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{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Kasa Chikitsa
|title=Kasa Chikitsa
|type=article
|type=article
}}
}}
<big>'''[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 18. Management of Kasa (Cough of various origins) </big>'''
<big>'''[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 18. Management of Kasa (Cough of various origins) </big>'''
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|label6 = Translator and commentator
|label6 = Translator and commentator
|data6 = Nesari T.,Mallya S.,Deole Y. S.
|data6 = Nesari T., Mallya S., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y. S.]]
|label7 = Reviewer
|label7 = Reviewer
|data7 = Prasad B.S., Mali P.
|data7 = Prasad B.S., Mali P.
|label8 = Editors
|label8 = Editors
|data8 = Singh G., Goyal M., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.
|data8 = Singh G., Goyal M., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]
|label9 = Year of publication
|label9 = Year of publication
|data9 = 2020
|data9 = 2020
}}
}}
<big>'''Abstract </big>'''
<big>'''Abstract </big>'''
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<p style="text-align:justify;">''Hikka, shwasa'' and ''kasa'' (hiccups, dyspnea and cough) are the three main diseases of ''pranavaha srotas'' (respiratory system). There are similarities in clinical presentation and management of these three. Therefore, these are described in sequence. ''Kasa'' is categorized in to five types based on its dominance of dosha and etiology. The vata dominant, pitta dominant and kapha dominant kasa are curable with proper medication. The other two types originating due to kshata (injury) and depletion of body constituents (kshaya) are palliable (yapya). Avoiding etiological factors (Nidana parivarjana), purification therapy ([[shodhana]]), pacification therapy ([[shamana]]), disease specific treatment (vyadhiahara [[rasayana]]) are principles of management for all types of ''kasa''. Administration of [[shodhana]] therapy is important. The reduction in persistent nature of illness with episodic exacerbation and the severity is possible if all modalities are followed in sequence.
''Hikka, shwasa'' and ''kasa'' (hiccups, dyspnea and cough) are the three main diseases of ''pranavaha srotas'' (respiratory system). There are similarities in clinical presentation and management of these three. Therefore, these are described in sequence. ''Kasa'' is categorized in to five types based on its dominance of dosha and etiology. The vata dominant, pitta dominant and kapha dominant kasa are curable with proper medication. The other two types originating due to kshata (injury) and depletion of body constituents (kshaya) are palliable (yapya). Avoiding etiological factors (Nidana parivarjana), purification therapy ([[shodhana]]), pacification therapy ([[shamana]]), disease specific treatment (vyadhiahara [[rasayana]]) are principles of management for all types of ''kasa''. Administration of [[shodhana]] therapy is important. The reduction in persistent nature of illness with episodic exacerbation and the severity is possible if all modalities are followed in sequence.
<br/><br/>
'''Keywords''': ''kasa'', cough, treatment of cough, respiratory diseases, kshataja, kshayaja, snehapana, [[vamana]], [[virechana]], vairechanika [[nasya]] (nasal catarrhal), [[dhumapana]] (medicated cigarettes).
'''Keywords''': ''kasa'', cough, treatment of cough, respiratory diseases, kshataja, kshayaja, snehapana, [[vamana]], [[virechana]], vairechanika [[nasya]] (nasal catarrhal), [[dhumapana]] (medicated cigarettes).
</div>
</p>
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
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</div></div>
As ''rukshata'' will be more prominent in [[vata]]ja type of ''kasa'' it should be treated with ''snehika upacharas. Ghrita pana,'' [[basti]], peya , yusha, ksheera, mamsa rasa etc should be prepared with [[vata]]ghna dravyas and is to be administered properly.
As dryness (rukshata) will be more prominent in [[vata]]ja type of ''kasa'', it should be treated with unctuous therapies (snehika upacharas). Ghrita pana,[[basti]], peya, yusha, ksheera, mamsa rasa etc. should be prepared with [[vata]]ghna dravya and is to be administered properly.
[[Abhyanga]], [[parisheka]] (sprinkling or pouring), snigdha sweda etc. should be followed appropriately.
If it is associated with constipation and flatulence should be treated with [[basti]]. If the person has dryness in the upper part of the body, and is associated with aggravated [[pitta]], then he should be given medicated [[ghrita]] after intake of food.
If the person has dryness of the upper part of the body associated with [[kapha]] aggravation, then he should be treated with snigdha [[virechana]].[32-34]
==== Kantakari ghrita ====
==== Kantakari ghrita ====
Two palas of each among ''dashamoola, swayamgupta, shankahpushpi, shati, bala, hasti pippali, apamarga, pippalimoola, chitraka, bharangi, pushkaramoola'' should be added with one ''adhaka'' of water, these drugs should be cooked till the grains of ''yava'' becomes soft. And then decoction should be strained out. These hundred fruits of ''abhaya'' should be added with above mentioned decoction, one ''tula'' of ''guda'', one ''kudava'' of ''ghrita, taila'' and powder of ''pippali''. This is to be cooked and after attaining coldness one ''kudava'' of ''makshika'' is to be added.
Two palas of each among ''dashamoola, swayamgupta, shankahpushpi, shati, bala, hasti pippali, apamarga, pippalimoola, chitraka, bharangi, pushkaramoola'' should be added with one ''adhaka'' of water, these drugs should be cooked till the grains of ''yava'' becomes soft. And then decoction should be strained out. These hundred fruits of ''abhaya'' should be added with above mentioned decoction, one ''tula'' of ''guda'', one ''kudava'' of ''ghrita, taila'' and powder of ''pippali''. This is to be cooked and after attaining coldness one ''kudava'' of ''makshika'' is to be added.
Intake of two fruits of ''haritaki'' along with ''leha'' daily is considered as ''rasayana''. It removes ''vali, phalita''; increases ''varna, ayu'' and ''bala''. Beneficial in ''panchakasa, kshaya, shwaasa, hikka, vishamajwara, arshas, grahani, hridroga, aruchi, pinasa''. This excellent formulation is propounded by Agastya and is auspicious.
Intake of two fruits of ''haritaki'' along with ''leha'' daily is considered as [[rasayana]]. It removes ''vali, palita''; increases [[varna]], [[ayu]] and [[bala]]. Beneficial in ''panchakasa, kshaya, shwaasa, hikka, vishamajwara, arshas, grahani, hridroga, aruchi, pinasa''. This excellent formulation is propounded by Agastya and is auspicious.
Thus, ends the description of ''Agastya-haritaki''.[57-62]
Thus, ends the description of ''Agastya-haritaki''.[57-62]
Intake of ''shashtikashali, shali, yava, godhuma'' along with the ''mamsa rasa'' or ''yusha'' prepared out of ''masha'' or ''Atmagupta'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa. Peya'' prepared out of ''yavani, pippali, bilwa, nagara, chitraka, rasna, ajaji, prithakparni, palasha, shati'' and ''pushkaramoola'' by adding ''snigdha, amla'' and ''lavana dravyas'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa''. This particular ''peya'' is helpful in curing ''vataja kasa'' associated with ''shoola'' in ''kati, parshwa, koshta, hikka'' and ''shwasa''.
Intake of ''shashtikashali, shali, yava, godhuma'' along with the ''mamsa rasa'' or ''yusha'' prepared out of ''masha'' or ''Atmagupta'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa. Peya'' prepared out of ''yavani, pippali, bilwa, nagara, chitraka, rasna, ajaji, prithakparni, palasha, shati'' and ''pushkaramoola'' by adding ''snigdha, amla'' and ''lavana dravyas'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa''. This particular ''peya'' is helpful in curing ''vataja kasa'' associated with ''shoola'' in ''kati, parshwa, koshta, hikka'' and ''shwasa''.
Intake of ''peya'' prepared with ''dashamoola kashaya'' by adding the powder of ''panchakola'' and ''gud'' is specifically useful in ''vataja kasa''. Similarly the ''peya'' prepared by adding equal quantity of ''tila'' and boiled by adding ''ksheera'' is also useful in this ''kasa''.
Intake of ''peya'' prepared with ''dashamoola kashaya'' by adding the powder of ''panchakola'' and ''gud'' is specifically useful in [[vata]]ja kasa. Similarly the ''peya'' prepared by adding equal quantity of ''tila'' and boiled by adding ''ksheera'' is also useful in this ''kasa''.
''Peya'' prepared out of ''matsya, kukkuta, varaha mamsa'' by adding ''ghrita'' and ''saindhava lavana'' should be taken by a person suffering from ''vataja kasa''. Vegetables like ''vastuka, vayasi, mulaka, sunishannaka'' should be used in ''vataja kasa'' along with adequate quantity of ''sneha, kshera, ikshurasa'' and ''gud''. ''Aranala, amla phala, prasanna'' etc foods and drinks which are ''madhura, amla, lavana'' in nature are useful in ''vataja kasa''.[76-82]
''Peya'' prepared out of ''matsya, kukkuta, varaha mamsa'' by adding ''ghrita'' and ''saindhava lavana'' should be taken by a person suffering from ''vataja kasa''. Vegetables like ''vastuka, vayasi, mulaka, sunishannaka'' should be used in ''vataja kasa'' along with adequate quantity of ''sneha, kshera, ikshurasa'' and ''gud''. ''Aranala, amla phala, prasanna'' etc foods and drinks which are ''madhura, amla, lavana'' in nature are useful in ''vataja kasa''.[76-82]
=== Management of pitta dosha dominant kasa ===
=== Management of [[pitta]] [[dosha]] dominant kasa ===
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If ''pittaja kasa'' is associated with the aggravation of ''kapha'', then ''vamanakarma'' is to be advised with ''ghrita'' or using the ''kashaya'' prepared out of ''madana, kashmari, madhuka''. ''Vamana'' can also be induced by using the ''klaka'' of ''madanaphal'' and ''madhuyashti'' along with ''vidari'' and ''ikshurasa''. Once after the elimination of aggravated ''doshas'' he should be treated with ''sheeta'' and ''madhura aharas''.
If [[pitta]]ja kasa is associated with the aggravation of [[kapha]], then [[vamana]] karma is to be advised with ''ghrita'' or using the ''kashaya'' prepared out of ''madana, kashmari, madhuka''. [[Vamana]] can also be induced by using the ''klaka'' of ''madanaphal'' and ''madhuyashti'' along with ''vidari'' and ''ikshurasa''. Once after the elimination of aggravated ''doshas'' he should be treated with ''sheeta'' and ''madhura aharas''.
If in ''pittaja kasa'' the phlegm is thin then ''virechana'' is to be advised using ''trivrita'' mixed with ''madhura dravyas'', followed by ''snigdha'' and ''sheeta ahara''. Whereas if the phlegm is thick then ''trivrita'' is to be mixed with ''tiktha dravyas'', followed by ''ruksha'' and ''sheeta dravyas''.
If in [[pitta]]ja kasa the phlegm is thin then [[virechana]] is to be advised using ''trivrita'' mixed with ''madhura dravyas'', followed by ''snigdha'' and ''sheeta ahara''. Whereas if the phlegm is thick then ''trivrita'' is to be mixed with ''tiktha dravyas'', followed by ''ruksha'' and ''sheeta dravyas''.
After proper ''shodhana'' therapy person should be treated with ''snigdha leha kalpanas''.
After proper ''shodhana'' therapy person should be treated with ''snigdha leha kalpanas''.
Following five formulations have been advised for ''pittaja kasa'' along with ''ghrita'' and ''kshoudra'' and made into the form of ''leha'':
Following five formulations have been advised for [[pitta]]ja kasa along with ''ghrita'' and ''kshoudra'' and made into the form of ''leha'':
#''Shringataka, padma beeja, sara'' of ''nili,'' and ''pippali''
#''Shringataka, padma beeja, sara'' of ''nili,'' and ''pippali''
#''Pippali, musta, yashtimadhu, draksha, murva, mahoushadha''
#''Pippali, musta, yashtimadhu, draksha, murva, mahoushadha''
#''Kharjuara, pippali, vamshalochana, shwadamshtra''
#''Kharjuara, pippali, vamshalochana, shwadamshtra''
If ''kasa'' is exclusively of ''pitta'', then the patient should be given the combination of ''sharkara, chanadana, draksha, madhu, dhatriphala'' and ''utpala''. If there is association of ''kapha,'' then he should administer this along with ''musta'' and ''maricha.'' If however, it is associated with ''vata'', then it should be used with ''ghrita''.
If ''kasa'' is exclusively of ''pitta'', then the patient should be given the combination of ''sharkara, chanadana, draksha, madhu, dhatriphala'' and ''utpala''. If there is association of [[kapha]], then he should administer this along with ''musta'' and ''maricha.'' If however, it is associated with [[vata]], then it should be used with ''ghrita''.
Fifty fruits of ''mridvika,'' thirty fruits of ''pippali'' and one ''pala'' of sugar should be added with ''madhu'', and given to the patient suffering from ''pittaja kasa''.
Fifty fruits of ''mridvika,'' thirty fruits of ''pippali'' and one ''pala'' of sugar should be added with ''madhu'', and given to the patient suffering from ''pittaja kasa''.
Administration of ''madhu'' either with cows milk or urine is beneficial in ''pittaja kasa''. But during this therapy patient should drink only milk. The ''leha'' prepared out of ''twak, ela, shunthi, pippali, maricha, mridvika, pippalimula, pushkaramula, laja, musta, shati, rasna, dhatriphala'' and ''bibhitaka'' along with ''sharkara, madhu'' and ''ghrita'' cures ''kasa, shwasa, hikka, kshaya, hridroga. Pippali, amalaki, draksha, lakshai, laja'' and ''sitopala'' should be cooked by adding milk. When it becomes cool , one eighth part of ''madhu'' should be added. This is indicated in ''kasa''. Intake of the liquid prepared out ''vidari, ikshu, mrinala, ksheera'' and ''sitopala'' mixed with ''madhu'' cures ''pittaja kasa'' effectively. Intake of ''yusha'' prepared out of ''shyamaka, yavaka, kodrava, mudga'' along with sweet ''jangal mamsa rasa'' along with ''tiktha shaka'' is beneficial in ''pittaja kasa''. If the phlegm is thick then the patient should be administered with ''lehas'' prepared out of ''tiktha rasa dravyas'' along with ''madhu''. If the phlegm is thin, then the patient should be given with ''shali'' and ''shashtika shali'' along with ''mamsa rasa''.
Administration of ''madhu'' either with cows milk or urine is beneficial in [[pitta]]ja kasa. But during this therapy patient should drink only milk. The ''leha'' prepared out of ''twak, ela, shunthi, pippali, maricha, mridvika, pippalimula, pushkaramula, laja, musta, shati, rasna, dhatriphala'' and ''bibhitaka'' along with ''sharkara, madhu'' and ''ghrita'' cures ''kasa, shwasa, hikka, kshaya, hridroga. Pippali, amalaki, draksha, lakshai, laja'' and ''sitopala'' should be cooked by adding milk. When it becomes cool , one eighth part of ''madhu'' should be added. This is indicated in ''kasa''. Intake of the liquid prepared out ''vidari, ikshu, mrinala, ksheera'' and ''sitopala'' mixed with ''madhu'' cures [[pitta]]ja kasa effectively. Intake of ''yusha'' prepared out of ''shyamaka, yavaka, kodrava, mudga'' along with sweet ''jangal mamsa rasa'' along with ''tiktha shaka'' is beneficial in ''pittaja kasa''. If the phlegm is thick then the patient should be administered with ''lehas'' prepared out of ''tiktha rasa dravyas'' along with ''madhu''. If the phlegm is thin, then the patient should be given with ''shali'' and ''shashtika shali'' along with ''mamsa rasa''.
In this ''pittaja kasa'' drink prepared out of ''sharkara, draksha, ikshurasa'' and milk are beneficial. All things which are ''madhura, sheeta'' and ''avidahi'' should be used.
In this [[pitta]]ja kasa drink prepared out of ''sharkara, draksha, ikshurasa'' and milk are beneficial. All things which are ''madhura, sheeta'' and ''avidahi'' should be used.
Dishes like ''mamsa rasa, ksheera, yusha'' etc prepared out of ''kakoli, brihati, meda, mahameda, vasa'' and ''nagara'' are to be used in ''pittaja kasa''. Similarly milk boiled with ''sharadi panchamoola''(Trinapanchamoola), ''pippali, draksha'' along with ''madhu'' and ''sharkara'' should be taken in ''pittaja kasa'' .
Dishes like ''mamsa rasa, ksheera, yusha'' etc prepared out of ''kakoli, brihati, meda, mahameda, vasa'' and ''nagara'' are to be used in [[pitta]]ja kasa. Similarly milk boiled with ''sharadi panchamoola''(Trinapanchamoola), ''pippali, draksha'' along with ''madhu'' and ''sharkara'' should be taken in [[pitta]]ja kasa.
Milk boiled with ''sthira, sita, prashniparni, sharavani, brihati, kantakari, jivaka, rshabhaka, kakoli, tamalaki, rddhi'' and ''jivaka'' is useful in the treatment of ''kasa, jwara, daha, kshata'' and ''kshaya''.
Milk boiled with ''sthira, sita, prashniparni, sharavani, brihati, kantakari, jivaka, rshabhaka, kakoli, tamalaki, rddhi'' and ''jivaka'' is useful in the treatment of ''kasa, jwara, daha, kshata'' and ''kshaya''.
The ''ghrita'' collected from the above mentioned should be added with milk, ''ikshu rasa'' and the paste of three ''karsas'' of each of the ''madhura dravya'' belonging to ''jivaneeya'' group, fruits of ''abhishuka'' etc and cooked. The ''ghrita'' should then be filtered out and made to cool. To this the powder of ''sharkara, pippali, tvak-kshiri, maricha , shringatak'' and ''madhu'' should be added. This paste should be added with wheat-flour and ''gud'' (''sarpi gud'') should be prepared out of it. Intake of this cures ''shukra'' and ''asrig dosha, shosha, kasa , kshataksheena'' etc.
The ''ghrita'' collected from the above mentioned should be added with milk, ''ikshu rasa'' and the paste of three ''karsas'' of each of the ''madhura dravya'' belonging to ''jivaneeya'' group, fruits of ''abhishuka'' etc and cooked. The ''ghrita'' should then be filtered out and made to cool. To this the powder of ''sharkara, pippali, tvak-kshiri, maricha , shringatak'' and ''madhu'' should be added. This paste should be added with wheat-flour and ''gud'' (''sarpi gud'') should be prepared out of it. Intake of this cures ''shukra'' and ''asrig dosha, shosha, kasa , kshataksheena'' etc.
Fine paste of ''sharkara, nagara, udeechya, kantakari, shati'' should be prepared and is to be filtered through a cloth. This liquid is to be used for the ''ghrita murchana''. This ''murchita ghrita'' cures ''pittaja kasa''.
Fine paste of ''sharkara, nagara, udeechya, kantakari, shati'' should be prepared and is to be filtered through a cloth. This liquid is to be used for the ''ghrita murchana''. This ''murchita ghrita'' cures [[pitta]]ja kasa.
''Ghrita'' should be cooked with ''mahisha, aja'' and cows milk, along with ''dhatri phala rasa'', all taken in equal quantity. Intake of this ''ghrita'' in appropriate quantity cures ''pittaja kasa''.
''Ghrita'' should be cooked with ''mahisha, aja'' and cows milk, along with ''dhatri phala rasa'', all taken in equal quantity. Intake of this ''ghrita'' in appropriate quantity cures [[pitta]]ja kasa.
Thus ends the description of ''pittaja kasa''. [83-107]
Thus ends the description of [[pitta]]ja kasa. [83-107]
=== Management of kapha dosha dominant kasa ===
=== Management of [[kapha]] [[dosha]] dominant kasa ===
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If the person suffering from ''kaphaja kasa'' is strong, then he should follow ''shodhana'' procedure by means of ''vamana''. There after he should be given with ''yava'' and such other ''kaphaghna'' food which are ''katu, ruksha'' and ''ushna'' in nature.
If the person suffering from [[kapha]]ja kasa is strong, then he should follow ''shodhana'' procedure by means of [[vamana]]. There after he should be given with ''yava'' and such other [[kapha]]ghna food which are ''katu, ruksha'' and ''ushna'' in nature.
The person should take ''laghu ahara'' with the ''yusha'' prepared out of ''kulattha, pippali, kshara, mulaka'' or with the ''mamsa rasa'' of animals of arid zone/ ''bilehsya'' etc. mixed with ''katu rasadravya, srashapataila'' and ''bilva''.
The person should take ''laghu ahara'' with the ''yusha'' prepared out of ''kulattha, pippali, kshara, mulaka'' or with the ''mamsa rasa'' of animals of arid zone/ ''bilehsya'' etc. mixed with ''katu rasadravya, srashapataila'' and ''bilva''.
Drinks such as ''madhu, amala rasa,'' warm water, butter milk or harmless ''madya'' are preferred in ''kaphaja kasa''. Roots of ''pushkaramoola, argwadha, patola, tinisha'' should be kept in water for whole night. Next morning water should be strained out and added with ''madhu''. This should be taken before, during and after food. [108-111]
Drinks such as ''madhu, amala rasa,'' warm water, butter milk or harmless ''madya'' are preferred in [[kapha]]ja kasa. Roots of ''pushkaramoola, argwadha, patola, tinisha'' should be kept in water for whole night. Next morning water should be strained out and added with ''madhu''. This should be taken before, during and after food. [108-111]
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Decoction prepared by boiling drugs such as ''katphala, kuttrana, bharangi, musta, dhanyaka, vacha, abhaya, shunthi, parpata, shrungi'' and ''surahva'' is to be used in ''kasa'' associated with ''vata'' and ''kapha'' along with ''madhu'' and ''hingu''. This is also beneficial in ''kantharoga, mukha roga, shoola, shwasa, hikka'' and ''jwara''.
Decoction prepared by boiling drugs such as ''katphala, kuttrana, bharangi, musta, dhanyaka, vacha, abhaya, shunthi, parpata, shrungi'' and ''surahva'' is to be used in ''kasa'' associated with [[vata]] and [[kapha]] along with ''madhu'' and ''hingu''. This is also beneficial in ''kantharoga, mukha roga, shoola, shwasa, hikka'' and ''jwara''.
''Patha, shunthi, shati, murva, gavakshi, musta'' and ''pippali'' paste taken along with hot water by adding ''hingu'' and ''saindhava'' cures ''kasa''. Similarly administration of ''nagara, ativisha, musta, karkatashringi, haritaki'' and ''shati'' is also beneficial.
''Patha, shunthi, shati, murva, gavakshi, musta'' and ''pippali'' paste taken along with hot water by adding ''hingu'' and ''saindhava'' cures ''kasa''. Similarly administration of ''nagara, ativisha, musta, karkatashringi, haritaki'' and ''shati'' is also beneficial.
One ''aksha'' of the paste of ''pippali'', fried with oil should be added with ''sitopala''. Intake of this recipe along with ''kulattha yusha'' cures ''kaphaja kasa''. The ''swarasa'' extracted out of ''kasamarda'', stool of horse, ''bhringaraja, vartaka'' and black variety of ''surasa'' along with honey cures ''kaphaja kasa''.
One ''aksha'' of the paste of ''pippali'', fried with oil should be added with ''sitopala''. Intake of this recipe along with ''kulattha yusha'' cures [[kapha]]ja kasa. The ''swarasa'' extracted out of ''kasamarda'', stool of horse, ''bhringaraja, vartaka'' and black variety of ''surasa'' along with honey cures [[kapha]]ja kasa.
Powder prepared out of ''devadaru, shati, rasna, karkatashringi, duralabha'' taken along with ''madhu'' and ''taila'' is effective in ''vatanuga kaphajakasa''.
Powder prepared out of ''devadaru, shati, rasna, karkatashringi, duralabha'' taken along with ''madhu'' and ''taila'' is effective in [[vata]]nuga [[kapha]]ja kasa.
''Pippali, nagara, musta, haritaki, amalaki'' and ''sitopala'' is to be taken along with ''madhu'' and ''taila'' is effective in ''vatanuga kaphajakasa''.
''Pippali, nagara, musta, haritaki, amalaki'' and ''sitopala'' is to be taken along with ''madhu'' and ''taila'' is effective in [[vata]]nuga [[kapha]]ja kasa.
''Pippali, pippalimula, chitraka'' and ''gaja pippali'' should be made into ''leha'' form by adding ''madhu''. Intake of this cures ''kaphajakasa.''
''Pippali, pippalimula, chitraka'' and ''gaja pippali'' should be made into ''leha'' form by adding ''madhu''. Intake of this cures [[kapha]]ja kasa.
Similarly ''pathya, tamalaki, dhatri, bhadra-musta'' and ''pippali'' combination taken along with ''madhu'' cures ''kaphajakasa''.
Similarly ''pathya, tamalaki, dhatri, bhadra-musta'' and ''pippali'' combination taken along with ''madhu'' cures ''kaphajakasa''.
''Vishala, pippali, musta, trivrit'' should be taken along with honey in ''kaphajakasa''.
''Vishala, pippali, musta, trivrit'' should be taken along with honey in [[kapha]]ja kasa.
Intake of the powder prepared out of ''souvarchala, abhaya, dhatri, pipplai, kshara'' and ''nagara'' taken along with ''ghrita'' cures ''kasa'' caused by ''vata'' and ''kapha''. [112-122]
Intake of the powder prepared out of ''souvarchala, abhaya, dhatri, pipplai, kshara'' and ''nagara'' taken along with ''ghrita'' cures ''kasa'' caused by [[vata]] and [[kapha]]. [112-122]
==== Dashamuladi ghritam ====
==== Dashamuladi ghritam ====
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One ''prastha'' of ''dashamoola'' should be cooked by adding one ''adhaka'' of the decoction of ''dashamoola'' and the paste of one ''aksha'' each of ''pushkar-moola, shati, bilva, surasa, shunthi, pippali, maricha'' and ''hingu''. Administration of this ghee followed by ''peya'' as ''anupana'' cure ''vatakaphaja kasa, shwasa roga''.
One ''prastha'' of ''dashamoola'' should be cooked by adding one ''adhaka'' of the decoction of ''dashamoola'' and the paste of one ''aksha'' each of ''pushkar-moola, shati, bilva, surasa, shunthi, pippali, maricha'' and ''hingu''. Administration of this ghee followed by ''peya'' as ''anupana'' cure [[vata]] [[kapha]]ja kasa, shwasa roga.
Thus ends the description of ''dashamooladi ghrita''. [123-124]
Thus ends the description of ''dashamooladi ghrita''. [123-124]
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One ''adhaka'' of ''kantakari kashaya'' should be prepared using its root, fruit and leaves. This is to be processed with one ''prastha'' of ''ghrita'' by adding the paste of ''bala, shunthi, pippali, maricha, vidanga, shati, chitraka, sauvarchala, yavakshara, pippalimula, pushkarmoola, vrischira, brihati, pathya, yavani, dadima, riddhi, draksha, punaranava, chavya, duralabha, amlavetasa, shringi, tamalaki, bharangi, rasna'' and ''gokshuara''. This is beneficial in all types of ''kasa, hikka'' and ''shwasa''. This is known as ''kantakari ghrita'' and it cures all types of ''kaphaja'' diseases.
One ''adhaka'' of ''kantakari kashaya'' should be prepared using its root, fruit and leaves. This is to be processed with one ''prastha'' of ''ghrita'' by adding the paste of ''bala, shunthi, pippali, maricha, vidanga, shati, chitraka, sauvarchala, yavakshara, pippalimula, pushkarmoola, vrischira, brihati, pathya, yavani, dadima, riddhi, draksha, punaranava, chavya, duralabha, amlavetasa, shringi, tamalaki, bharangi, rasna'' and ''gokshuara''. This is beneficial in all types of ''kasa, hikka'' and ''shwasa''. This is known as ''kantakari ghrita'' and it cures all types of [[kapha]]ja diseases.
Thus ends the description of ''kantakari-ghrita''.
Thus ends the description of ''kantakari-ghrita''.
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''Ghrita'' cooked with the decoction of ''kulattha'' or with that of ''panchakola'' is useful in ''kaphajakasa, hikka'' and ''shwasa''.
''Ghrita'' cooked with the decoction of ''kulattha'' or with that of ''panchakola'' is useful in [[kapha]]ja kasa, hikka and ''shwasa''.
Thus ends the description of ''kulatthadi- ghrita''. [125-129]
Thus ends the description of ''kulatthadi- ghrita''. [125-129]
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''Dhuma yogas'' which have been mentioned at the context of ''vatajakasa'' can also be administered in ''pittaja kasa''. Specifically ''manshilla'' kept inside the ''koshataki phala majja'' is useful in the form of ''dhupana'' in ''kaphaja-kasa''. [130]
''Dhuma yogas'' which have been mentioned at the context of [[vata]]ja kasa can also be administered in [[pitta]]ja kasa. Specifically ''manshilla'' kept inside the ''koshataki phala majja'' is useful in the form of ''dhupana'' in [[kapha]]ja-kasa. [130]
=== Principles of treatment in various states of [[dosha]] ===
=== Principles of treatment in various states of [[dosha]] ===
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If ''kaphaja kasa'' is associated with ''tamaka''(a type of ''shwasa'') then at this stage of ''kasa'', therapies prescribed for ''pittaja kasa'' should be administered.
If [[kapha]]ja kasa is associated with ''tamaka''(a type of ''shwasa'') then at this stage of ''kasa'', therapies prescribed for [[pitta]]ja kasa should be administered.
If there is association ''kapha'' in ''vatajakasa'' the ''kaphahara'' measures should be administered.
If there is association [[kapha]] in [[vata]]ja kasa the [[kapha]]hara measures should be administered.
If ''pitta'' is associated with ''vataja'' and ''kaphaja kasa'' then ''pittahara'' measures should be followed.
If [[pitta]] is associated with [[vata]]ja and [[kapha]]ja kasa then [[pitta]]hara measures should be followed.
If ''vataja'' and ''kaphaja kasa'' are associated with expectoration of phlegm, then ''rukshana'' therapy should be followed, whereas if not associated with phlegm then ''snigdha'' therapy should be administered.
If [[vata]]ja and [[kapha]]ja kasa are associated with expectoration of phlegm, then ''rukshana'' therapy should be followed, whereas if not associated with phlegm then ''snigdha'' therapy should be administered.
If ''kaphaja kasa'' is associated with ''pitta,'' then the patient should be given food and drinks mixed with ''tikta dravyas''.
If [[kapha]]ja kasa is associated with [[pitta]], then the patient should be given food and drinks mixed with ''tikta dravyas''.
Thus ends the description of ''kaphaja kasa''.[131-134]
Thus ends the description of [[kapha]]ja kasa.[131-134]
=== Management of kshataja kasa (due to injury) ===
=== Management of kshataja kasa (due to injury) ===
''Kshatajakasa'' is a serious ailment. Keeping this in view the treatment of the patient should be initiated instantaneously with ''madhura'' and ''jivaniya dravyas'', which are promoters of ''bala'' and ''mamsa''.
''Kshatajakasa'' is a serious ailment. Keeping this in view the treatment of the patient should be initiated instantaneously with ''madhura'' and ''jivaniya dravyas'', which are promoters of ''bala'' and ''mamsa''.
The paste of one ''karsha'' of each of ''pippali, madhuka,'' one ''karsha'' of ''sitopala'', one ''prastha'' of each of cows milk, goats milk and ''ikshurasa'', one ''prastha'' of the powder of ''yava, godhuma, draksha'' and one ''prastha'' of each of the juice of ''amalaka'' and ''tilataila'' should be cooked over ''mridu agni''. Intake of this ''leha'' along with ''ghrita'' and ''madhu'' cures ''kshataja kasa, shwasa, hridroga'' and ''kshata''. It is also useful for old persons and those who have less semen.[134-137]
The paste of one ''karsha'' of each of ''pippali, madhuka,'' one ''karsha'' of ''sitopala'', one ''prastha'' of each of cows milk, goats milk and ''ikshurasa'', one ''prastha'' of the powder of ''yava, godhuma, draksha'' and one ''prastha'' of each of the juice of ''amalaka'' and ''tilataila'' should be cooked over mridu [[agni]]. Intake of this ''leha'' along with ''ghrita'' and ''madhu'' cures ''kshataja kasa, shwasa, hridroga'' and ''kshata''. It is also useful for old persons and those who have less semen.[134-137]
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The medicaments prescribed for the ''pittajakasa'' are also useful for ''kshatajakasa''. Generally milk, ghee and honey should be given to such patients. If two ''dosha'' are involved in the pathogenesis of this ailment then special therapies are required.
The medicaments prescribed for the [[pitta]]ja kasa are also useful for ''kshatajakasa''. Generally milk, ghee and honey should be given to such patients. If two [[dosha]] are involved in the pathogenesis of this ailment then special therapies are required.
If this ailment is associated with ''vata'' and ''pitta'' and the person has pain all over the body then ''abhyanga'' should be given with ghee. If there is excessive ''vata aggravation'', causing pain, then ''abhyanga'' should be given with ''taila'' prepared out of ''vatahara dravya''.
If this ailment is associated with [[vata]] and [[pitta]] and the person has pain all over the body then ''abhyanga'' should be given with ghee. If there is excessive [[vata]] aggravation, causing pain, then ''abhyanga'' should be given with ''taila'' prepared out of [[vata]]hara dravya.
The person suffering from ''kasa'' along with pain in ''hridaya'' and ''parshwa'' associated with burning sensation, hemoptysis and aggravation of ''vata'' should take ''jivaniya siddha ghrita.''
The person suffering from ''kasa'' along with pain in ''hridaya'' and ''parshwa'' associated with burning sensation, hemoptysis and aggravation of [[vata]] should take jivaniya siddha ghrita.
If the person weak and habituated to take ''mamsa'' then the ''mamsarasa'' prepared out of lava is beneficial for him.
If the person weak and habituated to take mamsa then the ''mamsarasa'' prepared out of lava is beneficial for him.
If he is suffering from ''trishna'' then he can take goats milk processed with ''trinapanchamoola''.
If he is suffering from ''trishna'' then he can take goats milk processed with ''trinapanchamoola''.
If there is bleeding then he should take the ghee extracted out of this milk. Or this ghee can be administered in the form of ''nasya'' or as a drink.
If there is bleeding then he should take the ghee extracted out of this milk. Or this ghee can be administered in the form of [[nasya]] or as a drink.
If the patient of ''kshata'' is fatigued and weak, and if he has low power of digestion, then he should be given ''yavagu'' to eat.
If the patient of ''kshata'' is fatigued and weak, and if he has low power of digestion, then he should be given ''yavagu'' to eat.
If there is ''stambha'' and ''ayama'' then the patient should be given ghee in large quantity.
If there is ''stambha'' and ''ayama'' then the patient should be given ghee in large quantity.
Thus all therapies which alleviate the ''vata'', simultaneously which do not aggravate ''pitta'' and ''rakta'' should be followed in such persons.
Thus all therapies which alleviate the [[vata]], simultaneously which do not aggravate [[pitta]] and [[rakta]] should be followed in such persons.
After ''khsataja kasa'' treatment, after complete relief, still person is complaining of pain at the place of injury due to aggravation of ''kapha'', should be given ''dhumapana chikitsa'' with following combination.
After ''khsataja kasa'' treatment, after complete relief, still person is complaining of pain at the place of injury due to aggravation of [[kapha]], should be given ''dhumapana chikitsa'' with following combination.
''Meda, mahameda, madhuka, bala'' and ''mahabala'' should be made into paste and smeared over silk-cloth and ''varti'' is to be prepared. After the ''pana'' of this ''dhumavarti'' should be prepared by smearing a piece of silk cloth with the paste of ''manahshila'', ''palasha, ajagandha, tavksheeri,'' and ''nagara''. After ''dhumapana'' the person should drink ''ikshurasa'' and water mixed with jaggery.
''Meda, mahameda, madhuka, bala'' and ''mahabala'' should be made into paste and smeared over silk-cloth and ''varti'' is to be prepared. After the ''pana'' of this ''dhumavarti'' should be prepared by smearing a piece of silk cloth with the paste of ''manahshila'', ''palasha, ajagandha, tavksheeri,'' and ''nagara''. After ''dhumapana'' the person should drink ''ikshurasa'' and water mixed with jaggery.
''Manhashila'' should be made into a paste by tritrating it with the ''vatashrunga''. To this ghee should be added. After ''dhuma'' the person should be given ''tittiri pakshi mamsa rasa''.
''Manhashila'' should be made into a paste by tritrating it with the vatashrunga. To this ghee should be added. After ''dhuma'' the person should be given ''tittiri pakshi mamsa rasa''.
The silk cloth should be soaked with ''jivaniya gana dravyas'' or with egg yolk of ''kulinga''. With this ''varti'' should be prepared and after ''dhumapana'', the person should take the milk soaked with hot iron balls. This is beneficial in ''kshataja kasa''.[138-148]
The silk cloth should be soaked with ''jivaniya gana dravyas'' or with egg yolk of ''kulinga''. With this ''varti'' should be prepared and after ''dhumapana'', the person should take the milk soaked with hot iron balls. This is beneficial in ''kshataja kasa''.[138-148]
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If ''kshayaja kasa'' is manifested with all the signs and symptoms, and if the patient is weak, then he should not be treated. However if the disease has recently occurred and if the patient is strong enough, then he may be treated even though the disease is incurable. In the beginning the person should be given ''brihmana'' therapy along with ''agni deepana''. If ''dosha'' aggravation is more, then he can be given mild purgation therapy along with ''snigdha dravyas''.
If ''kshayaja kasa'' is manifested with all the signs and symptoms, and if the patient is weak, then he should not be treated. However if the disease has recently occurred and if the patient is strong enough, then he may be treated even though the disease is incurable. In the beginning the person should be given [[brihmana]] therapy along with [[agni]] [[deepana]]. If [[dosha]] aggravation is more, then he can be given mild purgation therapy along with ''snigdha dravyas''.
Ghee cooked with the decoction of ''shamapaka''(fruit pulp of ''aragwadha''), ''trivrit, mridvika rasa, tilvaka kashaya'' and ''vidari swarasa'' should be given in appropriate dosage for the ''shodhana'' of ''ksheena'' person. It protects the body as well as gives strength for the ''uras''.
Ghee cooked with the decoction of ''shamapaka''(fruit pulp of ''aragwadha''), ''trivrit, mridvika rasa, tilvaka kashaya'' and ''vidari swarasa'' should be given in appropriate dosage for the ''shodhana'' of ''ksheena'' person. It protects the body as well as gives strength for the ''uras''.
When ''pitta'' and ''kapha'' are reduced in quantity, along emaciation of ''dhatu'', then the person should take the ''ghrita'' prepared out of ''karkatashringi'', milk, ''bala'' and ''atibala''.
When [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] are reduced in quantity, along emaciation of [[dhatu]], then the person should take the ''ghrita'' prepared out of ''karkatashringi'', milk, ''bala'' and ''atibala''.
If there is association of ''mutra vaivarnyata'' or ''krichchchrata'', then he should be given the milk boiled with ''vidari, kadamba'' or with tender fruits of ''tala''.
If there is association of ''mutra vaivarnyata'' or ''krichchchrata'', then he should be given the milk boiled with ''vidari, kadamba'' or with tender fruits of ''tala''.
If there is swelling and pain in the ''medhra, payu, shroni'' and ''vankshana'', then the person should be given the ''anuvasana'' prepared out of ''ghritamanda, madhu'' or with ''mishraka sneha''.
If there is swelling and pain in the ''medhra, payu, shroni'' and ''vankshana'', then the person should be given the ''anuvasana'' prepared out of ''ghritamanda, madhu'' or with ''mishraka sneha''.
After ''anuvasana'' the person should be fed with ''mamsa rasa'' prepared out of ''jangala, prasaha, bileshaya,'' and ''vartakas''. Because of their ''ushnata, pramathi bhava'' these move properly in all ''srotas'' and cause dryness of ''kapha'' and simultaneously they nourish the ''srotas''.[149-157]
After ''anuvasana'' the person should be fed with ''mamsa rasa'' prepared out of ''jangala, prasaha, bileshaya,'' and ''vartakas''. Because of their ''ushnata, pramathi bhava'' these move properly in all ''srotas'' and cause dryness of [[kapha]] and simultaneously they nourish the ''srotas''.[149-157]
==== Dvi-panchamuladi ghritam ====
==== Dvi-panchamuladi ghritam ====
''Mudga yusha'' should be prepared by using ''kantakari'' decoction. Intake of this ''yusha'' along with ''goura amalaka'' and other ''amla dravyas'' cure all types of ''kasa''.
''Mudga yusha'' should be prepared by using ''kantakari'' decoction. Intake of this ''yusha'' along with ''goura amalaka'' and other ''amla dravyas'' cure all types of ''kasa''.
''Ksheera, yusha, mamsa rasa'' are preferred in ''kshayajakasa'' persons. For the preparation of ''mamasarasa vishkira, pratuda'' and ''bileshaya mamsa'' should be added. Always these food preparations should be prepared by ''vataghna'' drugs.
''Ksheera, yusha, mamsa rasa'' are preferred in ''kshayajakasa'' persons. For the preparation of ''mamasarasa vishkira, pratuda'' and ''bileshaya mamsa'' should be added. Always these food preparations should be prepared by [[vata]]ghna drugs.
''Dhumapana'' formulations mentioned in reference to ''kshatajakasa'' can also be administered to the patients suffering from ''kshayajakasa''.[180-186]
''Dhumapana'' formulations mentioned in reference to ''kshatajakasa'' can also be administered to the patients suffering from ''kshayajakasa''.[180-186]
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[[Dipana]], [[brihmana]] and ''srotoshodhana'' therapies should be followed alternatively in the patient suffering from ''kshyajakaasa''. All such therapies which are ''balya'' are preferred in this condition.
''Kshayajakasa'' is caused by ''sannipata''. Therefore therapies which alleviate ''tridosha'' are to be administered for the treatment.
''Kshayajakasa'' is caused by ''sannipata''. Therefore therapies which alleviate tri[[dosha]] are to be administered for the treatment.
But still ''bala'' (strength) and ''abalata'' (weakness) of the disease is determined by the nature of aggravation of associated ''dosha''. Keeping this in view, treatment should be administered.
But still ''bala'' (strength) and ''abalata'' (weakness) of the disease is determined by the nature of aggravation of associated [[dosha]]. Keeping this in view, treatment should be administered.
The physician should know that among these five kasa, the succeeding ones are more serious than the preceding.
The physician should know that among these five kasa, the succeeding ones are more serious than the preceding.
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
*''Vata'' being obstructed in the lower region of the body, moves upwards, afflicts the channels of circulation in the upper part of the body, takes over the function of ''udana vayu'' and gets localized in the throat and chest, then enters and fills up all the cavities in the head.
*[[Vata]] being obstructed in the lower region of the body, moves upwards, afflicts the channels of circulation in the upper part of the body, takes over the function of udana [[vayu]] and gets localized in the throat and chest, then enters and fills up all the cavities in the head.
*''Udanavata'' plays key role in ''kasa''. It is located in sinuses, throat and upper respiratory tract. Its main function is to exude out secretions from head and upper respiratory tract, effortlessly.
*Udana[[vata]] plays key role in ''kasa''. It is located in sinuses, throat and upper respiratory tract. Its main function is to exude out secretions from head and upper respiratory tract, effortlessly.
*Due to one group of etiological factors, sinuses and bronchial tree gets filled with secretions. Another group of factors like over exertion, weaken the functions of ''udanavata'' by over consuming it.
*Due to one group of etiological factors, sinuses and bronchial tree gets filled with secretions. Another group of factors like over exertion, weaken the functions of udana[[vata]] by over consuming it.
*Since ''udanavata'' is not available, the physiological mechanism of ''kasa'' (cough reflex) starts to work causing forceful, frictionful expectoration with sound.
*Since udana[[vata]] is not available, the physiological mechanism of ''kasa'' (cough reflex) starts to work causing forceful, frictionful expectoration with sound.
*In order to prevent damage to delicate mucosa and avoid friction, treatment with good amount of ghee after meal is best.
*In order to prevent damage to delicate mucosa and avoid friction, treatment with good amount of ghee after meal is best.
*In contrast to ''hikka'' and ''shwasa, pitta'' is not involved ''kasa'' except ''paittic kasa''. </div>
*In contrast to ''hikka'' and shwasa, [[pitta]] is not involved ''kasa'' except ''paittic kasa''. </div>
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==
*The soft silky touch of hands and foot
*The soft silky touch of hands and foot
*The person always finds fault with others and develops an immensely hateful disposition
*The person always finds fault with others and develops an immensely hateful disposition
*The person suffers from diseases like [[jwara]] (having signs and symptoms of all [[dosha]]s), nasal congestion, anorexia, painful flanks, and altered voice
*The person suffers from diseases like [[jwara]] (having signs and symptoms of all [[dosha]]), nasal congestion, anorexia, painful flanks, and altered voice
*Frequent hard or loose stools without apparent cause [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/25-28]
*Frequent hard or loose stools without apparent cause [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/25-28]
Cha. = Charak, Su. = Sushruta, A. = Ashtanga, Hr. = Hridayam, Sa. = Samhita, B.R = Bhaishajya ratnavali
Cha. = Charak, Su. = Sushruta, A. = Ashtanga, Hr. = Hridayam, Sa. = Samhita, B.R = Bhaishajya ratnavali
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== References ==
== References ==