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Line 1,939: − ''Vata'' obstructed in ''strotas'' due to ''dosha'' vitiated by liquor causes intense pain in head, bones and joints. In such condition for dissolving ''dosha'', specific liquor should be administered since it has quality of quick absorption, sharpness and hot in spite of other remedial measure.+ − + − + − ''Vata'' dominant ''madatyaya'' is treated with administration of old salty liquor made up of flours, with added sours like ''beejapura, vrikshamla, kola, dadima'' and powders of ''yavani, hapusha, ajaji, shringabera'' preceded by intake of food with parched gram flour mixed with unctuous substances.+ − + − + − + − ''Vata'' predominant ''madatyaya'' usually gets controlled immediately by various delighting ragas, ''shadavas'', meat preparations, vegetables, flour preparations, barley, wheat, ''shali'' rice; massage, anointing, hot baths, thick swathe, thick ''agaru'' pastes, thick essence of ''agaru'', affectionate hug to women to the bosom with warmth of youthfulness, pleasant touch of their hips, thighs, breasts due to fondling, warm bedding and swaddling with warm comfortable home.[117-135]+ − + Line 2,305:
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Line 2,659: − + − ''Kaphaja madatyaya'' gets quickly pacified with use of heavy and even light weight garments, with ''samvahana'' (deep massage) created contraction (and relaxation) with warmth, pleasurable to the body by well trained female masseur. [164-188]+ Line 2,693:
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{{CiteButton}}
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Madatyaya Chikitsa
|title=Madatyaya Chikitsa
|type=article
|type=article
}}
}}
'''<big>[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 24. Management of Madatyaya (Intoxication)</big>'''
'''<big>[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 24. Management of Madatyaya (Intoxication)</big>'''
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|data6 = Wanjarkhedkar P.
|data6 = Wanjarkhedkar P.
|label7 = Reviewer
|label7 = Reviewer
|data7 = Deole Y. S.
|data7 = [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y. S.]]
|label8 = Editors
|label8 = Editors
|data8 = Ojha S.N.,Deole Y.S., Basisht G.
|data8 = Ojha S.N., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]
|label9 = Year of publication
|label9 = Year of publication
|data9 = 2020
|data9 = 2020
}}
}}
<big>''' Abstract </big>'''
<big>''' Abstract </big>'''
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<p style='text-align:justify;'>This chapter describes in sequence, the origin of ''madya'' (liquor) practice, the preferred formulation of the liquor, correct methods of consumption, and advantages of its consumption. Then, another aspect of the liquor consumption is described, starting from different stages of intoxication, disadvantages of liquor consumption, and various other forms of intoxication which should be understood by the treating physician.
This chapter describes in sequence, the origin of ''madya'' (liquor) practice, the preferred formulation of the liquor, correct methods of consumption, and advantages of its consumption. Then, another aspect of the liquor consumption is described, starting from different stages of intoxication, disadvantages of liquor consumption, and various other forms of intoxication which should be understood by the treating physician.
<br/>
The chapter also highlights the preferred quality of liquor with preferred composition which shall be multi-ingredient based rather than the single ingredient. Comparison of the liquor with ''visha'', the poison has also been described.
The chapter also highlights the preferred quality of liquor with preferred composition which shall be multi-ingredient based rather than the single ingredient. Comparison of the liquor with ''visha'', the poison has also been described.
<br/>
[[Ojas]] and its significance has been elaborated here with respect to the liquor effects on the human body; The [[ojas]] is the constant energy source of the body which may get affected by the liquor intoxication leading to perplexity which is commonly observed due to liquor and poison. The treatments prescribed in this chapter for intoxication are aimed to establish the consciousness and improve the energy which eventually will maintain the vigor.
[[Ojas]] and its significance has been elaborated here with respect to the liquor effects on the human body; The [[ojas]] is the constant energy source of the body which may get affected by the liquor intoxication leading to perplexity which is commonly observed due to liquor and poison. The treatments prescribed in this chapter for intoxication are aimed to establish the consciousness and improve the energy which eventually will maintain the vigor. <br/>
'''Keywords''': Madya, Madatyaya, [[Oja]], Visha, liquor, intoxication, personified liquor.
'''Keywords''': Madya, Madatyaya, [[Oja]], Visha, liquor, intoxication, personified liquor.
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Thirst, burning sensation, fever, sweating, fainting, diarrhea, giddiness and greenish discoloration are the distinct features of pitta dominant type of ''madatyaya''. [92-93]
Thirst, burning sensation, fever, sweating, fainting, diarrhea, giddiness and greenish discoloration are the distinct features of pitta dominant type of ''madatyaya''. [92-93]
=== Etiology and clinical features of ''kapha'' dominant ''madatyaya'' ===
=== Etiology and clinical features of [[kapha]] dominant ''madatyaya'' ===
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One who consumes freshly (prepared), sweet liquor made up of jaggery or flour in excess quantity, with sweet, unctuous and heavy diet, indulging lack of exercise, day sleep, reclining on bed and sitting in comfort leads to ''kapha'' predominant ''madatyaya'' .
One who consumes freshly (prepared), sweet liquor made up of jaggery or flour in excess quantity, with sweet, unctuous and heavy diet, indulging lack of exercise, day sleep, reclining on bed and sitting in comfort leads to [[kapha]] predominant ''madatyaya'' .
Vomiting, anorexia, nausea, drowsiness, stiffness, heaviness, and sensing cold are the features of ''madatyaya'' predominant with ''kapha''.[95-97]
Vomiting, anorexia, nausea, drowsiness, stiffness, heaviness, and sensing cold are the features of ''madatyaya'' predominant with [[kapha]].[95-97]
=== Clinical features of ''sannipataja madatyaya'' ===
=== Clinical features of ''sannipataja madatyaya'' ===
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The properties vitiating ''tridosha'' as observed in poisons are also observed in the liquor, which are more potent in the former. Some poisons are fatal with immediate effect, while other causes certain diseases. The last stage of intoxication shall be considered as the poisonous state. Therefore, symptoms of ''tridosha'' (vitiation) are observed in all types of alcoholism, the difference among them is identity by their specific features.[98-100]
The properties vitiating tri[[dosha]] as observed in poisons are also observed in the liquor, which are more potent in the former. Some poisons are fatal with immediate effect, while other causes certain diseases. The last stage of intoxication shall be considered as the poisonous state. Therefore, symptoms of tri[[dosha]] (vitiation) are observed in all types of alcoholism, the difference among them is identity by their specific features.[98-100]
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Major physical distress, confusion, cardiac pain, anorexia, persistent thirst, fever, characterized by immense headache, pain in flanks, arthralgia, and joint pain along with yawning, throbbing, tremors , exhaustion, chest congestion, coughing, hiccups, breathlessness, sleeplessness, trembling, disorders of ear, eye, mouth; sacral stiffness, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, with symptoms of ''vata, pitta, kapha'', giddiness, delirium, hallucinations; self covered by grass, ash, creeper, leaves, and dust; with perverted mind feels assaulted by birds, visualizing fear and inauspicious dreams; are the general symptoms of ''madatyaya''.[101-106]
Major physical distress, confusion, cardiac pain, anorexia, persistent thirst, fever, characterized by immense headache, pain in flanks, arthralgia, and joint pain along with yawning, throbbing, tremors , exhaustion, chest congestion, coughing, hiccups, breathlessness, sleeplessness, trembling, disorders of ear, eye, mouth; sacral stiffness, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, with symptoms of [[vata]], [[pitta]], [[kapha]], giddiness, delirium, hallucinations; self covered by grass, ash, creeper, leaves, and dust; with perverted mind feels assaulted by birds, visualizing fear and inauspicious dreams; are the general symptoms of ''madatyaya''.[101-106]
=== Management of ''madatyaya'' ===
=== Management of ''madatyaya'' ===
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''Madatyaya'', of all types are ''tridoshaja''. Therefore, the ''dosha'' observed predominantly affected shall be treated initially.
''Madatyaya'', of all types are tri[[dosha]]ja. Therefore, the [[dosha]] observed predominantly affected shall be treated initially.
The treatment of ''madatyaya'' shall begin with the site of ''kapha'', as it is predominantly situated lined by ''pitta'' and ''vata''.
The treatment of ''madatyaya'' shall begin with the site of [[kapha]], as it is predominantly situated lined by [[pitta]] and [[vata]].
The diseases caused by the improper, excessive and deficient drinking of liquor are pacified by consumption of the same in appropriate quantity.
The diseases caused by the improper, excessive and deficient drinking of liquor are pacified by consumption of the same in appropriate quantity.
Liquor is sour with four contributory tastes, such as sweet, astringent, bitter and pungent. These added with the ten qualities described earlier summed to fourteen which exist in the liquor. Among all the sour substances the liquor is superior.[112-116]
Liquor is sour with four contributory tastes, such as sweet, astringent, bitter and pungent. These added with the ten qualities described earlier summed to fourteen which exist in the liquor. Among all the sour substances the liquor is superior.[112-116]
=== Management of ''vata'' dominant ''madatyaya'' ===
=== Management of [[vata]] dominant ''madatyaya'' ===
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[[Vata]] obstructed in ''strotas'' due to [[dosha]] vitiated by liquor causes intense pain in head, bones and joints. In such condition for dissolving [[dosha]], specific liquor should be administered since it has quality of quick absorption, sharpness and hot in spite of other remedial measure.
The liquor clears the obstruction in the ''strotas'', carminates the ''vata'', improves delight, stimulate the ''agni'' and gets habituated by regular drinking.
The liquor clears the obstruction in the ''strotas'', carminates the [[vata]], improves delight, stimulate the [[agni]] and gets habituated by regular drinking.
Once the ''strotas'' in chest get clear, carmination of ''vata'', the diseases due to ''madatyaya'' also disappear.
Once the ''strotas'' in chest get clear, carmination of [[vata]], the diseases due to ''madatyaya'' also disappear.
[[Vata]] dominant ''madatyaya'' is treated with administration of old salty liquor made up of flours, with added sours like ''beejapura, vrikshamla, kola, dadima'' and powders of ''yavani, hapusha, ajaji, shringabera'' preceded by intake of food with parched gram flour mixed with unctuous substances.
On observing the symptoms indicating the predominance of ''vata'', the patient shall be advised the unctuous and sour meat soup of common quail, partridge, chicken and peacock; ''shali'' rice along with seasoned meat soup of marshy birds, animals and fish as well as terrestrial beast or bird of prey; unctuous, hot, salty and sour, palatable ''veshavaara'', various wheat preparations along with ''Varuni'' froth; ''pupavarti'' quite fatty and filled with flesh and ginger and ''pupilika'' made of black gram.
On observing the symptoms indicating the predominance of [[vata]], the patient shall be advised the unctuous and sour meat soup of common quail, partridge, chicken and peacock; ''shali'' rice along with seasoned meat soup of marshy birds, animals and fish as well as terrestrial beast or bird of prey; unctuous, hot, salty and sour, palatable ''veshavaara'', various wheat preparations along with ''Varuni'' froth; ''pupavarti'' quite fatty and filled with flesh and ginger and ''pupilika'' made of black gram.
The meat of fatty animals advised for ''vataja'' alcoholics shall be not too unctuous, not sour, with black pepper and fresh ginger; or with pomegranate juice, ''trijataka'' individual and coriander seed, black pepper and fresh ginger shall be served as thick soup with warm pupa.
The meat of fatty animals advised for [[vata]]ja alcoholics shall be not too unctuous, not sour, with black pepper and fresh ginger; or with pomegranate juice, ''trijataka'' individual and coriander seed, black pepper and fresh ginger shall be served as thick soup with warm pupa.
Post meal if thirsty, ''varuni'' froth, pomegranate juice, boiled and cool water with ''panchamla, dhanyaka'' (coriander seed), ginger, froth of curd, froth of sour gruel, vinegar water shall be given to the person.
Post meal if thirsty, ''varuni'' froth, pomegranate juice, boiled and cool water with ''panchamla, dhanyaka'' (coriander seed), ginger, froth of curd, froth of sour gruel, vinegar water shall be given to the person.
Undergoing this regimen as per the ''dosha'' and time the disorders get pacified and strength and complexion get enhanced.
Undergoing this regimen as per the [[dosha]] and time the disorders get pacified and strength and complexion get enhanced.
[[Vata]] predominant ''madatyaya'' usually gets controlled immediately by various delighting ragas, ''shadavas'', meat preparations, vegetables, flour preparations, barley, wheat, ''shali'' rice; massage, anointing, hot baths, thick swathe, thick ''agaru'' pastes, thick essence of ''agaru'', affectionate hug to women to the bosom with warmth of youthfulness, pleasant touch of their hips, thighs, breasts due to fondling, warm bedding and swaddling with warm comfortable home.[117-135]
=== Management of ''pitta'' dominant ''madatyaya'' ===
=== Management of [[pitta]] dominant ''madatyaya'' ===
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In ''paitta'' dominant ''madatyaya'', cool, well suitable liquor prepared of ''sharkara, mridvika'' (dried grapes) added with sugar and juice of cassia fistula, dates, grapes, ''parushaka'' or pomegranate and mixed with parched grain flour shall be administered.
In [[pitta dosha]] dominant ''madatyaya'', cool, well suitable liquor prepared of ''sharkara, mridvika'' (dried grapes) added with sugar and juice of cassia fistula, dates, grapes, ''parushaka'' or pomegranate and mixed with parched grain flour shall be administered.
The diet to be consumed is the meat of rabbit, grey partridge, ''ena'' (black deer), common quail, ''asita puchhaka'' (a type of deer); sweetened and soured along with ''shali'' and ''shashtika'' rice. The goat meat shall be prepared with peas, green gram or ''dadima'' (Pomegranate) and ''amalaka'' (Indian Goose berry). Preparation of various saturating drinks, vegetable and meat soups with juice of grapes, Indian Gooseberry, dates and ''parushaka'' is advisable.
The diet to be consumed is the meat of rabbit, grey partridge, ''ena'' (black deer), common quail, ''asita puchhaka'' (a type of deer); sweetened and soured along with ''shali'' and ''shashtika'' rice. The goat meat shall be prepared with peas, green gram or ''dadima'' (Pomegranate) and ''amalaka'' (Indian Goose berry). Preparation of various saturating drinks, vegetable and meat soups with juice of grapes, Indian Gooseberry, dates and ''parushaka'' is advisable.
In ''paittika madatyaya'' if ''kapha'' and ''pitta'' situated in stomach are vitiated, then considering the state of excess aggravation leading to burning and thirst, the liquor or grapes juice or water or ''tarpana'' shall be advised to induce complete emesis. This will relieve the illness rapidly.
In ''paittika madatyaya'' if [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] situated in stomach are vitiated, then considering the state of excess aggravation leading to burning and thirst, the liquor or grapes juice or water or ''tarpana'' shall be advised to induce complete emesis. This will relieve the illness rapidly.
If yearning to drink again, ''tarpana'' shall be given in appropriate time, which leads digestion of remaining toxins by stimulating ''agni''.
If yearning to drink again, ''tarpana'' shall be given in appropriate time, which leads digestion of remaining toxins by stimulating [[agni]].
Cough with hemoptysis, pain in flanks and breasts, thirst, burning, vitiated ''dosha'' in heart and chest shall be treated with decoction of ''guduchi'' (Tinospora cordifolia), ''devdaru,'' Cyprus rotundus, or ''patola'' mixed with dry ginger followed by the partridge food.
Cough with hemoptysis, pain in flanks and breasts, thirst, burning, vitiated [[dosha]] in heart and chest shall be treated with decoction of ''guduchi'' (Tinospora cordifolia), ''devdaru,'' Cyprus rotundus, or ''patola'' mixed with dry ginger followed by the partridge food.
For intense thirst and aggravated ''vata pitta'' cold grape juice is advisable which helps for toxin elimination.
For intense thirst and aggravated [[vata]] [[pitta]] cold grape juice is advisable which helps for toxin elimination.
After observation of complete digestion the person shall be fed with sweet and sour goat meat soup along with the liquor to satiate the thirst. The quantity of liquor to satiate thirst shall be optimum enough and shall not affect the mind. If thirst persists, liquor diluted in plenty of water shall be given repeatedly to pacify it, yet not intoxicating.
After observation of complete digestion the person shall be fed with sweet and sour goat meat soup along with the liquor to satiate the thirst. The quantity of liquor to satiate thirst shall be optimum enough and shall not affect the mind. If thirst persists, liquor diluted in plenty of water shall be given repeatedly to pacify it, yet not intoxicating.
Cool water, is preferable for shower, bathing and drinking helps in pacifying thirst and burning sensation.
Cool water, is preferable for shower, bathing and drinking helps in pacifying thirst and burning sensation.
Learned physician implement these regimens with consideration of ''matra'' (optimum quantity) and ''kaala'' (appropriate time) to pacify ''pittaja madatyaya''.[136-163]
Learned physician implement these regimens with consideration of ''matra'' (optimum quantity) and ''kaala'' (appropriate time) to pacify [[pitta]]ja madatyaya.[136-163]
=== Management of ''kapha'' dominant ''madatyaya'' ===
=== Management of [[kapha]] dominant ''madatyaya'' ===
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Therapeutic emesis and fasting can successfully treat ''kaphaja'' alcoholism.
Therapeutic emesis and fasting can successfully treat [[kapha]]ja alcoholism.
Water boiled with ''hribera, bala, prishniparni, kantakari,'' or boiled and cooled water with these herbs with dry ginger shall be given in thirsty due to ''kaphaja madatyaya''.
Water boiled with ''hribera, bala, prishniparni, kantakari,'' or boiled and cooled water with these herbs with dry ginger shall be given in thirsty due to [[kapha]]ja madatyaya.
Water boiled with ''duralabha , musta'' or ''musta, parpata'' or only ''musta'' which metabolizes the toxins; shall only be used for drinking in all types of alcoholism. This is harmless and pacifies thirst and fever.
Water boiled with ''duralabha , musta'' or ''musta, parpata'' or only ''musta'' which metabolizes the toxins; shall only be used for drinking in all types of alcoholism. This is harmless and pacifies thirst and fever.
Sour soup of ''patola,'' soup of ''amalaka'' added with several pungent shall be given with barley food. In the same way, soured soup of ''trikatu'' or soup mixed with ''amlavetasa,'' arid meat, soup of goat or soured meat soup of ''jangala'' animals shall be given. Meat roasted in a plate or in an earthen plate without adding any liquid and added with pungent, sour, and salt shall be consumed along with ''madhu'' (a type of liquor).
Sour soup of ''patola,'' soup of ''amalaka'' added with several pungent shall be given with barley food. In the same way, soured soup of ''trikatu'' or soup mixed with ''amlavetasa,'' arid meat, soup of goat or soured meat soup of ''jangala'' animals shall be given. Meat roasted in a plate or in an earthen plate without adding any liquid and added with pungent, sour, and salt shall be consumed along with ''madhu'' (a type of liquor).
Meat roasted while adding ample of black pepper, ''matulunga'' juice, other pungents in ample quantity, ''yavani'' and dry ginger and souring with pomegranate shall be consumed with hot pupa and plenty of fresh ginger pieces according to the ''agni'' on proper time followed by drinking discoursed liquor in ''kaphaja madatyaya''.
Meat roasted while adding ample of black pepper, ''matulunga'' juice, other pungents in ample quantity, ''yavani'' and dry ginger and souring with pomegranate shall be consumed with hot pupa and plenty of fresh ginger pieces according to the [[agni]] on proper time followed by drinking discoursed liquor in [[kapha]]ja madatyaya.
''Sauvarchala, jeeraka, vrikshamla, amlavetasa'' each one part, ''twak, ela, maricha'' each half part and sugar one part; all together powdered to formulate ''ashtanga lavana'' is an excellent appetizer and cleanser for ''strotas''; shall be administered in ''kaphaja madatyaya''.
''Sauvarchala, jeeraka, vrikshamla, amlavetasa'' each one part, ''twak, ela, maricha'' each half part and sugar one part; all together powdered to formulate ''ashtanga lavana'' is an excellent appetizer and cleanser for ''strotas''; shall be administered in [[kapha]]ja madatyaya.
This formulation made into liquid by addition of sweet and sour juices in optimum quantity shall be advised as ''adjuvant'' to the preparation of wheat and barley as well as meat to make more palatable.
This formulation made into liquid by addition of sweet and sour juices in optimum quantity shall be advised as ''adjuvant'' to the preparation of wheat and barley as well as meat to make more palatable.
''Ragas'' can be prepared individually by the pulp of ''amalaka'' (Indian Gooseberry), adding ''dhanyaka'' (coriander seeds), ''sauvarchala, jeeraka, karavi'' and ''maricha'' (Black pepper) along with jaggery and ''madhu''(honey); so that it becomes clear, sour and sweet; which makes food palatable and easy to digest.
''Ragas'' can be prepared individually by the pulp of ''amalaka'' (Indian Gooseberry), adding ''dhanyaka'' (coriander seeds), ''sauvarchala, jeeraka, karavi'' and ''maricha'' (Black pepper) along with jaggery and ''madhu''(honey); so that it becomes clear, sour and sweet; which makes food palatable and easy to digest.
''Madatyaya'' predominant in ''kapha'' gets pacified early by the use of arid, hot food and drinks, hot water bath, physical exercise, agile things, awakening till late night, anointing, scrubbing of the body which improves ''prana'' (vitality) and complexion.
''Madatyaya'' predominant in [[kapha]] gets pacified early by the use of arid, hot food and drinks, hot water bath, physical exercise, agile things, awakening till late night, anointing, scrubbing of the body which improves ''prana'' (vitality) and complexion.
[[Kapha]]ja madatyaya gets quickly pacified with use of heavy and even light weight garments, with ''samvahana'' (deep massage) created contraction (and relaxation) with warmth, pleasurable to the body by well trained female masseur. [164-188]
=== Management of ''sannipata'' ===
=== Management of ''sannipata'' ===
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This regimen is described here according to individual ''dosha'' severity. The same with permutation and combinations can be applied by physician in ten types of ''sannipata''( mixed variety of ''dosha'' aggravation).
This regimen is described here according to individual [[dosha]] severity. The same with permutation and combinations can be applied by physician in ten types of ''sannipata''( mixed variety of [[dosha]] aggravation).
One who understands permutations and combinations of ''dosha'', medicines, and prognosis can differentiate between curable and non-curable diseases and treat. [189-190]
One who understands permutations and combinations of [[dosha]], medicines, and prognosis can differentiate between curable and non-curable diseases and treat. [189-190]
=== ''Harshana chikitsa'' (Exhileration treatment) ===
=== ''Harshana chikitsa'' (Exhileration treatment) ===
In case ''madatyaya'' does not get pacified with these explained regimens in methods of liquor consumption, milk shall be prescribed.
In case ''madatyaya'' does not get pacified with these explained regimens in methods of liquor consumption, milk shall be prescribed.
With withdrawal of liquor, when ''kapha'' is diminished and debility and agility occurs due to fasting, and purifying metabolism of toxins, alleviating measures and ''vata pitta'' get dominant in the person wreaked with liquor, the milk acts as a boon like the rains for the tree in intense summer.
With withdrawal of liquor, when [[kapha]] is diminished and debility and agility occurs due to fasting, and purifying metabolism of toxins, alleviating measures and [[vata]] [[pitta]] get dominant in the person wreaked with liquor, the milk acts as a boon like the rains for the tree in intense summer.
When the disease is removed by the use of milk and strength is regained the use of milk shall be discontinued and liquor consumption can be resumed in smaller quantities gradually.[195-198]
When the disease is removed by the use of milk and strength is regained the use of milk shall be discontinued and liquor consumption can be resumed in smaller quantities gradually.[195-198]
The management of these is similar to the management of ''vatika madatyaya''.
The management of these is similar to the management of ''vatika madatyaya''.
[[Basti]], consumption of ghee and milk with ghee, massage, bath suitable food and drink are [[vata]] pacifying. ''Dhwansaka'' and ''Vikshaya'' subside by this regimen. The drinking disorders will not occur in the person who drinks liquor properly.[199-205]
=== Prevention of diseases ===
=== Prevention of diseases ===
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
*The degree of effect and duration of intoxication due to liquor consumption will be extensive if the person consumes liquor similar to his constitution. The principle which has been described in the first chapter of [[Sutra Sthana]] emphasizes the use of opposite (''viruddha guna'') quality substances to pacify the agitated state of ''dosha''. Therefore, it is advised to drink liquor of opposite quality for respective (''prakriti'')constitution.
*The degree of effect and duration of intoxication due to liquor consumption will be extensive if the person consumes liquor similar to his constitution. The principle which has been described in the first chapter of [[Sutra Sthana]] emphasizes the use of opposite (''viruddha guna'') quality substances to pacify the agitated state of [[dosha]]. Therefore, it is advised to drink liquor of opposite quality for respective ([[Prakriti]])constitution.
*Liquor prepared by multiple ingredients carry multiple qualities and multiple actions, characterized by advantages and disadvantages.
*Liquor prepared by multiple ingredients carry multiple qualities and multiple actions, characterized by advantages and disadvantages.
*Liquor by nature is similar to food. It is like ambrosia for the one who drinks as per the guidelines, in optimum quantity, at suitable time, with advisable diet, as per the capacity and with exhilaration. On the contrary, it will be like poison for the one who indulges in excessive drinking any kind of liquor.
*Liquor by nature is similar to food. It is like ambrosia for the one who drinks as per the guidelines, in optimum quantity, at suitable time, with advisable diet, as per the capacity and with exhilaration. On the contrary, it will be like poison for the one who indulges in excessive drinking any kind of liquor.
*Appropriate ''madya'' for ''vatika'' person is that which is prepared predominantly by jaggery and flour. For ''kapha'' and ''pitta'' predominant person ''madya'' prepared by grapes and honey is appropriate (to drink) respectively.
*Appropriate ''madya'' for ''vatika'' person is that which is prepared predominantly by jaggery and flour. For [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] predominant person ''madya'' prepared by grapes and honey is appropriate (to drink) respectively.
*Liquor counteracts the qualities of ''ojas'' (vital essence of body).
*Liquor counteracts the qualities of [[ojas]] (vital essence of body).
*It affects the mental strength, intellect and senses.
*It affects the mental strength, intellect and senses.
*The liquor shall always be consumed with understanding of six triads of the food, drink, age, disease, strength, and time; as well as ''tridosha'' and three psyches (described in earlier chapters).
*The liquor shall always be consumed with understanding of six triads of the food, drink, age, disease, strength, and time; as well as tri[[dosha]] and three psyches (described in earlier chapters).
*While drinking, one should know the people following ''sattvika, rajasika'' and ''tamasika'' way of drinking and try to be at distance from such companions due to whom one may suffer by bad effects of liquor consumption.
*While drinking, one should know the people following ''sattvika, rajasika'' and ''tamasika'' way of drinking and try to be at distance from such companions due to whom one may suffer by bad effects of liquor consumption.
*Alcoholism, of all types is ''tridoshaja''. Therefore, the ''dosha'' observed to be affected predominantly shall be treated initially. The treatment of alcoholism shall begin with the site of ''kapha''.
*Alcoholism, of all types is tri[[dosha]]ja. Therefore, the [[dosha]] observed to be affected predominantly shall be treated initially. The treatment of alcoholism shall begin with the site of [[kapha]].
*''Vata'' obstructed in ''strotas'' due to ''dosha'' vitiated by liquor causes intense pain in head, bones and joints. In such condition for dissolving ''dosha'', specific liquor should be administered since it has quality of quick absorption, sharpness and hot in spite of other remedial measure.
*[[Vata]] obstructed in ''strotas'' due to [[dosha]] vitiated by liquor causes intense pain in head, bones and joints. In such condition for dissolving [[dosha]], specific liquor should be administered since it has quality of quick absorption, sharpness and hot in spite of other remedial measure.
*The liquor clears the obstruction in the ''strotas'', carminates the ''vata'', improves delight, stimulates the ''agni'' and gets habituated by regular drinking.
*The liquor clears the obstruction in the ''strotas'', carminates the [[vata]], improves delight, stimulates the [[agni]] and gets habituated by regular drinking.
*Once the ''strotas'' in chest get clear, carmination of ''vata'', the diseases due to alcoholism also disappear.
*Once the ''strotas'' in chest get clear, carmination of [[vata]], the diseases due to alcoholism also disappear.
*Directives for drinking:
*Directives for drinking:
*An individual of ''vatika prakriti'' shall imbibe ''madya'' after ''abhyanga'' (massage), ''utsadana'' (rubbing with herbs), bathing, dressed up, holy incense, anulepanam (unguent) and unctuous hot food.
*An individual of vatika [[Prakriti]] shall imbibe ''madya'' after ''abhyanga'' (massage), ''utsadana'' (rubbing with herbs), bathing, dressed up, holy incense, anulepanam (unguent) and unctuous hot food.
*An individual of ''paittika prakriti'' shall undergo various cooling regimens; sweet, unctuous & cooling food to not get affected by ''madya'', the liquor.
*An individual of paittika [[Prakriti]] shall undergo various cooling regimens; sweet, unctuous & cooling food to not get affected by ''madya'', the liquor.
*An individual of ''kaphaja prakriti'' shall imbibe ''madya'' (the liquor) with warm regimens; drink ''yava'' (barley), wheat, meat of wild animals along with black pepper.
*An individual of [[kapha]]ja [[Prakriti]] shall imbibe ''madya'' (the liquor) with warm regimens; drink ''yava'' (barley), wheat, meat of wild animals along with black pepper.
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
=== Qualities of good liquor ===
=== Qualities of good liquor ===
The liquor consumption must be in optimal amount suitable to individual’s body constitution and should not cause vitiation of ''dosha''.
The liquor consumption must be in optimal amount suitable to individual’s body constitution and should not cause vitiation of [[dosha]].
Good liquor is prepared from multiple ingredients of varied qualities which have diverse actions to help regulate the three ''doshas'' and prevent their vitiation, which may occur in case of use of single ingredient. Sushruta mentioned that the increase or decrease of the ''dosha'' is mainly influenced by the ingredients (''dravya'') of liquor. Therefore, manufacturing liquor with multi-component of varied quality substances will help to maintain state of homeostasis.
Good liquor is prepared from multiple ingredients of varied qualities which have diverse actions to help regulate the three [[dosha]] and prevent their vitiation, which may occur in case of use of single ingredient. Sushruta mentioned that the increase or decrease of the [[dosha]] is mainly influenced by the ingredients (''dravya'') of liquor. Therefore, manufacturing liquor with multi-component of varied quality substances will help to maintain state of homeostasis.
=== Features of intoxication ===
=== Features of intoxication ===
* In a study on 38 patients suffering from madatyaya,it is observed that Ashtanga lavana is effective followed by vamana (therapeutic emesis).<ref> Sadalagi Sheetal et.al.Effect of Vamana and Ashtanga Lavana in the management of Madatyaya. AYU;30(4)2009,pp. 463-468. available online from http://www.ayujournal.org/article.asp?issn=0974-8520;year=2009;volume=30;issue=4;spage=463;epage=468;aulast=Sadalagi;type=0 accessed on July 29,2019</ref>
* In a study on 38 patients suffering from madatyaya,it is observed that Ashtanga lavana is effective followed by vamana (therapeutic emesis).<ref> Sadalagi Sheetal et.al.Effect of Vamana and Ashtanga Lavana in the management of Madatyaya. AYU;30(4)2009,pp. 463-468. available online from http://www.ayujournal.org/article.asp?issn=0974-8520;year=2009;volume=30;issue=4;spage=463;epage=468;aulast=Sadalagi;type=0 accessed on July 29,2019</ref>
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== References ==
== References ==