefore, manufacturing liquor with multi-component of varied quality substances will help to maintain state of homeostasis.
Good liquor is prepared from multiple ingredients of varied qualities which have diverse actions to help regulate the three [[dosha]] and prevent their vitiation, which may occur in case of use of single ingredient. Sushruta mentioned that the increase or decrease of the [[dosha]] is mainly influenced by the ingredients (''dravya'') of liquor. Therefore, manufacturing liquor with multi-component of varied quality substances will help to maintain state of homeostasis.
=== Features of intoxication ===
=== Features of intoxication ===
* In a study on 38 patients suffering from madatyaya,it is observed that Ashtanga lavana is effective followed by vamana (therapeutic emesis).<ref> Sadalagi Sheetal et.al.Effect of Vamana and Ashtanga Lavana in the management of Madatyaya. AYU;30(4)2009,pp. 463-468. available online from http://www.ayujournal.org/article.asp?issn=0974-8520;year=2009;volume=30;issue=4;spage=463;epage=468;aulast=Sadalagi;type=0 accessed on July 29,2019</ref>
* In a study on 38 patients suffering from madatyaya,it is observed that Ashtanga lavana is effective followed by vamana (therapeutic emesis).<ref> Sadalagi Sheetal et.al.Effect of Vamana and Ashtanga Lavana in the management of Madatyaya. AYU;30(4)2009,pp. 463-468. available online from http://www.ayujournal.org/article.asp?issn=0974-8520;year=2009;volume=30;issue=4;spage=463;epage=468;aulast=Sadalagi;type=0 accessed on July 29,2019</ref>
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== References ==
== References ==