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Line 1,192: − **Experience based clinical practices: + − ***Applied principles in management of disease conditions+ − ***Styptic agents to stop bleeding + − ***Binding agents for union of bones and injured tissues + − ***Nourishing regimen for depletion of body tissues + − ***Rejuvenation therapies + + Line 1,208:
Line 1,209: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − Name of medicine Dose Time of administration Anupana(vehicle)+ − 1.Laksha mixture 10-20 grams Frequently Vasavaleha − 2. Amruta prasha ghee 10 -20 grams After lunch and dinner Milk − 3. Suvarna malini vasanta 120-240 mg In between two meals Milk − 4. Lakshmi vilasa 60-120 mg In between two meals Milk − 5.Vanga mishrana 250 to 500 mg In between two meals Milk − Pathya or recommended diet: Light to digest food like shali rice, wheat, green gram, pomegranate, dry grapes, mango, amalaka, goat milk and ghee prepared of it, medicated milk, meat juice of goat+ − Pathya or recommended activity: Total bed rest − Apathya or contraindicated diet: Excess hot, pungent, salty food causing burning sensation, heavy to digest food. − Apathya or contraindicated activity: Over exertion, strenuous exercise, weight lifting etc. − Parallel management of chest injury: − Use of sandhaniya drugs like laksha (mainly indicated for the healing of fracture of bone) and madhuyashti clearly indicates that in kshata kshina there is external trauma (ribs fracture leading to pneumothorax) that should be managed with quick remedies. As only conservative management for the kshata- kshina is described, it excludes the possibility of surgical interventions in kshata-kshina in that era. However nowadays the surgical procedures like tube drainage with or without medical pleurodesis, vacuum-assisted thoracostomy (VATS) with pleurodesis and/or closure of leaks and bullectomy, and open surgical procedures such as thoracotomy for pleurectomy or pleurodesis) are conducted to decrease the chances of incurability of kshata ksheena. At the present time, it is necessary to elaborate the management of acute dreaded complications like pneumothorax and hematuria in separate chapter. − − • Exploring the clinical evidences for the immunomodulator and hemostatic properties of Sida Veronicaefolia Lam. (Nagabala). − • In vitro and in-vivo evaluation of hemostatic property of Boerhavia diffusa and clinical demonstration of its use in hemoptysis. − • Exploring the role of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and its relation with genetic suspectibility. − • Evaluating the role of laksha (Laccifer lacca) and madhuyasti (Glycyrrhiza glabra) in rehabilitating pulmonary tissues in acute pulmonary injury. − • Evaluating role of anti-oxidant drugs [like amalaki (Emblica officinalis)] and vitamin C in the management of chronic inflammatory as well as infectious pulmonary diseases. − Further reading: − [1] Curtin SM, Tucker AM, Gens DR. Pneumothorax in sports: issues in recognition and follow-up care. Phys Sportsmed 2000;28:23 – 32. − [2] Miles JW, Barrett GR. Rib fractures in athletes. Sports Med 1991;12:66 – 9. − [3] Garcia VF, Gotschall CS, Eichelberger MR, Bowman LM. Rib fractures in children: a marker of severe trauma. J Trauma 1990;30:695 – 700. − [4] Armstrong CP, Vanderspuy J. The fractured scapula: importance in management based on series of 62 patients. Injury 1984;15:324 – 9. − [5] Ferro RT, McKeag DB. Neck pain and dyspnea in a swimmer. Phys Sports Med 1999;27. − [6] Neer II CS. Fractures about the shoulder. In: Rockwood Jr CA, Green DP, editors. Fractures. Philadelphia: JD Lippincott; 1984. p. 713 – 21. − [7] Pfeiffer RP, Young TR. Case report: spontaneous pneumothorax in a jogger. Phys Sportsmed 1980;8:65 – 7. − [8] Marnejon T, Sarac S, Cropp AJ. Spontaneous pneumothorax in weightlifters. J Sports Med − Phys Fitness 1995;35:124 – 6. − [9] Simoneaux SF, Murphy BJ, Tehranzadeh J. Spontaneous pneumothorax in a weightlifter. Am J Sports Med 1990;18:647 – 8. − [10] Harker CP, Neuman TS, Olson LK, et al. The roentgenographic findings associated with air − embolism in sport scuba divers. J Emerg Med 1993;11:443 – 9. − [11] Curtin SM, Tucker AM, Gens DR. Pneumothorax in sports: issues in recognition and follow-up care. Phys Sportsmed 2000;28:23 – 32. − [12] Partridge RA, Coley A, Bowie R, Woolard RH. Sports-related pneumothorax. Ann Emerg Med1997;30:539 – 41. − [13] Funk DA, McGanity PL, Hagemeier III KF, Schenck Jr RC. Pneumothorax in high school − football. Tex Med 1998;94:72 – 4. − [14] Ziser A, Vaananen A, Melamed Y. Diving and chronic spontaneous pneumothorax. Chest 1985;87:264 – 5. − [15] Belham GJ, Adler M. Pneumothorax in a boxer. Br J Sports Med 1985;19:45. − [16] Sadat-Ali M, Al-Arfaj AL, Mohanna J. Pneumothorax due to soccer injury. Br J Sports Med − 1986;20(2):91. − [17] Ciocca M. Pneumothorax in a weight lifter. Phys Sportsmed 2000;28. − [18] Harmer PA, Moriarty J, Walsh M, Bean M, Cramer J. Distant entry pneumothorax in a competitive fencer. Br J Sports Med 1996;30:265–6. − [20] Fischer RP, Flynn TC, Miller PW, Thompson DA. Scapular fractures and major ipsilateral upper torso injuries. Curr Concepts Trauma Care 1985;1:14– 6. − [21] Morgan EJ, Henderson DA. Pneumomediastinum as a complication of athletic competition. − Thorax 1981;36:155–6. − [22] O’Kane J, O’Kane E, Marquet J. Delayed complication of a rib fracture. Phys Sportsmed − 1998;26. − [23] Kizer KW, MacQuarrie MB. Pulmonary air leaks resulting from outdoor sports. A clinical series and literature review. Am J Sports Med 1999;27:517– 20. − [24] Volk CP, McFarland EG, Horsmon G. Pneumothorax: on field recognition. Phys Sportsmed − 1995;23:43 – 6. − [25]. Pasternak, M.S., & Rubin, R.H. (2001). Urinary tract tuberculosis. In R.W. Schrier (Ed.), Diseases of the kidney and urinary tract. (7th ed.) (pp. 1017-1037). Philadelphia: Lippincott Wil liams & Wilkins. − [26]. Gibson, M.S., Puckett, M.L., & Shelly, M.E. (2004). Renal tuberculosis. RadioGraphics, 24, 251-256. − [27]. Anwar, N., & Azher, A. (2002). Tuberculosis in a solitary kidney. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 41(4), 173-174. − [28]. Soliman, M.S., Lessnau, K., & Hashmat, A. (2006). Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system. Retrieved March 11,2007, from http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3073..htm. − [29]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Controlling tuberculosis in the United States. Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Reports (MMWR): Recommended Reports 54 (RR-12), 1-77. − [30]. Khan, A.N., Chandramohan, M., & MacDonald, S. (2004, November 5). Tuberculosis, genitourinary tract. Retrieved March 11, 2007from http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic721.ht − [31] Ahmed, M., & Murty, K. V. (2003). Isolated tuberculous pyonephrosis of a native kidney in a renal allograft recipient,an unusual manifestation of tuberculosis – A case report. Indian Journal of Nephrology, 13, 75-79. − [32]. Kenney, P.J. (1990). Imaging of chronic renal infections. American Journal of Radiology, 155, 485-494. − [33]. Christensen, W. (1974). Genitourinary tuberculosis: Review of 102 cases. Medicine (Baltimore), 53, 377-390. − [34] Kathuria, P; Sanghera, P; Stevenson, FT; Sharma, S; Lederer, E; Lohr, JW; Talavera, F; Verrelli, M (21 May 2013). "Goodpasture Syndrome Clinical Presentation". In Batuman, C. Medscape Reference. WebMD. Retrieved 14 March 2014. − [35] Schwarz, MI (November 2013). "Goodpasture Syndrome: Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome". Merck Manual Professional. Retrieved 14 March 2014. − [36] Seo P, Stone JH (July 2004). "The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides". Am. J. Med. 117 (1): 39–50. − [37] Berden, A; Göçeroglu, A; Jayne, D; Luqmani, R; Rasmussen, N; Bruijn, JA; Bajema, I (January 2012). "Diagnosis and management of ANCA associated vasculitis.". BMJ 344: e26. − [38] Pandey Manisha, Sonker Kanchan, Kanoujia Jovita, Koshy M. K., Saraf Shubhini A. Sida Veronicaefolia as a Source of Natural Antioxidant. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 2009; 1(3): 180-182. − [39]Bhattacharya A, Chatterjee A, Ghosal S, Bhattacharya SK. Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla). Indian J Exp Biol. 1999 Jul;37(7):676-80. − === Future Scope for Research ===+ + + + + − • Exploring the clinical evidences for the immunomodulator and hemostatic properties of Sida Veronicaefolia Lam. (Nagabala).+ − • In vitro and in-vivo evaluation of hemostatic property of Boerhavia diffusa and clinical demonstration of its use in hemoptysis.+ − • Exploring the role of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and its relation with genetic suspectibility.+ − • Evaluating the role of Laksha (Laccifer lacca) and Madhuyasti (Glycyrrhiza glabra) in rehabiliting pulmory tissues in acute pulmonary injury.+ − • Evaluating role of anti-oxidant drugs [like amalaki (Emblica officinalis)] and vitamin C in the management of chronic inflammatory as well as infectious pulmonary diseases. + − Further reading: + − [1] Curtin SM, Tucker AM, Gens DR. Pneumothorax in sports: issues in recognition and follow-up care. Phys Sportsmed 2000;28:23 – 32.+ − [2] Miles JW, Barrett GR. Rib fractures in athletes. Sports Med 1991;12:66 – 9.+ − [3] Garcia VF, Gotschall CS, Eichelberger MR, Bowman LM. Rib fractures in children: a marker of severe trauma. J Trauma 1990;30:695 – 700.+ − [4] Armstrong CP, Vanderspuy J. The fractured scapula: importance in management based on series of 62 patients. Injury 1984;15:324 – 9.+ − [5] Ferro RT, McKeag DB. Neck pain and dyspnea in a swimmer. Phys Sports Med 1999;27.+ − [6] Neer II CS. Fractures about the shoulder. In: Rockwood Jr CA, Green DP, editors. Fractures. Philadelphia: JD Lippincott; 1984. p. 713 – 21.+ − [7] Pfeiffer RP, Young TR. Case report: spontaneous pneumothorax in a jogger. Phys Sportsmed 1980;8:65 – 7.+ − [8] Marnejon T, Sarac S, Cropp AJ. Spontaneous pneumothorax in weightlifters. J Sports Med+ − + − [9] Simoneaux SF, Murphy BJ, Tehranzadeh J. Spontaneous pneumothorax in a weightlifter. Am J Sports Med 1990;18:647 – 8.+ − [10] Harker CP, Neuman TS, Olson LK, et al. The roentgenographic findings associated with air+ − embolism in sport scuba divers. J Emerg Med 1993;11:443 – 9.+ − [11] Curtin SM, Tucker AM, Gens DR. Pneumothorax in sports: issues in recognition and follow-up care. Phys Sportsmed 2000;28:23 – 32.+ − [12] Partridge RA, Coley A, Bowie R, Woolard RH. Sports-related pneumothorax. Ann Emerg Med1997;30:539 – 41.+ − [13] Funk DA, McGanity PL, Hagemeier III KF, Schenck Jr RC. Pneumothorax in high school+ − football. Tex Med 1998;94:72 – 4.+ − [14] Ziser A, Vaananen A, Melamed Y. Diving and chronic spontaneous pneumothorax. Chest 1985;87:264 – 5.+ − [15] Belham GJ, Adler M. Pneumothorax in a boxer. Br J Sports Med 1985;19:45.+ − [16] Sadat-Ali M, Al-Arfaj AL, Mohanna J. Pneumothorax due to soccer injury. Br J Sports Med+ − 1986;20(2):91.+ − [17] Ciocca M. Pneumothorax in a weight lifter. Phys Sportsmed 2000;28.+ − [18] Harmer PA, Moriarty J, Walsh M, Bean M, Cramer J. Distant entry pneumothorax in a competitive fencer. Br J Sports Med 1996;30:265–6.+ − [20] Fischer RP, Flynn TC, Miller PW, Thompson DA. Scapular fractures and major ipsilateral upper torso injuries. Curr Concepts Trauma Care 1985;1:14– 6.+ − [21] Morgan EJ, Henderson DA. Pneumomediastinum as a complication of athletic competition.+ − Thorax 1981;36:155–6.+ − [22] O’Kane J, O’Kane E, Marquet J. Delayed complication of a rib fracture. Phys Sportsmed+ − 1998;26.+ − [23] Kizer KW, MacQuarrie MB. Pulmonary air leaks resulting from outdoor sports. A clinical series and literature review. Am J Sports Med 1999;27:517– 20.+ − [24] Volk CP, McFarland EG, Horsmon G. Pneumothorax: on field recognition. Phys Sportsmed+ − 1995;23:43 – 6.+ − [25]. Pasternak, M.S., & Rubin, R.H. (2001). Urinary tract tuberculosis. In R.W. Schrier (Ed.), Diseases of the kidney and urinary tract. (7th ed.) (pp. 1017-1037). Philadelphia: Lippincott Wil liams & Wilkins.+ − [26]. Gibson, M.S., Puckett, M.L., & Shelly, M.E. (2004). Renal tuberculosis. RadioGraphics, 24, 251-256.+ − [27]. Anwar, N., & Azher, A. (2002). Tuberculosis in a solitary kidney. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 41(4), 173-174.+ − [28]. Soliman, M.S., Lessnau, K., & Hashmat, A. (2006). Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system. Retrieved March 11,2007, from http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3073..htm.+ − [29]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Controlling tuberculosis in the United States. Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Reports (MMWR): Recommended Reports 54 (RR-12), 1-77.+ − [30]. Khan, A.N., Chandramohan, M., & MacDonald, S. (2004, November 5). Tuberculosis, genitourinary tract. Retrieved March 11, 2007from http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic721.ht+ − [31] Ahmed, M., & Murty, K. V. (2003). Isolated tuberculous pyonephrosis of a native kidney in a renal allograft recipient,an unusual manifestation of tuberculosis – A case report. Indian Journal of Nephrology, 13, 75-79. + − [32]. Kenney, P.J. (1990). Imaging of chronic renal infections. American Journal of Radiology, 155, 485-494.+ − [33]. Christensen, W. (1974). Genitourinary tuberculosis: Review of 102 cases. Medicine (Baltimore), 53, 377-390.+ − [34] Kathuria, P; Sanghera, P; Stevenson, FT; Sharma, S; Lederer, E; Lohr, JW; Talavera, F; Verrelli, M (21 May 2013). "Goodpasture Syndrome Clinical Presentation". In Batuman, C. Medscape Reference. WebMD. Retrieved 14 March 2014. − [35] Schwarz, MI (November 2013). "Goodpasture Syndrome: Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome". Merck Manual Professional. Retrieved 14 March 2014. − [36] Seo P, Stone JH (July 2004). "The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides". Am. J. Med. 117 (1): 39–50. − [37] Berden, A; Göçeroglu, A; Jayne, D; Luqmani, R; Rasmussen, N; Bruijn, JA; Bajema, I (January 2012). "Diagnosis and management of ANCA associated vasculitis.". BMJ 344: e26. − [38] Pandey Manisha, Sonker Kanchan, Kanoujia Jovita, Koshy M. K., Saraf Shubhini A. Sida Veronicaefolia as a Source of Natural Antioxidant. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 2009; 1(3): 180-182. − [39]Bhattacharya A, Chatterjee A, Ghosal S, Bhattacharya SK. Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla). Indian J Exp Biol. 1999 Jul;37(7):676-80.
no edit summary
|label3= Succeeding Chapter
|label3= Succeeding Chapter
|data3 = [[Svayatu Chikitsa]]
|data3 = [[Shvayathu Chikitsa]]
|label5 = Other Sections
|label5 = Other Sections
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
}}
}}
==([[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 11, Chapter on the Management of Emaciation due to Trauma) ==
==[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 11, Chapter on the Management of ''Kshata-kshina'' (Emaciation due to Trauma) ==
=== Abstract ===
=== Abstract ===
The patient having injury to the chest and diminution of semen, should take ''sali'' rice mixed with ghee which latter is prepared of the milk boiled with ''nyagrodha, udumbara, ashvattha, plaksha, sala, priyangu,'' tuft of ''tala'', bark of ''jambu, priyala, padmaka'' and ''asvakarna''.
The patient having injury to the chest and diminution of semen, should take ''sali'' rice mixed with ghee which latter is prepared of the milk boiled with ''nyagrodha, udumbara, ashvattha, plaksha, sala, priyangu,'' tuft of ''tala'', bark of ''jambu, priyala, padmaka'' and ''asvakarna''.
===== ''Yashtvahvadi ghrita'' =====
===== ''Yashtyavahadi ghrita'' =====
Ghee should be cooked with equal quantity of milk, the decoction of ''madhuyashti'' and ''nagabala'' (four times of ghee in total), and the paste of ''payasya, pippali'' and ''vamshi'' (one fourth in total of ghee). The medicated ghee is useful in the treatment of ''kshata'' (injury to chest).
Ghee should be cooked with equal quantity of milk, the decoction of ''madhuyashti'' and ''nagabala'' (four times of ghee in total), and the paste of ''payasya, pippali'' and ''vamshi'' (one fourth in total of ghee). The medicated ghee is useful in the treatment of ''kshata'' (injury to chest).
ityagniveshakRute tantre~aprApte dRuDhabalapUrite cikitsitasthAne kShatakShINacikitsitaM nAmaikAdasho~adhyAyaH||11||
ityagniveshakRute tantre~aprApte dRuDhabalapUrite cikitsitasthAne kShatakShINacikitsitaM nAmaikAdasho~adhyAyaH||11||
Thus, ends the eleventh chapter (on the treatment of ''Kshatakshina'') of the [[Chikitsa Sthana]]; in the section on the therapeutics of Agnivesha’s work as redacted by Charaka and not being available, restored by Dridhabala.
Thus, ends the eleventh chapter (on the treatment of ''Kshatakshina'') of the [[Chikitsa Sthana]]; in the section on the therapeutics of Agnivesha’s work as redacted by Charak and not being available, restored by Dridhabala.
===''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===
===''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===
===== Management of disease =====
===== Management of disease =====
*Experience based clinical practices:
**Applied principles in management of disease conditions
**Styptic agents to stop bleeding
**Binding agents for union of bones and injured tissues
**Nourishing regimen for depletion of body tissues
**Rejuvenation therapies
====== ''Shodhana chikitsa'' (body purification treatments) and procedures ======
====== ''Shodhana chikitsa'' (body purification treatments) and procedures ======
Purification treatments are not indicated in this disease.
Purification treatments are not indicated in this disease.
====== ''Shamana chikitsa'' (pacification treatments) with list of formulations and medicines ======
====== ''Shamana chikitsa'' (pacification treatments) with list of formulations and medicines ======
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col"| S.No.
! scope="col"| Name of Medicine
! scope="col"| Dose
! scope="col"| Time of Administration
! scope="col"| Mode of Administration (''Anupana'')
|-
| 1
| ''Laksha Mixture''
| 10-20 grams
| Frequently
| ''Vasavaleha''
|-
| 2
| ''Amritaprasha ghee''
| 10-20 grams
| After meals
| Milk
|-
| 3
| ''Suvarna malini vasanta''
| 120-240 mg
| In between two meals
| Milk
|-
| 4
| ''Lakshmi Vilasa''
| 60-120 mg
| In between two meals
| Milk
|-
| 5
| ''Vanga mishrana''
| 250-500 mg
| In between two meals
| Milk
|}
*''Pathya'' or recommended diet: Light to digest food like ''shali'' rice, wheat, green gram, pomegranate, dry grapes, mango, ''amalaka'', goat milk and ghee prepared of it, medicated milk, meat juice of goat
*''Pathya'' or recommended activity: Total bed rest
*''Apathya'' or contraindicated diet: Excess hot, pungent, salty food causing burning sensation, heavy to digest food.
*''Apathya'' or contraindicated activity: Over exertion, strenuous exercise, weight lifting etc.
===== Parallel management of chest injury =====
Use of ''sandhaniya'' drugs like ''laksha'' (mainly indicated for the healing of fracture of bone) and ''madhuyashti'' clearly indicates that in ''kshatakshina'' there is external trauma (ribs fracture leading to pneumothorax) that should be managed with quick remedies. As only conservative management for the ''kshatakshina'' is described, it excludes the possibility of surgical interventions in ''kshatakshina'' in that era. However nowadays the surgical procedures like tube drainage with or without medical pleurodesis, vacuum-assisted thoracostomy (VATS) with pleurodesis and/or closure of leaks and bullectomy, and open surgical procedures such as thoracotomy for pleurectomy or pleurodesis) are conducted to decrease the chances of incurability of ''kshatakshina''. At the present time, it is necessary to elaborate the management of acute dreaded complications like pneumothorax and hematuria in separate chapter.
==== Future Scope for Research ====
Future Scope for Research:
*Exploring the clinical evidences for the immunomodulator and hemostatic properties of Sida Veronicaefolia Lam. (''Nagabala'').
*In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of hemostatic property of Boerhavia diffusa and clinical demonstration of its use in hemoptysis.
*Exploring the role of auto-antibodies in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and its relation with genetic suspectibility.
*Evaluating the role of ''laksha'' (Laccifer lacca) and ''madhuyasti'' (Glycyrrhiza glabra) in rehabilitating pulmonary tissues in acute pulmonary injury.
*Evaluating role of anti-oxidant drugs [like amalaki (Emblica officinalis)] and vitamin C in the management of chronic inflammatory as well as infectious pulmonary diseases.
=== Further reading ===
#Curtin SM, Tucker AM, Gens DR. Pneumothorax in sports: issues in recognition and follow-up care. Phys Sportsmed 2000;28:23 – 32.
#Miles JW, Barrett GR. Rib fractures in athletes. Sports Med 1991;12:66 – 9.
#Garcia VF, Gotschall CS, Eichelberger MR, Bowman LM. Rib fractures in children: a marker of severe trauma. J Trauma 1990;30:695 – 700.
#Armstrong CP, Vanderspuy J. The fractured scapula: importance in management based on series of 62 patients. Injury 1984;15:324 – 9.
#Ferro RT, McKeag DB. Neck pain and dyspnea in a swimmer. Phys Sports Med 1999;27.
#Neer II CS. Fractures about the shoulder. In: Rockwood Jr CA, Green DP, editors. Fractures. Philadelphia: JD Lippincott; 1984. p. 713 – 21.
#Pfeiffer RP, Young TR. Case report: spontaneous pneumothorax in a jogger. Phys Sportsmed 1980;8:65 – 7.
#Marnejon T, Sarac S, Cropp AJ. Spontaneous pneumothorax in weightlifters. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1995;35:124 – 6.
#Simoneaux SF, Murphy BJ, Tehranzadeh J. Spontaneous pneumothorax in a weightlifter. Am J Sports Med 1990;18:647 – 8.
#Harker CP, Neuman TS, Olson LK, et al. The roentgenographic findings associated with air embolism in sport scuba divers. J Emerg Med 1993;11:443 – 9.
#Curtin SM, Tucker AM, Gens DR. Pneumothorax in sports: issues in recognition and follow-up care. Phys Sportsmed 2000;28:23 – 32.
#Partridge RA, Coley A, Bowie R, Woolard RH. Sports-related pneumothorax. Ann Emerg Med1997;30:539 – 41.
Phys Fitness 1995;35:124 – 6.
#Funk DA, McGanity PL, Hagemeier III KF, Schenck Jr RC. Pneumothorax in high school football. Tex Med 1998;94:72 – 4.
#Ziser A, Vaananen A, Melamed Y. Diving and chronic spontaneous pneumothorax. Chest 1985;87:264 – 5.
#Belham GJ, Adler M. Pneumothorax in a boxer. Br J Sports Med 1985;19:45.
#Sadat-Ali M, Al-Arfaj AL, Mohanna J. Pneumothorax due to soccer injury. Br J Sports Med 1986;20(2):91.
#Ciocca M. Pneumothorax in a weight lifter. Phys Sportsmed 2000;28.
#Harmer PA, Moriarty J, Walsh M, Bean M, Cramer J. Distant entry pneumothorax in a competitive fencer. Br J Sports Med 1996;30:265–6.
#Fischer RP, Flynn TC, Miller PW, Thompson DA. Scapular fractures and major ipsilateral upper torso injuries. Curr Concepts Trauma Care 1985;1:14– 6.
#Morgan EJ, Henderson DA. Pneumomediastinum as a complication of athletic competition. Thorax 1981;36:155–6.
#O’Kane J, O’Kane E, Marquet J. Delayed complication of a rib fracture. Phys Sports med 1998;26.
#Kizer KW, MacQuarrie MB. Pulmonary air leaks resulting from outdoor sports. A clinical series and literature review. Am J Sports Med 1999;27:517– 20.
#Volk CP, McFarland EG, Horsmon G. Pneumothorax: on field recognition. Phys Sportsmed 1995;23:43 – 6.
#Pasternak, M.S., & Rubin, R.H. (2001). Urinary tract tuberculosis. In R.W. Schrier (Ed.), Diseases of the kidney and urinary tract. (7th ed.) (pp. 1017-1037). Philadelphia: Lippincott Wil liams & Wilkins.
#Gibson, M.S., Puckett, M.L., & Shelly, M.E. (2004). Renal tuberculosis. RadioGraphics, 24, 251-256.
#Anwar, N., & Azher, A. (2002). Tuberculosis in a solitary kidney. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 41(4), 173-174.
#Soliman, M.S., Lessnau, K., & Hashmat, A. (2006). Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system. Retrieved March 11,2007, from http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3073..htm.
#Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Controlling tuberculosis in the United States. Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Reports (MMWR): Recommended Reports 54 (RR-12), 1-77.
#Khan, A.N., Chandramohan, M., & MacDonald, S. (2004, November 5). Tuberculosis, genitourinary tract. Retrieved March 11, 2007from http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic721.ht
#Ahmed, M., & Murty, K. V. (2003). Isolated tuberculous pyonephrosis of a native kidney in a renal allograft recipient,an unusual manifestation of tuberculosis – A case report. Indian Journal of Nephrology, 13, 75-79.
#Kenney, P.J. (1990). Imaging of chronic renal infections. American Journal of Radiology, 155, 485-494.
#Christensen, W. (1974). Genitourinary tuberculosis: Review of 102 cases. Medicine (Baltimore), 53, 377-390.
#Kathuria, P; Sanghera, P; Stevenson, FT; Sharma, S; Lederer, E; Lohr, JW; Talavera, F; Verrelli, M (21 May 2013). "Goodpasture Syndrome Clinical Presentation". In Batuman, C. Medscape Reference. WebMD. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
#Schwarz, MI (November 2013). "Goodpasture Syndrome: Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome". Merck Manual Professional. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
#Seo P, Stone JH (July 2004). "The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides". Am. J. Med. 117 (1): 39–50.
#Berden, A; Göçeroglu, A; Jayne, D; Luqmani, R; Rasmussen, N; Bruijn, JA; Bajema, I (January 2012). "Diagnosis and management of ANCA associated vasculitis.". BMJ 344: e26.
#Pandey Manisha, Sonker Kanchan, Kanoujia Jovita, Koshy M. K., Saraf Shubhini A. Sida Veronicaefolia as a Source of Natural Antioxidant. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 2009; 1(3): 180-182.
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