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Line 21: − + − + − + + + + + + + + + + − ==([[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 18, Chapter on the Management of cough of various origins)== + − + − − + − === Introduction === + + Line 30:
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Line 1,588: − kulattharasayuktaM vA pa~jcakolashRutaM ghRutam| + − pAyayet kaphaje kAse hikkAshvAse ca shasyate||129|| − − iti kulatthAdighRutam| + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Line 1,506:
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Line 2,372: − ==== Summary ====+ + Line 2,218:
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Line 2,403: + + + − Thus ends the eighteenth chapter in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] dealing with treatment of ''kasa'' in the work of Agnivesha which was redacted by Charaka and because of non-availability supplemented by Dridhabala.+ − === ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===+ + + + + + − • Vata being obstructed in the lower region of the body, moves upwards, afflicts the channels of circulation in the upper part of the body, takes over the function of udana vayu and gets localized in the throat and chest, then enters and fills up all the cavities in the head. − • Udaanvata plays key role in kasa. It is located in sinuses, throat and upper respiratory tract. Its main function is to exude out secretions from head and upper respiratoty tract, effortlessly. − • Due to one group of etiological factors, sinuses and bronchial tree gets filled with secretions. Another group of factors like over exertion, weaken the functions of udaanvata by over consuming it. − • Since udaanvata is not available, the physiological mechanism of kasa (cough reflex) starts to work causing forceful, frictionful expectoration with sound. − • In order to prevent damage to delicate mucosa and avoid friction, treatment with good amount of ghee after meal is best. − • In contrast to hikka and shwas, pitta is not involved kasa except paittic kasa. − Work in progress + + − === ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' === − Work in progress+ + + + +
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{{#seo:
|title=Kasa Chikitsa
|titlemode=append
|keywords=kasa, cough, treatment of cough, respiratory diseases, kshataja, kshayaja, Snehapana, vamana, virehna, vairechanika nasya (nasal catarrhal), dhumapana (medicated cigarettes),Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.
|description=Chikitsa Sthana Chapter 18. Management of Kasa (Cough of various origins)
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image_alt=charak samhita
|type=article
}}
<big>'''[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 18. Management of Kasa (Cough of various origins) </big>'''
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Kasa Chikitsa
|title = Kasa Chikitsa
|label5 = Other Sections
|label5 = Other Sections
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Kalpa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|label6 = Translator and commentator
|header3 =
|data6 = Nesari T.,Mallya S.,Deole Y. S.
|label7 = Reviewer
|data7 = Prasad B.S., Mali P.
|label8 = Editors
|data8 = Singh G., Goyal M., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.
|label9 = Year of publication
|data9 = 2020
|label10 = Publisher
|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label11 = DOI
|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s06.019 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s06.019]
}}
}}
<big>'''Abstract </big>'''
<div style="text-align:justify;">
=== Abstract ===
''Hikka, shwasa'' and ''kasa'' (hiccups, dyspnea and cough) are the three main diseases of ''pranavaha srotas'' (respiratory system). There are clinical and treatment similarities between these three disease conditions that is why these diseases are being described together. ''Kasa'' is categorized in to five kinds as ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja''. The former three are curable with proper medication while the remaining two are ''yapya'' (palliable). ''Nidana parivarjana'' (avoidance of etiological factors), ''shodhana'' (purificatory therapy), ''shamana'' (palliative drugs), ''vyadhiahara rasayana'' (disease specific treatment) are the principles of treatment for all types of ''kasa''. Administration of ''shodhana'' has been given importance. The reduction in persistent nature of illness with episodic exacerbation and the severity is possible if all modalities of management like ''shodhana, shamana'', and ''vyadhihara rasayana'' are followed as treatment.
''Hikka, shwasa'' and ''kasa'' (hiccups, dyspnea and cough) are the three main diseases of ''pranavaha srotas'' (respiratory system). There are clinical and treatment similarities between these three disease conditions that is why these diseases are being described together. ''Kasa'' is categorized in to five kinds as ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja''. The former three are curable with proper medication while the remaining two are ''yapya'' (palliable). ''Nidana parivarjana'' (avoidance of etiological factors), ''shodhana'' (purificatory therapy), ''shamana'' (palliative drugs), ''vyadhiahara rasayana'' (disease specific treatment) are the principles of treatment for all types of ''kasa''. Administration of ''shodhana'' has been given importance. The reduction in persistent nature of illness with episodic exacerbation and the severity is possible if all modalities of management like ''shodhana, shamana'', and ''vyadhihara rasayana'' are followed as treatment.
'''Keywords''': ''kasa'', cough, treatment of cough, respiratory diseases, ''kshataja, kshayaja, Snehapana, vamana, virehna, vairechanika nasya'' (nasal catarrhal), ''dhumapana'' (medicated cigarettes).
'''Keywords''': ''kasa'', cough, treatment of cough, respiratory diseases, ''kshataja, kshayaja, Snehapana, vamana, virehna, vairechanika nasya'' (nasal catarrhal), ''dhumapana'' (medicated cigarettes).
</div>
== Introduction ==
<div style="text-align:justify;">
''Pranavaha srotas'' is a vital system of the body and although this ''srotas'' is more susceptible to abuse from little amount of smoke, allergens, adulterants, petrochemicals and many pollutants in atmosphere, there are a variety of disorders and diseases that are temporary and harmless, while others can be life threatening. In literature, ''pranavaha srotas'' disorders are elaborated under the heading of ''shwasa, kasa, hikka, rajayakshma'' and ''urakshata'' (''kshata-kshina''). Cough, expectoration, breathlessness, sore throat, chest pain are common clinical features of respiratory diseases. ''Kasa'' is one such disease, which is identified by the hoarse phonetic sound, produced due to the pathological process of ''doshadushti'' (vitiation of ''dosha''), ''vimarga gamana'' (diverted movement) of ''pranavata'' and ''avarana'' (occlusions) of ''vayu'' by the ''kapha''. The main pathology is in chest region with reduced functioning of the respiratory system.
''Pranavaha srotas'' is a vital system of the body and although this ''srotas'' is more susceptible to abuse from little amount of smoke, allergens, adulterants, petrochemicals and many pollutants in atmosphere, there are a variety of disorders and diseases that are temporary and harmless, while others can be life threatening. In literature, ''pranavaha srotas'' disorders are elaborated under the heading of ''shwasa, kasa, hikka, rajayakshma'' and ''urakshata'' (''kshata-kshina''). Cough, expectoration, breathlessness, sore throat, chest pain are common clinical features of respiratory diseases. ''Kasa'' is one such disease, which is identified by the hoarse phonetic sound, produced due to the pathological process of ''doshadushti'' (vitiation of ''dosha''), ''vimarga gamana'' (diverted movement) of ''pranavata'' and ''avarana'' (occlusions) of ''vayu'' by the ''kapha''. The main pathology is in chest region with reduced functioning of the respiratory system.
Prodromal symptoms (''purvarupa'') are irritation of throat with pricking sensation, itching (''kantha kandu'')and inability to swallow (''bhojyanam avarodha''). These are very much similar with upper respiratory tract infection leading to condition of pharyngitis or pharyngotonsillitis and persistence of such upper respiratory tract infection will further spread to lower respiratory tract.
Prodromal symptoms (''purvarupa'') are irritation of throat with pricking sensation, itching (''kantha kandu'')and inability to swallow (''bhojyanam avarodha''). These are very much similar with upper respiratory tract infection leading to condition of pharyngitis or pharyngotonsillitis and persistence of such upper respiratory tract infection will further spread to lower respiratory tract.
There are five types of ''kasa'' namely, ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja''. ''Vatika kasa'' is more related to upper respiratory tract with ''swarabheda'' (hoarseness of voice) as its diagnostic feature and is unproductive. It resembles more to allergic rhinobronchitis, which may be self-limiting and curable. ''Paittika'' and ''kaphaja kasa'' involve lower respiratory tract and are productive in nature. While ''paittika kasa'' seems to be the result of inflammation, ''kaphaja kasa'' is due to mucosal hypertrophy of bronchial lining or chronic bronchitis. ''Kshyaja kasa'' is a state of chronic cough associated with emaciation. Charaka has mentioned that the disturbance in the action of ''jatharagni'' all the three ''doshas'' get vitiated, which causes emaciation of ''dhatus'' of the body either due to ''anulomana kshaya'' or ''pratiloma kshaya'' (Ch. Chi. 18/24). That makes it different from ''shosha'', which is a ''tridoshaja'' disease manifests as a group of several diseases. ''Kshataja kasa'' is associated with break in integrity of lung parenchyma with ''shonita darshana'' (blood tinged mucous) as a symptom. There may or may not be ''shosha'' (emaciation).
There are five types of ''kasa'' namely, ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja''. ''Vatika kasa'' is more related to upper respiratory tract with ''swarabheda'' (hoarseness of voice) as its diagnostic feature and is unproductive. It resembles more to allergic rhinobronchitis, which may be self-limiting and curable. ''Paittika'' and ''kaphaja kasa'' involve lower respiratory tract and are productive in nature. While ''paittika kasa'' seems to be the result of inflammation, ''kaphaja kasa'' is due to mucosal hypertrophy of bronchial lining or chronic bronchitis. ''Kshyaja kasa'' is a state of chronic cough associated with emaciation. Charak has mentioned that the disturbance in the action of ''jatharagni'' all the three ''doshas'' get vitiated, which causes emaciation of ''dhatus'' of the body either due to ''anulomana kshaya'' or ''pratiloma kshaya'' [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/24]. That makes it different from ''shosha'', which is a ''tridoshaja'' disease manifests as a group of several diseases. ''Kshataja kasa'' is associated with break in integrity of lung parenchyma with ''shonita darshana'' (blood tinged mucous) as a symptom. There may or may not be ''shosha'' (emaciation).
''Snehapana, vamana, virehna, vairechanika nasya'' (nasal catarrhal), ''dhumapana'' (medicated cigaretes) are indicated as treatment modalities in different types of ''kasa''.
''Snehapana, vamana, virehna, vairechanika nasya'' (nasal catarrhal), ''dhumapana'' (medicated cigaretes) are indicated as treatment modalities in different types of ''kasa''.
</div>
== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation ==
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अथातः कासचिकित्सितं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||
अथातः कासचिकित्सितं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः ||२||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः ||२||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
athātaḥ kāsacikitsitaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
athātaḥ kāsacikitsitaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
</div></div>
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Now we shall expound the chapter "Kasa chikitsa"(Management of cough of various origins). Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
तपसा यशसा धृत्या धिया च परयाऽन्वितः |
तपसा यशसा धृत्या धिया च परयाऽन्वितः |
वातादिजास्त्रयो ये च क्षतजः क्षयजस्तथा |
वातादिजास्त्रयो ये च क्षतजः क्षयजस्तथा |
पञ्चैते स्युर्नृणां कासा वर्धमानाः क्षयप्रदाः ||४||
पञ्चैते स्युर्नृणां कासा वर्धमानाः क्षयप्रदाः ||४||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
tapasā yaśasā dhr̥tyā dhiyā ca parayā'nvitaḥ|
tapasā yaśasā dhr̥tyā dhiyā ca parayā'nvitaḥ|
vAtAdijAstrayo ye ca kShatajaH kShayajastathA|
vAtAdijAstrayo ye ca kShatajaH kShayajastathA|
pa~jcaite syurnRuNAM kAsA vardhamAnAH kShayapradAH||4||
pa~jcaite syurnRuNAM kAsA vardhamAnAH kShayapradAH||4||
</div></div>
Atreya, endowed with power of penance, fame and perseverance and super-intellect expounded the infallible therapies for the treatment of ''kasa''. There are five types of ''kasa''. If exacerbated they may cause ''kshaya''. These five types are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja''. [3-4]
Atreya, endowed with power of penance, fame and perseverance and super-intellect expounded the infallible therapies for the treatment of ''kasa''. There are five types of ''kasa''. If exacerbated they may cause ''kshaya''. These five types are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja''. [3-4]
=== Premonitory signs ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
पूर्वरूपं भवेत्तेषां शूकपूर्णगलास्यता |
पूर्वरूपं भवेत्तेषां शूकपूर्णगलास्यता |
कण्ठे कण्डूश्च भोज्यानामवरोधश्च जायते ||५||
कण्ठे कण्डूश्च भोज्यानामवरोधश्च जायते ||५||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
pūrvarūpaṁ bhavēttēṣāṁ śūkapūrṇagalāsyatā|
pūrvarūpaṁ bhavēttēṣāṁ śūkapūrṇagalāsyatā|
pUrvarUpaM bhavetteShAM shUkapUrNagalAsyatA|
pUrvarUpaM bhavetteShAM shUkapUrNagalAsyatA|
kaNThe kaNDUshca bhojyAnAmavarodhashca jAyate||5||
kaNThe kaNDUshca bhojyAnAmavarodhashca jAyate||5||
</div></div>
Following are the premonitory signs and symptoms of ''kasa'':
Following are the premonitory signs and symptoms of ''kasa'':
#Inability to swallow food.[3-4]
#Inability to swallow food.[3-4]
=== Pathophysiology of ''kasa'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
अधःप्रतिहतो वायुरूर्ध्वस्रोतःसमाश्रितः |
अधःप्रतिहतो वायुरूर्ध्वस्रोतःसमाश्रितः |
नेत्रे पृष्ठमुरःपार्श्वे निर्भुज्य स्तम्भयंस्ततः |
नेत्रे पृष्ठमुरःपार्श्वे निर्भुज्य स्तम्भयंस्ततः |
शुष्को वा सकफो वाऽपि कसनात्कास उच्यते ||८||
शुष्को वा सकफो वाऽपि कसनात्कास उच्यते ||८||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
adhaḥpratihatō vāyurūrdhvasrōtaḥsamāśritaḥ|
adhaḥpratihatō vāyurūrdhvasrōtaḥsamāśritaḥ|
netre pRuShThamuraHpArshve nirbhujya stambhayaMstataH|
netre pRuShThamuraHpArshve nirbhujya stambhayaMstataH|
shuShko vA sakapho vA~api kasanAtkAsa ucyate||8||
shuShko vA sakapho vA~api kasanAtkAsa ucyate||8||
</div></div>
''Vata'' being obstructed in the lower region of the body, moves upwards, afflicts the channels of circulation in the upper part of the body, takes over the function of ''udana vayu'' and gets localized in the throat and chest. Then entering all the cavities in the head, fills them up and causes hunching and convulsive movements of the body, jaws, sides of the neck and eyes. Thereafter this obstructed ''vata'' causes contraction and stiffness of the eyes, back, chest and sides of the chest, gives rise to ''kasa'' which may be dry or with phlegm because of which it is known as ''kasa''.[6-8]
''Vata'' being obstructed in the lower region of the body, moves upwards, afflicts the channels of circulation in the upper part of the body, takes over the function of ''udana vayu'' and gets localized in the throat and chest. Then entering all the cavities in the head, fills them up and causes hunching and convulsive movements of the body, jaws, sides of the neck and eyes. Thereafter this obstructed ''vata'' causes contraction and stiffness of the eyes, back, chest and sides of the chest, gives rise to ''kasa'' which may be dry or with phlegm because of which it is known as ''kasa''.[6-8]
=== Specific features of ''kasa'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
प्रतिघातविशेषेण तस्य वायोः सरंहसः |
प्रतिघातविशेषेण तस्य वायोः सरंहसः |
वेदनाशब्दवैशिष्ट्यं कासानामुपजायते ||९||
वेदनाशब्दवैशिष्ट्यं कासानामुपजायते ||९||
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pratighātaviśēṣēṇa tasya vāyōḥ saraṁhasaḥ|
pratighātaviśēṣēṇa tasya vāyōḥ saraṁhasaḥ|
pratighAtavisheSheNa tasya vAyoH saraMhasaH|
pratighAtavisheSheNa tasya vAyoH saraMhasaH|
vedanAshabdavaishiShTyaM kAsAnAmupajAyate||9||
vedanAshabdavaishiShTyaM kAsAnAmupajAyate||9||
</div></div>
Specific variations in the pain and sound associated with different types of ''kasa'' are caused by the specific nature of the obstruction (by ''kapha'', etc.) to the force fully moving ''vayu''.[9]
Specific variations in the pain and sound associated with different types of ''kasa'' are caused by the specific nature of the obstruction (by ''kapha'', etc.) to the force fully moving ''vayu''.[9]
=== Etiological factors, clinical features of ''vataja kasa'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
रूक्षशीतकषायाल्पप्रमितानशनं स्त्रियः |
रूक्षशीतकषायाल्पप्रमितानशनं स्त्रियः |
स्निग्धाम्ललवणोष्णैश्च भुक्तपीतैः प्रशाम्यति |
स्निग्धाम्ललवणोष्णैश्च भुक्तपीतैः प्रशाम्यति |
ऊर्ध्ववातस्य जीर्णेऽन्ने वेगवान्मारुतो भवेत् ||१३||
ऊर्ध्ववातस्य जीर्णेऽन्ने वेगवान्मारुतो भवेत् ||१३||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
rūkṣaśītakaṣāyālpapramitānaśanaṁ striyaḥ|
rūkṣaśītakaṣāyālpapramitānaśanaṁ striyaḥ|
snigdhAmlalavaNoShNaishca bhuktapItaiH prashAmyati|
snigdhAmlalavaNoShNaishca bhuktapItaiH prashAmyati|
UrdhvavAtasya jIrNe~anne vegavAnmAruto bhavet||13||
UrdhvavAtasya jIrNe~anne vegavAnmAruto bhavet||13||
</div></div>
Following are the causative factors of ''vatika'' type of ''kasa'':
Following are the causative factors of ''vatika'' type of ''kasa'':
#The upward movements increases ''vata'' after digestion of food.[10-13]
#The upward movements increases ''vata'' after digestion of food.[10-13]
=== ''Pittaja kasa'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
कटुकोष्णविदाह्यम्लक्षाराणामतिसेवनम् |
कटुकोष्णविदाह्यम्लक्षाराणामतिसेवनम् |
प्रततं कासमानश्च ज्योतींषीव च पश्यति |
प्रततं कासमानश्च ज्योतींषीव च पश्यति |
श्लेष्माणं पित्तसंसृष्टं निष्ठीवति च पैत्तिके ||१६||
श्लेष्माणं पित्तसंसृष्टं निष्ठीवति च पैत्तिके ||१६||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
kaṭukōṣṇavidāhyamlakṣārāṇāmatisēvanam|
kaṭukōṣṇavidāhyamlakṣārāṇāmatisēvanam|
pratataM kAsamAnashca jyotIMShIva ca pashyati|
pratataM kAsamAnashca jyotIMShIva ca pashyati|
shleShmANaM pittasaMsRuShTaM niShThIvati ca paittike||16||
shleShmANaM pittasaMsRuShTaM niShThIvati ca paittike||16||
</div></div>
Excessive intake of ''ushna, katu, vidahi, amla'' and ''kshara'' type of ''ahara; krodha, santapa'' , exposure to the heat of the fire and sun are the causative factors of ''pittaja kasa''.
Excessive intake of ''ushna, katu, vidahi, amla'' and ''kshara'' type of ''ahara; krodha, santapa'' , exposure to the heat of the fire and sun are the causative factors of ''pittaja kasa''.
#Expectoration of sputum mixed with ''pitta''. [14-16]
#Expectoration of sputum mixed with ''pitta''. [14-16]
=== ''Kaphaja kasa'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
गुर्वभिष्यन्दिमधुरस्निग्धस्वप्नाविचेष्टनैः |
गुर्वभिष्यन्दिमधुरस्निग्धस्वप्नाविचेष्टनैः |
बहुलं मधुरं स्निग्धं निष्ठीवति घनं कफम् |
बहुलं मधुरं स्निग्धं निष्ठीवति घनं कफम् |
कासमानो ह्यरुग् वक्षः सम्पूर्णमिव मन्यते ||१९||
कासमानो ह्यरुग् वक्षः सम्पूर्णमिव मन्यते ||१९||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
gurvabhiṣyandimadhurasnigdhasvapnāvicēṣṭanaiḥ|
gurvabhiṣyandimadhurasnigdhasvapnāvicēṣṭanaiḥ|
bahulaM madhuraM snigdhaM niShThIvati ghanaM kapham|
bahulaM madhuraM snigdhaM niShThIvati ghanaM kapham|
kAsamAno hyarug vakShaH sampUrNamiva manyate||19||
kAsamAno hyarug vakShaH sampUrNamiva manyate||19||
</div></div>
Intake of heavy to digest, slimy, excessive sweets and oily foods ; excessive sleep and habitual inertia leads to aggravation of ''kapha'' and thereby obstructs the movement of ''vata'' which gives rise to ''kaphaja'' type of ''kasa''.
Intake of heavy to digest, slimy, excessive sweets and oily foods ; excessive sleep and habitual inertia leads to aggravation of ''kapha'' and thereby obstructs the movement of ''vata'' which gives rise to ''kaphaja'' type of ''kasa''.
#Feeling of fullness in the chest [17-19]
#Feeling of fullness in the chest [17-19]
=== ''Kshataja kasa'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
अतिव्यवायभाराध्वयुद्धाश्वगजविग्रहैः |
अतिव्यवायभाराध्वयुद्धाश्वगजविग्रहैः |
पर्वभेदज्वरश्वासतृष्णावैस्वर्यपीडितः |
पर्वभेदज्वरश्वासतृष्णावैस्वर्यपीडितः |
पारावत इवाकूजन् कासवेगात्क्षतोद्भवात् ||२३||
पारावत इवाकूजन् कासवेगात्क्षतोद्भवात् ||२३||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
ativyavāyabhārādhvayuddhāśvagajavigrahaiḥ|
ativyavāyabhārādhvayuddhāśvagajavigrahaiḥ|
parvabhedajvarashvAsatRuShNAvaisvaryapIDitaH|
parvabhedajvarashvAsatRuShNAvaisvaryapIDitaH|
pArAvata ivAkUjan kAsavegAtkShatodbhavAt||23||
pArAvata ivAkUjan kAsavegAtkShatodbhavAt||23||
</div></div>
Excessive indulgence in ''vyavaya'', carrying excessive heavy load, walking excessively long distance, indulgence in fighting, excessive indulgence in restraining the movement of horses and elephants etc factors cause injury to the chest and bring about ''rukshata'' in the body and in turn causes aggravation of ''vata'' there by results in the manifestation of ''kshataja kasa''.
Excessive indulgence in ''vyavaya'', carrying excessive heavy load, walking excessively long distance, indulgence in fighting, excessive indulgence in restraining the movement of horses and elephants etc factors cause injury to the chest and bring about ''rukshata'' in the body and in turn causes aggravation of ''vata'' there by results in the manifestation of ''kshataja kasa''.
#While coughing, sounds humming like pigeon. [20-23]
#While coughing, sounds humming like pigeon. [20-23]
=== ''Kshayaja kasa'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
विषमासात्म्यभोज्यातिव्यवायाद्वेगनिग्रहात् |
विषमासात्म्यभोज्यातिव्यवायाद्वेगनिग्रहात् |
नवौ कदाचित् सिध्येतामेतौ पादगुणान्वितौ |
नवौ कदाचित् सिध्येतामेतौ पादगुणान्वितौ |
स्थविराणां जराकासः सर्वो याप्यः प्रकीर्तितः ||३०||
स्थविराणां जराकासः सर्वो याप्यः प्रकीर्तितः ||३०||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
viṣamāsātmyabhōjyātivyavāyādvēganigrahāt|
viṣamāsātmyabhōjyātivyavāyādvēganigrahāt|
navau kadAcit sidhyetAmetau pAdaguNAnvitau|
navau kadAcit sidhyetAmetau pAdaguNAnvitau|
</div></div>
Intake of ''vishamashana'' and ''asatmya ahara'', indulgence in ''vyavaya'', suppression of ''vega, ghrina'' and ''shoka'' etc factors leads to vitiation of ''agni'' thereby aggravation of ''tridosha'' giving rise to ''kshayaja kasa''.
Intake of ''vishamashana'' and ''asatmya ahara'', indulgence in ''vyavaya'', suppression of ''vega, ghrina'' and ''shoka'' etc factors leads to vitiation of ''agni'' thereby aggravation of ''tridosha'' giving rise to ''kshayaja kasa''.
''Kshataja kasa'' is palliable if the patient is strong. If these two diseases(''kshataja'' and ''kshayaja'') are in their initial stage and if all four ''chikitsa chatushpada'' are endowed with efficiency, then both of these are curable. All types of ''kasa'' are however palliable if the patient is old. [24-30]
''Kshataja kasa'' is palliable if the patient is strong. If these two diseases(''kshataja'' and ''kshayaja'') are in their initial stage and if all four ''chikitsa chatushpada'' are endowed with efficiency, then both of these are curable. All types of ''kasa'' are however palliable if the patient is old. [24-30]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
त्रीन्साध्यान्साधयेत्पूर्वान् पथ्यैर्याप्यांश्च यापयेत् |
त्रीन्साध्यान्साधयेत्पूर्वान् पथ्यैर्याप्यांश्च यापयेत् |
चिकित्सामत ऊर्ध्वं तु शृणु कासनिबर्हिणीम् ||३१||
चिकित्सामत ऊर्ध्वं तु शृणु कासनिबर्हिणीम् ||३१||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
trīnsādhyānsādhayētpūrvān pathyairyāpyāṁśca yāpayēt|
trīnsādhyānsādhayētpūrvān pathyairyāpyāṁśca yāpayēt|
trInsAdhyAnsAdhayetpUrvAn pathyairyApyAMshca yApayet|
trInsAdhyAnsAdhayetpUrvAn pathyairyApyAMshca yApayet|
cikitsAmata UrdhvaM tu shRuNu kAsanibarhiNIm||31||
cikitsAmata UrdhvaM tu shRuNu kAsanibarhiNIm||31||
</div></div>
The first three types of ''kasa'' (''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja'') should be treated as these are ''sadhya vyadhi''. Whereas other two types (''khataja'' and ''kshayaja'') should be palliated with appropriate drugs and diet.
The first three types of ''kasa'' (''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja'') should be treated as these are ''sadhya vyadhi''. Whereas other two types (''khataja'' and ''kshayaja'') should be palliated with appropriate drugs and diet.
Treatment of different types of ''kasa'' has been described here after.[31]
Treatment of different types of ''kasa'' has been described here after.[31]
=== Treatment ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
रूक्षस्यानिलजं कासमादौ स्नेहैरुपाचरेत् |
रूक्षस्यानिलजं कासमादौ स्नेहैरुपाचरेत् |
बस्तिभिर्बद्धविड्वातं शुष्कोर्ध्वं चोर्ध्वभक्तिकैः |
बस्तिभिर्बद्धविड्वातं शुष्कोर्ध्वं चोर्ध्वभक्तिकैः |
घृतैः सपित्तं सकफं जयेत् स्नेहविरेचनैः ||३४||
घृतैः सपित्तं सकफं जयेत् स्नेहविरेचनैः ||३४||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
rūkṣasyānilajaṁ kāsamādau snēhairupācarēt|
rūkṣasyānilajaṁ kāsamādau snēhairupācarēt|
bastibhirbaddhaviDvAtaM shuShkordhvaM cordhvabhaktikaiH|
bastibhirbaddhaviDvAtaM shuShkordhvaM cordhvabhaktikaiH|
ghRutaiH sapittaM sakaphaM jayet snehavirecanaiH||34||
ghRutaiH sapittaM sakaphaM jayet snehavirecanaiH||34||
</div></div>
As ''rukshata'' will be more prominent in ''vataja'' type of ''kasa'' it should be treated with ''snehika upacharas. Ghrita pana,'' ''basti, peya , yusha, ksheera, mamsa rasa'' etc should be prepared with ''vataghna dravyas'' and is to be administered properly.
As ''rukshata'' will be more prominent in ''vataja'' type of ''kasa'' it should be treated with ''snehika upacharas. Ghrita pana,'' ''basti, peya , yusha, ksheera, mamsa rasa'' etc should be prepared with ''vataghna dravyas'' and is to be administered properly.
If it is associated with constipation and flatulence should be treated with ''basti''. If the person has dryness of upper part of the body, and is associated with aggravated ''pitta'', then he should be given medicated ''ghrita'' after intake of food. If the person has dryness of the upper part of the body associated with ''pitta'' aggravation then he should be treated with ''snigdha virechana''.[32-34]
If it is associated with constipation and flatulence should be treated with ''basti''. If the person has dryness of upper part of the body, and is associated with aggravated ''pitta'', then he should be given medicated ''ghrita'' after intake of food. If the person has dryness of the upper part of the body associated with ''pitta'' aggravation then he should be treated with ''snigdha virechana''.[32-34]
=== ''Kantakari ghrita'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
कण्टकारीगुडूचीभ्यां पृथक् त्रिंशत्पलाद्रसे |
कण्टकारीगुडूचीभ्यां पृथक् त्रिंशत्पलाद्रसे |
इति कण्टकारीघृतम् |
इति कण्टकारीघृतम् |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
kaṇṭakārīguḍūcībhyāṁ pr̥thak triṁśatpalādrasē|
kaṇṭakārīguḍūcībhyāṁ pr̥thak triṁśatpalādrasē|
iti kaNTakArIghRutam|
iti kaNTakArIghRutam|
</div></div>
Thirty ''pala'' of ''kantakari'' and ''guduchi kashaya'' each is to be boiled with ''ghrita'' to prepare 1 ''Prastha'' of ''ghrita''. This particular ''ghrita'' is beneficial in ''vatika kasa''. It promotes the power of digestion. Thus ends the description of ''kantakari ghrita''.[35]
Thirty ''pala'' of ''kantakari'' and ''guduchi kashaya'' each is to be boiled with ''ghrita'' to prepare 1 ''Prastha'' of ''ghrita''. This particular ''ghrita'' is beneficial in ''vatika kasa''. It promotes the power of digestion. Thus ends the description of ''kantakari ghrita''.[35]
=== ''Pippalyadi ghrita'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
पिप्पलीपिप्पलीमूलचव्यचित्रकनागरैः |
पिप्पलीपिप्पलीमूलचव्यचित्रकनागरैः |
इति पिप्पल्यादिघृतम् |
इति पिप्पल्यादिघृतम् |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
pippalīpippalīmūlacavyacitrakanāgaraiḥ|
pippalīpippalīmūlacavyacitrakanāgaraiḥ|
iti pippalyAdighRutam|
iti pippalyAdighRutam|
</div></div>
One ''prastha'' of ''ghrita'' is to be cooked by adding one ''adhaka'' of the decoction of ''dashamoola'' and the paste of one ''kola'' of each ''pippali, pippali-moola, chavya, chitraka, nagara, dhanyaka, patha, vacha, rasna, yashtimadhu, kshara'', and ''hingu''. Intake of one ''chaturthika'' (''pala'') of this ''ghrita'' along with ''peya, manda'' is beneficial in ''shwasa, kasa, hridroga, parshwashoola, grahani'' and ''gulma''. This particular formulation is known as ''pipplyaadi ghrita'' and is propounded by Atreya.
One ''prastha'' of ''ghrita'' is to be cooked by adding one ''adhaka'' of the decoction of ''dashamoola'' and the paste of one ''kola'' of each ''pippali, pippali-moola, chavya, chitraka, nagara, dhanyaka, patha, vacha, rasna, yashtimadhu, kshara'', and ''hingu''. Intake of one ''chaturthika'' (''pala'') of this ''ghrita'' along with ''peya, manda'' is beneficial in ''shwasa, kasa, hridroga, parshwashoola, grahani'' and ''gulma''. This particular formulation is known as ''pipplyaadi ghrita'' and is propounded by Atreya.
Thus ends the description of ''pipplyadi-ghrita''.[36-38]
Thus ends the description of ''pipplyadi-ghrita''.[36-38]
=== ''Tryushanadi ghrita'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
त्र्यूषणं त्रिफलां द्राक्षां काश्मर्याणि परूषकम् |
त्र्यूषणं त्रिफलां द्राक्षां काश्मर्याणि परूषकम् |
इति त्र्यूषणाद्यं घृतम् |
इति त्र्यूषणाद्यं घृतम् |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
tryūṣaṇaṁ triphalāṁ drākṣāṁ kāśmaryāṇi parūṣakam|
tryūṣaṇaṁ triphalāṁ drākṣāṁ kāśmaryāṇi parūṣakam|
dvē pāṭhē dēvadārvr̥ddhiṁ svaguptāṁ citrakaṁ śaṭīm||39||
dvē pāṭhē dēvadārvr̥ddhiṁ svaguptāṁ citrakaṁ śaṭīm||39||
iti tryUShaNAdyaM ghRutam|
iti tryUShaNAdyaM ghRutam|
</div></div>
One ''prastha'' of ''ghrita'' should be cooked by adding four ''prasthas'' of milk and the paste of one ''karsha'' each of ''tryushana, triphala, draksha, kashmari, parushaka, dve patha'' (''patha, raja patha''), ''devadaru, rddhi, swagupta, chitraka, shati, brahmi, tamalaki, meda, kakanasa, shatavari, trikantaka, vidari''. This is an effective ''kasahara'' formulation. It also cures ''jwara, gulma, aruchi, pleeha, shirah shoola, hrit shoola, parshwa shoola, kamala, arshas, ashtheela, kshata, shosha, kshaya''. This well known formulation is named as ''tryushanadi ghrita''.
One ''prastha'' of ''ghrita'' should be cooked by adding four ''prasthas'' of milk and the paste of one ''karsha'' each of ''tryushana, triphala, draksha, kashmari, parushaka, dve patha'' (''patha, raja patha''), ''devadaru, rddhi, swagupta, chitraka, shati, brahmi, tamalaki, meda, kakanasa, shatavari, trikantaka, vidari''. This is an effective ''kasahara'' formulation. It also cures ''jwara, gulma, aruchi, pleeha, shirah shoola, hrit shoola, parshwa shoola, kamala, arshas, ashtheela, kshata, shosha, kshaya''. This well known formulation is named as ''tryushanadi ghrita''.
Thus ends the description of ''tryushanadi ghrita''. [39-42]
Thus ends the description of ''tryushanadi ghrita''. [39-42]
=== ''Rasna ghritam'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
द्रोणेऽपां साधयेद्रास्नां दशमूलीं शतावरीम् |
द्रोणेऽपां साधयेद्रास्नां दशमूलीं शतावरीम् |
इति रास्नाघृतम् |
इति रास्नाघृतम् |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
drōṇē'pāṁ sādhayēdrāsnāṁ daśamūlīṁ śatāvarīm|
drōṇē'pāṁ sādhayēdrāsnāṁ daśamūlīṁ śatāvarīm|
iti rAsnAghRutam|
iti rAsnAghRutam|
</div></div>
In one ''drona'' of water, one ''pala'' of each of ''rasna, dashamoolas,'' one ''manika'' of each of ''kulattha, badara, yava'' and half ''tula'' of ''ajamamsa'' should be added and boiled till one fourth of water remains. To this decoction, one ''adhaka'' of each of ''ghrita, ksheera'' and one ''pala'' of each of ten drugs belonging to ''jivaneeya'' (''dashemani'') should be added and cooked. This prepared ''ghrita'' should be used in the form of ''nasya, pana'' and ''anuvasana'', after proper assessment of the stages of ''vataroga''. This cures five types of ''kasa, shirahshoola, kamparoga, vankshna'' and ''yoni roga'', diseases afflicting whole body or only one limb of the body, ''pleeha roga, urdhwa vata''.
In one ''drona'' of water, one ''pala'' of each of ''rasna, dashamoolas,'' one ''manika'' of each of ''kulattha, badara, yava'' and half ''tula'' of ''ajamamsa'' should be added and boiled till one fourth of water remains. To this decoction, one ''adhaka'' of each of ''ghrita, ksheera'' and one ''pala'' of each of ten drugs belonging to ''jivaneeya'' (''dashemani'') should be added and cooked. This prepared ''ghrita'' should be used in the form of ''nasya, pana'' and ''anuvasana'', after proper assessment of the stages of ''vataroga''. This cures five types of ''kasa, shirahshoola, kamparoga, vankshna'' and ''yoni roga'', diseases afflicting whole body or only one limb of the body, ''pleeha roga, urdhwa vata''.
Thus ends the description of ''rasna- ghrita''.[43-46]
Thus ends the description of ''rasna- ghrita''.[43-46]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
विडङ्गं नागरं रास्ना पिप्पली हिङ्गु सैन्धवम् |
विडङ्गं नागरं रास्ना पिप्पली हिङ्गु सैन्धवम् |
विडङ्गं सैन्धवं कुष्ठं व्योषं हिङ्गु मनःशिलाम् |
विडङ्गं सैन्धवं कुष्ठं व्योषं हिङ्गु मनःशिलाम् |
मधुसर्पिर्युतं कासहिक्काश्वासं जयेल्लिहन् ||५२||
मधुसर्पिर्युतं कासहिक्काश्वासं जयेल्लिहन् ||५२||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
viḍaṅgaṁ nāgaraṁ rāsnā pippalī hiṅgu saindhavam|
viḍaṅgaṁ nāgaraṁ rāsnā pippalī hiṅgu saindhavam|
viDa~ggaM saindhavaM kuShThaM vyoShaM hi~ggu manaHshilAm|
viDa~ggaM saindhavaM kuShThaM vyoShaM hi~ggu manaHshilAm|
madhusarpiryutaM [1] kAsahikkAshvAsaM jayellihan||52||
madhusarpiryutaM [1] kAsahikkAshvAsaM jayellihan||52||
</div></div>
Intake of the powder prepared out of ''vidanga, nagara, rasna, pippali, hingu, saindhava lavana, bharangi'' and ''kshara'' along with appropriate quantity of ''ghrita'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa, kaphaja kasa, shwasa, hikka'' and suppression of digestion power.
Intake of the powder prepared out of ''vidanga, nagara, rasna, pippali, hingu, saindhava lavana, bharangi'' and ''kshara'' along with appropriate quantity of ''ghrita'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa, kaphaja kasa, shwasa, hikka'' and suppression of digestion power.
Powder prepared out of ''vidanga, saindhava lavana, kushtha, vyosha, hingu, manahshila'' taken along with ''madhua'' and ''sarpi'' in the form of ''leha'' eradicates ''kasa, hikka'' and ''shwasa''.[47-52]
Powder prepared out of ''vidanga, saindhava lavana, kushtha, vyosha, hingu, manahshila'' taken along with ''madhua'' and ''sarpi'' in the form of ''leha'' eradicates ''kasa, hikka'' and ''shwasa''.[47-52]
=== ''Chitrakadi leha'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
चित्रकं पिप्पलीमूलं व्योषं हिङ्गु दुरालभाम् |
चित्रकं पिप्पलीमूलं व्योषं हिङ्गु दुरालभाम् |
इति चित्रकादिलेहः |
इति चित्रकादिलेहः |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
citrakaṁ pippalīmūlaṁ vyōṣaṁ hiṅgu durālabhām|
citrakaṁ pippalīmūlaṁ vyōṣaṁ hiṅgu durālabhām|
iti citrakAdilehaH|
iti citrakAdilehaH|
</div></div>
In half ''tula'' of the decoction of ''nidigdhika''(Solanum xanthocarpum), the powder or paste of one ''karsha'' of each of ''chitraka, pippalimula, vyosha, hingu, duralabha, shati, pushkaramoola, shreyasi, surasa, vacha, bharangi, chinnaruha, rasna, shringi, draksha'' should be added. To this twenty ''palas'' of ''matsyandika'' and one ''kudava'' of ''ghrita'' should be added and cooked, There after when it becomes cool, one ''kudava'' of each of ''madhu, pippali'' powder, four ''palas'' of the powder of ''tugakshiri'' should be added. This ''leha'' will cure ''kasa, hridroga, shwasa, gulma''.
In half ''tula'' of the decoction of ''nidigdhika''(Solanum xanthocarpum), the powder or paste of one ''karsha'' of each of ''chitraka, pippalimula, vyosha, hingu, duralabha, shati, pushkaramoola, shreyasi, surasa, vacha, bharangi, chinnaruha, rasna, shringi, draksha'' should be added. To this twenty ''palas'' of ''matsyandika'' and one ''kudava'' of ''ghrita'' should be added and cooked, There after when it becomes cool, one ''kudava'' of each of ''madhu, pippali'' powder, four ''palas'' of the powder of ''tugakshiri'' should be added. This ''leha'' will cure ''kasa, hridroga, shwasa, gulma''.
Thus ends the description of ''chitrakadi leha''.[53-56]
Thus ends the description of ''chitrakadi leha''.[53-56]
=== ''Agastya haritaki'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
दशमूलीं स्वयङ्गुप्तां शङ्खपुष्पीं शटीं बलाम् |
दशमूलीं स्वयङ्गुप्तां शङ्खपुष्पीं शटीं बलाम् |
इत्यगस्त्यहरीतकी |
इत्यगस्त्यहरीतकी |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
daśamūlīṁ svayaṅguptāṁ śaṅkhapuṣpīṁ śaṭīṁ balām|
daśamūlīṁ svayaṅguptāṁ śaṅkhapuṣpīṁ śaṭīṁ balām|
agastyavihitaM shreShThaM rasAyanamidaM shubham||62||
agastyavihitaM shreShThaM rasAyanamidaM shubham||62||
ityagastyaharItakI|
ityagastyaharItakI|
</div></div>
Two palas of each among ''dashamoola, swayamgupta, shankahpushpi, shati, bala, hasti pippali, apamarga, pippalimoola, chitraka, bharangi, pushkaramoola'' should be added with one ''adhaka'' of water, these drugs should be cooked till the grains of ''yava'' becomes soft. And then decoction should be strained out. These hundred fruits of ''abhaya'' should be added with above mentioned decoction, one ''tula'' of ''guda'', one ''kudava'' of ''ghrita, taila'' and powder of ''pippali''. This is to be cooked and after attaining coldness one ''kudava'' of ''makshika'' is to be added.
Two palas of each among ''dashamoola, swayamgupta, shankahpushpi, shati, bala, hasti pippali, apamarga, pippalimoola, chitraka, bharangi, pushkaramoola'' should be added with one ''adhaka'' of water, these drugs should be cooked till the grains of ''yava'' becomes soft. And then decoction should be strained out. These hundred fruits of ''abhaya'' should be added with above mentioned decoction, one ''tula'' of ''guda'', one ''kudava'' of ''ghrita, taila'' and powder of ''pippali''. This is to be cooked and after attaining coldness one ''kudava'' of ''makshika'' is to be added.
Thus, ends the description of ''Agastya-haritaki''.[57-62]
Thus, ends the description of ''Agastya-haritaki''.[57-62]
=== Other formulations ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
सैन्धवं पिप्पलीं भार्गीं शृङ्गवेरं दुरालभाम् |
सैन्धवं पिप्पलीं भार्गीं शृङ्गवेरं दुरालभाम् |
पिबेत् खदिरसारं वा मदिरादधिमस्तुभिः |
पिबेत् खदिरसारं वा मदिरादधिमस्तुभिः |
अथवा पिप्पलीकल्कं घृतभृष्टं ससैन्धवम् ||६४||
अथवा पिप्पलीकल्कं घृतभृष्टं ससैन्धवम् ||६४||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
saindhavaṁ pippalīṁ bhārgīṁ śr̥ṅgavēraṁ durālabhām|
saindhavaṁ pippalīṁ bhārgīṁ śr̥ṅgavēraṁ durālabhām|
pibet khadirasAraM [1] vA madirAdadhimastubhiH|
pibet khadirasAraM [1] vA madirAdadhimastubhiH|
athavA pippalIkalkaM ghRutabhRuShTaM sasaindhavam||64||
athavA pippalIkalkaM ghRutabhRuShTaM sasaindhavam||64||
</div></div>
Intake of the powder of ''saindhava, pippali, bharangi, shringavera'' and ''duralabha'' along with lukewarm juice of sour ''dadima'' or the decoction of ''nagara'' cures ''vataja kasa''.
Intake of the powder of ''saindhava, pippali, bharangi, shringavera'' and ''duralabha'' along with lukewarm juice of sour ''dadima'' or the decoction of ''nagara'' cures ''vataja kasa''.
Intake of ''khadira saara'' along with ''madira'' or ''takra''; intake of ''pippali'' fried with ''ghrita'' mixed with ''saindhava'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa''. [63-64]
Intake of ''khadira saara'' along with ''madira'' or ''takra''; intake of ''pippali'' fried with ''ghrita'' mixed with ''saindhava'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa''. [63-64]
=== ''Dhuma'' (medicated smoking) formulations ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
शिरसः पीडने स्रावे नासाया हृदि ताम्यति |
शिरसः पीडने स्रावे नासाया हृदि ताम्यति |
स ह्यस्य तैक्ष्ण्याद्विच्छिद्य श्लेष्माणमुरसि स्थितम् |
स ह्यस्य तैक्ष्ण्याद्विच्छिद्य श्लेष्माणमुरसि स्थितम् |
निष्कृष्य शमयेत् कासं वातश्लेष्मसमुद्भवम् ||६८||
निष्कृष्य शमयेत् कासं वातश्लेष्मसमुद्भवम् ||६८||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
śirasaḥ pīḍanē srāvē nāsāyā hr̥di tāmyati|
śirasaḥ pīḍanē srāvē nāsāyā hr̥di tāmyati|
sa hyasya taikShNyAdvicchidya shleShmANamurasi sthitam|
sa hyasya taikShNyAdvicchidya shleShmANamurasi sthitam|
niShkRuShya shamayet kAsaM vAtashleShmasamudbhavam||68||
niShkRuShya shamayet kAsaM vAtashleShmasamudbhavam||68||
</div></div>
If there is pain in the ''shiras, nasa srava, arrhythmia'' of ''hridaya'' and ''pratishyaya'' in ''kasa'' then the physician should administer ''dhuma''. A wise physician should keep the ingredients of the recipe which cause elimination of ''doshas'' from the head inside two earthen plates with their brims sealed with mud-smeared cloth. In the upper plate there should be a hole to which a tube, ten or eight ''angulas'' in length, should be inserted in slightly curved form. The patient suffering from ''kasa'' should smoke the fume emanating from this tube through his mouth. After the smoke pervades the entire chest, it should be smoked out through the mouth. Because of the sharpness of the ingredients used in this recipe, the phlegm located in the chest gets detached and forcibly thrown out as a result of which ''kasa'' caused by ''vayu'' and ''kapha'' gets alleviated. [65-68]
If there is pain in the ''shiras, nasa srava, arrhythmia'' of ''hridaya'' and ''pratishyaya'' in ''kasa'' then the physician should administer ''dhuma''. A wise physician should keep the ingredients of the recipe which cause elimination of ''doshas'' from the head inside two earthen plates with their brims sealed with mud-smeared cloth. In the upper plate there should be a hole to which a tube, ten or eight ''angulas'' in length, should be inserted in slightly curved form. The patient suffering from ''kasa'' should smoke the fume emanating from this tube through his mouth. After the smoke pervades the entire chest, it should be smoked out through the mouth. Because of the sharpness of the ingredients used in this recipe, the phlegm located in the chest gets detached and forcibly thrown out as a result of which ''kasa'' caused by ''vayu'' and ''kapha'' gets alleviated. [65-68]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
मनःशिलालमधुकमांसीमुस्तेङ्गुदैः पिबेत् |
मनःशिलालमधुकमांसीमुस्तेङ्गुदैः पिबेत् |
त्वगैङ्गुदी बृहत्यौ द्वे तालमूली मनःशिला |
त्वगैङ्गुदी बृहत्यौ द्वे तालमूली मनःशिला |
कार्पासास्थ्यश्वगन्धा च धूमः कासविनाशनः ||७५||
कार्पासास्थ्यश्वगन्धा च धूमः कासविनाशनः ||७५||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
manaḥśilālamadhukamāṁsīmustēṅgudaiḥ pibēt|
manaḥśilālamadhukamāṁsīmustēṅgudaiḥ pibēt|
tvagai~ggudI bRuhatyau dve tAlamUlI manaHshilA|
tvagai~ggudI bRuhatyau dve tAlamUlI manaHshilA|
kArpAsAsthyashvagandhA ca dhUmaH kAsavinAshanaH||75||
kArpAsAsthyashvagandhA ca dhUmaH kAsavinAshanaH||75||
</div></div>
Intake of lukewarm milk along with guda after the ''dhumapana'' using ''manahshila, ala''(''haritala''), ''madhuka, jatamansi, ingudi'' cures ''kasa'' of ''prthakdosha'' (three ''doshas'' individually) or ''sannipatika''. This can cure such ailments which were not cured even after the treatment with hundred other recipes.
Intake of lukewarm milk along with guda after the ''dhumapana'' using ''manahshila, ala''(''haritala''), ''madhuka, jatamansi, ingudi'' cures ''kasa'' of ''prthakdosha'' (three ''doshas'' individually) or ''sannipatika''. This can cure such ailments which were not cured even after the treatment with hundred other recipes.
''Dhuma'' therapy using bark of ''ingudi, brihati, kantakari, talamuli, manahshila, karpasasthi'' (Seeds of ''karpasa''), ''ashwagandha'' cures ''kasa''. [69-75]
''Dhuma'' therapy using bark of ''ingudi, brihati, kantakari, talamuli, manahshila, karpasasthi'' (Seeds of ''karpasa''), ''ashwagandha'' cures ''kasa''. [69-75]
=== Diet recipes ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
ग्राम्यानूपौदकैः शालियवगोधूमषष्टिकान् |
ग्राम्यानूपौदकैः शालियवगोधूमषष्टिकान् |
इति वातकासचिकित्सा |
इति वातकासचिकित्सा |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
grāmyānūpaudakaiḥ śāliyavagōdhūmaṣaṣṭikān|
grāmyānūpaudakaiḥ śāliyavagōdhūmaṣaṣṭikān|
iti vAtakAsacikitsA|
iti vAtakAsacikitsA|
</div></div>
Intake of ''shashtikashali, shali, yava, godhuma'' along with the ''mamsa rasa'' or ''yusha'' prepared out of ''masha'' or ''Atmagupta'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa. Peya'' prepared out of ''yavani, pippali, bilwa, nagara, chitraka, rasna, ajaji, prithakparni, palasha, shati'' and ''pushkaramoola'' by adding ''snigdha, amla'' and ''lavana dravyas'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa''. This particular ''peya'' is helpful in curing ''vataja kasa'' associated with ''shoola'' in ''kati, parshwa, koshta, hikka'' and ''shwasa''.
Intake of ''shashtikashali, shali, yava, godhuma'' along with the ''mamsa rasa'' or ''yusha'' prepared out of ''masha'' or ''Atmagupta'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa. Peya'' prepared out of ''yavani, pippali, bilwa, nagara, chitraka, rasna, ajaji, prithakparni, palasha, shati'' and ''pushkaramoola'' by adding ''snigdha, amla'' and ''lavana dravyas'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa''. This particular ''peya'' is helpful in curing ''vataja kasa'' associated with ''shoola'' in ''kati, parshwa, koshta, hikka'' and ''shwasa''.
''Peya'' prepared out of ''matsya, kukkuta, varaha mamsa'' by adding ''ghrita'' and ''saindhava lavana'' should be taken by a person suffering from ''vataja kasa''. Vegetables like ''vastuka, vayasi, mulaka, sunishannaka'' should be used in ''vataja kasa'' along with adequate quantity of ''sneha, kshera, ikshurasa'' and ''gud''. ''Aranala, amla phala, prasanna'' etc foods and drinks which are ''madhura, amla, lavana'' in nature are useful in ''vataja kasa''.[76-82]
''Peya'' prepared out of ''matsya, kukkuta, varaha mamsa'' by adding ''ghrita'' and ''saindhava lavana'' should be taken by a person suffering from ''vataja kasa''. Vegetables like ''vastuka, vayasi, mulaka, sunishannaka'' should be used in ''vataja kasa'' along with adequate quantity of ''sneha, kshera, ikshurasa'' and ''gud''. ''Aranala, amla phala, prasanna'' etc foods and drinks which are ''madhura, amla, lavana'' in nature are useful in ''vataja kasa''.[76-82]
=== Management of ''pittaja kasa'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
पैत्तिके सकफे कासे वमनं सर्पिषा हितम् |
पैत्तिके सकफे कासे वमनं सर्पिषा हितम् |
इति पित्तकासचिकित्सा |
इति पित्तकासचिकित्सा |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
paittikē sakaphē kāsē vamanaṁ sarpiṣā hitam|
paittikē sakaphē kāsē vamanaṁ sarpiṣā hitam|
sarpiH siddhaM pibedyuktyA pittakAsanibarhaNam||107||
sarpiH siddhaM pibedyuktyA pittakAsanibarhaNam||107||
iti pittakAsacikitsA|
iti pittakAsacikitsA|
</div></div>
If ''pittaja kasa'' is associated with the aggravation of ''kapha'', then ''vamanakarma'' is to be advised with ''ghrita'' or using the ''kashaya'' prepared out of ''madana, kashmari, madhuka''. ''Vamana'' can also be induced by using the ''klaka'' of ''madanaphal'' and ''madhuyashti'' along with ''vidari'' and ''ikshurasa''. Once after the elimination of aggravated ''doshas'' he should be treated with ''sheeta'' and ''madhura aharas''.
If ''pittaja kasa'' is associated with the aggravation of ''kapha'', then ''vamanakarma'' is to be advised with ''ghrita'' or using the ''kashaya'' prepared out of ''madana, kashmari, madhuka''. ''Vamana'' can also be induced by using the ''klaka'' of ''madanaphal'' and ''madhuyashti'' along with ''vidari'' and ''ikshurasa''. Once after the elimination of aggravated ''doshas'' he should be treated with ''sheeta'' and ''madhura aharas''.
Thus ends the description of ''pittaja kasa''. [83-107]
Thus ends the description of ''pittaja kasa''. [83-107]
=== Management of ''kaphaja kasa'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
बलिनं वमनैरादौ शोधितं कफकासिनम् |
बलिनं वमनैरादौ शोधितं कफकासिनम् |
पौष्करारग्वधं मूलं पटोलं तैर्निशास्थितम् |
पौष्करारग्वधं मूलं पटोलं तैर्निशास्थितम् |
जलं मधुयुतं पेयं कालेष्वन्नस्य वा त्रिषु ||१११||
जलं मधुयुतं पेयं कालेष्वन्नस्य वा त्रिषु ||१११||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
balinaṁ vamanairādau śōdhitaṁ kaphakāsinam|
balinaṁ vamanairādau śōdhitaṁ kaphakāsinam|
pauShkarAragvadhaM mUlaM paTolaM tairnishAsthitam|
pauShkarAragvadhaM mUlaM paTolaM tairnishAsthitam|
jalaM madhuyutaM peyaM kAleShvannasya vA triShu||111||
jalaM madhuyutaM peyaM kAleShvannasya vA triShu||111||
</div></div>
If the person suffering from ''kaphaja kasa'' is strong, then he should follow ''shodhana'' procedure by means of ''vamana''. There after he should be given with ''yava'' and such other ''kaphaghna'' food which are ''katu, ruksha'' and ''ushna'' in nature.
If the person suffering from ''kaphaja kasa'' is strong, then he should follow ''shodhana'' procedure by means of ''vamana''. There after he should be given with ''yava'' and such other ''kaphaghna'' food which are ''katu, ruksha'' and ''ushna'' in nature.
Drinks such as ''madhu, amala rasa,'' warm water, butter milk or harmless ''madya'' are preferred in ''kaphaja kasa''. Roots of ''pushkaramoola, argwadha, patola, tinisha'' should be kept in water for whole night. Next morning water should be strained out and added with ''madhu''. This should be taken before, during and after food. [108-111]
Drinks such as ''madhu, amala rasa,'' warm water, butter milk or harmless ''madya'' are preferred in ''kaphaja kasa''. Roots of ''pushkaramoola, argwadha, patola, tinisha'' should be kept in water for whole night. Next morning water should be strained out and added with ''madhu''. This should be taken before, during and after food. [108-111]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
कट्फलं कत्तृणं भार्गीं मुस्तं धान्यं वचाभये |
कट्फलं कत्तृणं भार्गीं मुस्तं धान्यं वचाभये |
दशमूलाढके प्रस्थं घृतस्याक्षसमैः पचेत् |
दशमूलाढके प्रस्थं घृतस्याक्षसमैः पचेत् |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
kaṭphalaṁ kattr̥ṇaṁ bhārgīṁ mustaṁ dhānyaṁ vacābhayē|
kaṭphalaṁ kattr̥ṇaṁ bhārgīṁ mustaṁ dhānyaṁ vacābhayē|
sauvarcalAbhayAdhAtrIpippalIkShAranAgaram|
sauvarcalAbhayAdhAtrIpippalIkShAranAgaram|
cUrNitaM sarpiShA vAtakaphakAsaharaM pibet||122||
cUrNitaM sarpiShA vAtakaphakAsaharaM pibet||122||
</div></div>
Decoction prepared by boiling drugs such as ''katphala, kuttrana, bharangi, musta, dhanyaka, vacha, abhaya, shunthi, parpata, shrungi'' and ''surahva'' is to be used in ''kasa'' associated with ''vata'' and ''kapha'' along with ''madhu'' and ''hingu''. This is also beneficial in ''kantharoga, mukha roga, shoola, shwasa, hikka'' and ''jwara''.
Decoction prepared by boiling drugs such as ''katphala, kuttrana, bharangi, musta, dhanyaka, vacha, abhaya, shunthi, parpata, shrungi'' and ''surahva'' is to be used in ''kasa'' associated with ''vata'' and ''kapha'' along with ''madhu'' and ''hingu''. This is also beneficial in ''kantharoga, mukha roga, shoola, shwasa, hikka'' and ''jwara''.
Intake of the powder prepared out of ''souvarchala, abhaya, dhatri, pipplai, kshara'' and ''nagara'' taken along with ''ghrita'' cures ''kasa'' caused by ''vata'' and ''kapha''. [112-122]
Intake of the powder prepared out of ''souvarchala, abhaya, dhatri, pipplai, kshara'' and ''nagara'' taken along with ''ghrita'' cures ''kasa'' caused by ''vata'' and ''kapha''. [112-122]
=== ''Dashamuladi ghritam'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
पुष्कराह्वशटीबिल्वसुरसव्योषहिङ्गुभिः ||१२३||
पुष्कराह्वशटीबिल्वसुरसव्योषहिङ्गुभिः ||१२३||
इति दशमूलादिघृतम् |
इति दशमूलादिघृतम् |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
daśamūlāḍhakē prasthaṁ ghr̥tasyākṣasamaiḥ pacēt|
daśamūlāḍhakē prasthaṁ ghr̥tasyākṣasamaiḥ pacēt|
iti dashamUlAdighRutam|
iti dashamUlAdighRutam|
</div></div>
One ''prastha'' of ''dashamoola'' should be cooked by adding one ''adhaka'' of the decoction of ''dashamoola'' and the paste of one ''aksha'' each of ''pushkar-moola, shati, bilva, surasa, shunthi, pippali, maricha'' and ''hingu''. Administration of this ghee followed by ''peya'' as ''anupana'' cure ''vatakaphaja kasa, shwasa roga''.
One ''prastha'' of ''dashamoola'' should be cooked by adding one ''adhaka'' of the decoction of ''dashamoola'' and the paste of one ''aksha'' each of ''pushkar-moola, shati, bilva, surasa, shunthi, pippali, maricha'' and ''hingu''. Administration of this ghee followed by ''peya'' as ''anupana'' cure ''vatakaphaja kasa, shwasa roga''.
Thus ends the description of ''dashamooladi ghrita''. [123-124]
Thus ends the description of ''dashamooladi ghrita''. [123-124]
=== ''Kantakari ghritam'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
समूलफलपत्रायाः कण्टकार्या रसाढके |
समूलफलपत्रायाः कण्टकार्या रसाढके |
कण्टकारीघृतं ह्येतत् कफव्याधिनिसूदनम् ||१२८||
कण्टकारीघृतं ह्येतत् कफव्याधिनिसूदनम् ||१२८||
इति कण्टकारीघृतम् |
इति कण्टकारीघृतम् |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
samūlaphalapatrāyāḥ kaṇṭakāryā rasāḍhakē|
samūlaphalapatrāyāḥ kaṇṭakāryā rasāḍhakē|
iti kaṇṭakārīghr̥tam|
iti kaṇṭakārīghr̥tam|
samUlaphalapatrAyAH kaNTakAryA rasADhake|
samUlaphalapatrAyAH kaNTakAryA rasADhake|
ghRutaprasthaM balAvyoShaviDa~ggashaTicitrakaiH||125||
ghRutaprasthaM balAvyoShaviDa~ggashaTicitrakaiH||125||
iti kaNTakArIghRutam|
iti kaNTakArIghRutam|
</div></div>
One ''adhaka'' of ''kantakari kashaya'' should be prepared using its root, fruit and leaves. This is to be processed with one ''prastha'' of ''ghrita'' by adding the paste of ''bala, shunthi, pippali, maricha, vidanga, shati, chitraka, sauvarchala, yavakshara, pippalimula, pushkarmoola, vrischira, brihati, pathya, yavani, dadima, riddhi, draksha, punaranava, chavya, duralabha, amlavetasa, shringi, tamalaki, bharangi, rasna'' and ''gokshuara''. This is beneficial in all types of ''kasa, hikka'' and ''shwasa''. This is known as ''kantakari ghrita'' and it cures all types of ''kaphaja'' diseases.
One ''adhaka'' of ''kantakari kashaya'' should be prepared using its root, fruit and leaves. This is to be processed with one ''prastha'' of ''ghrita'' by adding the paste of ''bala, shunthi, pippali, maricha, vidanga, shati, chitraka, sauvarchala, yavakshara, pippalimula, pushkarmoola, vrischira, brihati, pathya, yavani, dadima, riddhi, draksha, punaranava, chavya, duralabha, amlavetasa, shringi, tamalaki, bharangi, rasna'' and ''gokshuara''. This is beneficial in all types of ''kasa, hikka'' and ''shwasa''. This is known as ''kantakari ghrita'' and it cures all types of ''kaphaja'' diseases.
Thus ends the description of ''kantakari-ghrita''.
Thus ends the description of ''kantakari-ghrita''.
=== ''Kulatthadi ghritam'' ===
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कुलत्थरसयुक्तं वा पञ्चकोलशृतं घृतम् |
पाययेत् कफजे कासे हिक्काश्वासे च शस्यते ||१२९||
इति कुलत्थादिघृतम् |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
kulattharasayuktaṁ vā pañcakōlaśr̥taṁ ghr̥tam|
pāyayēt kaphajē kāsē hikkāśvāsē ca śasyatē||129||
iti kulatthādighr̥tam|
kulattharasayuktaM vA pa~jcakolashRutaM ghRutam|
pAyayet kaphaje kAse hikkAshvAse ca shasyate||129||
iti kulatthAdighRutam|
</div></div>
''Ghrita'' cooked with the decoction of ''kulattha'' or with that of ''panchakola'' is useful in ''kaphajakasa, hikka'' and ''shwasa''.
''Ghrita'' cooked with the decoction of ''kulattha'' or with that of ''panchakola'' is useful in ''kaphajakasa, hikka'' and ''shwasa''.
Thus ends the description of ''kulatthadi- ghrita''. [125-129]
Thus ends the description of ''kulatthadi- ghrita''. [125-129]
=== ''Dhuma formulations'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
धूमांस्तानेव दद्याच्च ये प्रोक्ता वातकासिनाम् |
धूमांस्तानेव दद्याच्च ये प्रोक्ता वातकासिनाम् |
कोशातकीफलान्मध्यं पिबेद्वा समनःशिलम् ||१३०||
कोशातकीफलान्मध्यं पिबेद्वा समनःशिलम् ||१३०||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
dhūmāṁstānēva dadyācca yē prōktā vātakāsinām|
dhūmāṁstānēva dadyācca yē prōktā vātakāsinām|
dhUmAMstAneva dadyAcca ye proktA vAtakAsinAm|
dhUmAMstAneva dadyAcca ye proktA vAtakAsinAm|
koshAtakIphalAnmadhyaM pibedvA samanaHshilam||130||
koshAtakIphalAnmadhyaM pibedvA samanaHshilam||130||
</div></div>
''Dhuma yogas'' which have been mentioned at the context of ''vatajakasa'' can also be administered in ''pittajakasa''. Specifically ''manshilla'' kept inside the ''koshataki phala majja'' is useful in the form of ''dhupana'' in ''kaphaja-kasa''. [130]
''Dhuma yogas'' which have been mentioned at the context of ''vatajakasa'' can also be administered in ''pittaja kasa''. Specifically ''manshilla'' kept inside the ''koshataki phala majja'' is useful in the form of ''dhupana'' in ''kaphaja-kasa''. [130]
=== Principles of treatment in various states of ''dosha'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
तमकः कफकासे तु स्याच्चेत् पित्तानुबन्धजः |
तमकः कफकासे तु स्याच्चेत् पित्तानुबन्धजः |
इति कफजकासचिकित्सा |
इति कफजकासचिकित्सा |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
tamakaḥ kaphakāsē tu syāccēt pittānubandhajaḥ|
tamakaḥ kaphakāsē tu syāccēt pittānubandhajaḥ|
iti kaphajakAsacikitsA|
iti kaphajakAsacikitsA|
</div></div>
If ''kaphajakasa'' is associated with ''tamaka''(a type of ''shwasa'') then at this stage of ''kasa'', therapies prescribed for ''pittaja kasa'' should be administered.
If ''kaphajakasa'' is associated with ''tamaka''(a type of ''shwasa'') then at this stage of ''kasa'', therapies prescribed for ''pittaja kasa'' should be administered.
Thus ends the description of ''kaphaja kasa''.[131-134]
Thus ends the description of ''kaphaja kasa''.[131-134]
=== Management of ''kshataja kasa'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
कासमात्ययिकं मत्वा क्षतजं त्वरया जयेत् |
कासमात्ययिकं मत्वा क्षतजं त्वरया जयेत् |
पचेल्लेहं घृतक्षौद्रयुक्तः स क्षतकासहा |
पचेल्लेहं घृतक्षौद्रयुक्तः स क्षतकासहा |
श्वासहृद्रोगकार्श्येषु हितो वृद्धेऽल्परेतसि ||१३७||
श्वासहृद्रोगकार्श्येषु हितो वृद्धेऽल्परेतसि ||१३७||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
kāsamātyayikaṁ matvā kṣatajaṁ tvarayā jayēt|
kāsamātyayikaṁ matvā kṣatajaṁ tvarayā jayēt|
pacellehaM ghRutakShaudrayuktaH sa kShatakAsahA|
pacellehaM ghRutakShaudrayuktaH sa kShatakAsahA|
shvAsahRudrogakArshyeShu hito vRuddhe~alparetasi||137||
shvAsahRudrogakArshyeShu hito vRuddhe~alparetasi||137||
</div></div>
''Kshatajakasa'' is a serious ailment. Keeping this in view the treatment of the patient should be initiated instantaneously with ''madhura'' and ''jivaniya dravyas'', which are promoters of ''bala'' and ''mamsa''.
''Kshatajakasa'' is a serious ailment. Keeping this in view the treatment of the patient should be initiated instantaneously with ''madhura'' and ''jivaniya dravyas'', which are promoters of ''bala'' and ''mamsa''.
The paste of one ''karsha'' of each of ''pippali, madhuka,'' one ''karsha'' of ''sitopala'', one ''prastha'' of each of cows milk, goats milk and ''ikshurasa'', one ''prastha'' of the powder of ''yava, godhuma, draksha'' and one ''prastha'' of each of the juice of ''amalaka'' and ''tilataila'' should be cooked over ''mridu agni''. Intake of this ''leha'' along with ''ghrita'' and ''madhu'' cures ''kshataja kasa, shwasa, hridroga'' and ''kshata''. It is also useful for old persons and those who have less semen.[134-137]
The paste of one ''karsha'' of each of ''pippali, madhuka,'' one ''karsha'' of ''sitopala'', one ''prastha'' of each of cows milk, goats milk and ''ikshurasa'', one ''prastha'' of the powder of ''yava, godhuma, draksha'' and one ''prastha'' of each of the juice of ''amalaka'' and ''tilataila'' should be cooked over ''mridu agni''. Intake of this ''leha'' along with ''ghrita'' and ''madhu'' cures ''kshataja kasa, shwasa, hridroga'' and ''kshata''. It is also useful for old persons and those who have less semen.[134-137]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
क्षतकासाभिभूतानां वृत्तिः स्यात् पित्तकासिकी |
क्षतकासाभिभूतानां वृत्तिः स्यात् पित्तकासिकी |
इति क्षतजकासचिकित्सा |
इति क्षतजकासचिकित्सा |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
kṣatakāsābhibhūtānāṁ vr̥ttiḥ syāt pittakāsikī|
kṣatakāsābhibhūtānāṁ vr̥ttiḥ syāt pittakāsikī|
iti kShatajakAsacikitsA|
iti kShatajakAsacikitsA|
</div></div>
The medicaments prescribed for the ''pittajakasa'' are also useful for ''kshatajakasa''. Generally milk, ghee and honey should be given to such patients. If two ''doshas'' are involved in the pathogenesis of this ailment then special therapies are required.
The medicaments prescribed for the ''pittajakasa'' are also useful for ''kshatajakasa''. Generally milk, ghee and honey should be given to such patients. If two ''doshas'' are involved in the pathogenesis of this ailment then special therapies are required.
The silk cloth should be soaked with ''jivaniya gana dravyas'' or with egg yolk of ''kulinga''. With this ''varti'' should be prepared and after ''dhumapana'', the person should take the milk soaked with hot iron balls. This is beneficial in ''kshataja kasa''.[138-148]
The silk cloth should be soaked with ''jivaniya gana dravyas'' or with egg yolk of ''kulinga''. With this ''varti'' should be prepared and after ''dhumapana'', the person should take the milk soaked with hot iron balls. This is beneficial in ''kshataja kasa''.[138-148]
=== Management of ''kshayaja kasa'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
सम्पूर्णरूपं क्षयजं दुर्बलस्य विवर्जयेत् |
सम्पूर्णरूपं क्षयजं दुर्बलस्य विवर्जयेत् |
औष्ण्यात् प्रमाथिभावाच्च स्रोतोभ्यश्च्यावयन्ति ते |
औष्ण्यात् प्रमाथिभावाच्च स्रोतोभ्यश्च्यावयन्ति ते |
कफं, शुद्धैश्च तैः पुष्टिं कुर्यात्सम्यग्वहन्रसः ||१५७||
कफं, शुद्धैश्च तैः पुष्टिं कुर्यात्सम्यग्वहन्रसः ||१५७||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
sampūrṇarūpaṁ kṣayajaṁ durbalasya vivarjayēt|
sampūrṇarūpaṁ kṣayajaṁ durbalasya vivarjayēt|
auShNyAt pramAthibhAvAcca srotobhyashcyAvayanti te|
auShNyAt pramAthibhAvAcca srotobhyashcyAvayanti te|
kaphaM, shuddhaishca taiH puShTiM kuryAtsamyagvahanrasaH||157||
kaphaM, shuddhaishca taiH puShTiM kuryAtsamyagvahanrasaH||157||
</div></div>
If ''kshayaja kasa'' is manifested with all the signs and symptoms, and if the patient is weak, then he should not be treated. However if the disease has recently occurred and if the patient is strong enough, then he may be treated even though the disease is incurable. In the beginning the person should be given ''brihmana'' therapy along with ''agni deepana''. If ''dosha'' aggravation is more, then he can be given mild purgation therapy along with ''snigdha dravyas''.
If ''kshayaja kasa'' is manifested with all the signs and symptoms, and if the patient is weak, then he should not be treated. However if the disease has recently occurred and if the patient is strong enough, then he may be treated even though the disease is incurable. In the beginning the person should be given ''brihmana'' therapy along with ''agni deepana''. If ''dosha'' aggravation is more, then he can be given mild purgation therapy along with ''snigdha dravyas''.
After ''anuvasana'' the person should be fed with ''mamsa rasa'' prepared out of ''jangala, prasaha, bileshaya,'' and ''vartakas''. Because of their ''ushnata, pramathi bhava'' these move properly in all ''srotas'' and cause dryness of ''kapha'' and simultaneously they nourish the ''srotas''.[149-157]
After ''anuvasana'' the person should be fed with ''mamsa rasa'' prepared out of ''jangala, prasaha, bileshaya,'' and ''vartakas''. Because of their ''ushnata, pramathi bhava'' these move properly in all ''srotas'' and cause dryness of ''kapha'' and simultaneously they nourish the ''srotas''.[149-157]
=== ''Dvi-panchamuladi ghritam'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
द्विपञ्चमूलीत्रिफलाचविकाभार्गिचित्रकैः |
द्विपञ्चमूलीत्रिफलाचविकाभार्गिचित्रकैः |
इति द्विपञ्चमूलादिघृतम् |
इति द्विपञ्चमूलादिघृतम् |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
dvipañcamūlītriphalācavikābhārgicitrakaiḥ|
dvipañcamūlītriphalācavikābhārgicitrakaiḥ|
iti dvipa~jcamUlAdighRutam|
iti dvipa~jcamUlAdighRutam|
</div></div>
Decoction should be prepared out of ''bilva, shyonaka, gambhari, patala, ganikarika, shalaparni, prashanaparni, brihati, kantakari, gokshuara, haritaki, bibhitaka, amalaki, chavika, bharangi, chitraka, kulattha, pippali moola, patha, kola'' and ''yava''. To this decoction ghee and the paste prepared out of ''nagara, dusparsha, pippali, shati, karkatashringi'' and ''pushkara'' should be added and ''ghritapachana'' should be done. After proper ''paka'' powder prepared out of ''yavakshara, sarjakshara, saindhava-lavana, samudra-lavana, sauvarchala-lavana, vida-lavana'' and ''audbhida-lavana'' is to be added. Intake of this cures ''kshayajakasa''.
Decoction should be prepared out of ''bilva, shyonaka, gambhari, patala, ganikarika, shalaparni, prashanaparni, brihati, kantakari, gokshuara, haritaki, bibhitaka, amalaki, chavika, bharangi, chitraka, kulattha, pippali moola, patha, kola'' and ''yava''. To this decoction ghee and the paste prepared out of ''nagara, dusparsha, pippali, shati, karkatashringi'' and ''pushkara'' should be added and ''ghritapachana'' should be done. After proper ''paka'' powder prepared out of ''yavakshara, sarjakshara, saindhava-lavana, samudra-lavana, sauvarchala-lavana, vida-lavana'' and ''audbhida-lavana'' is to be added. Intake of this cures ''kshayajakasa''.
Thus ends the description of ''dwi-pancha-mooladi-ghrita''.[158-160]
Thus ends the description of ''dwi-pancha-mooladi-ghrita''.[158-160]
=== ''Guduchyadi ghritam'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
गुडूचीं पिप्पलीं मूर्वां हरिद्रां श्रेयसीं वचाम् |
गुडूचीं पिप्पलीं मूर्वां हरिद्रां श्रेयसीं वचाम् |
इति गुडूच्यादिघृतम् |
इति गुडूच्यादिघृतम् |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
guḍūcīṁ pippalīṁ mūrvāṁ haridrāṁ śrēyasīṁ vacām|
guḍūcīṁ pippalīṁ mūrvāṁ haridrāṁ śrēyasīṁ vacām|
iti guDUcyAdighRutam|
iti guDUcyAdighRutam|
</div></div>
''Guduchi, pippali, murva, haridra, shreyasi, vacha, nidigdhika, kasmarda, patha, chitraka'' and ''nagara'' are to be boiled with four times of water, till the quantity of water reduces to one-fourth. To this decoction equal quantity of ''ghrita'' should be added and cooked. Intake of this cures ''gulma, shwasa'' and ''kshayajakasa''.
''Guduchi, pippali, murva, haridra, shreyasi, vacha, nidigdhika, kasmarda, patha, chitraka'' and ''nagara'' are to be boiled with four times of water, till the quantity of water reduces to one-fourth. To this decoction equal quantity of ''ghrita'' should be added and cooked. Intake of this cures ''gulma, shwasa'' and ''kshayajakasa''.
Thus ends the description of ''guduchyaadi-ghrita''.[161-162]
Thus ends the description of ''guduchyaadi-ghrita''.[161-162]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
कासमर्दाभयामुस्तपाठाकट्फलनागरैः |
कासमर्दाभयामुस्तपाठाकट्फलनागरैः |
एतान्यग्निविवृद्ध्यर्थं सर्पींषि क्षयकासिनाम् |
एतान्यग्निविवृद्ध्यर्थं सर्पींषि क्षयकासिनाम् |
स्युर्दोषबद्धकोष्ठोरःस्रोतसां च विशुद्धये ||१६७||
स्युर्दोषबद्धकोष्ठोरःस्रोतसां च विशुद्धये ||१६७||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
kāsamardābhayāmustapāṭhākaṭphalanāgaraiḥ|
kāsamardābhayāmustapāṭhākaṭphalanāgaraiḥ|
etAnyagnivivRuddhyarthaM sarpIMShi kShayakAsinAm|
etAnyagnivivRuddhyarthaM sarpIMShi kShayakAsinAm|
syurdoShabaddhakoShThoraHsrotasAM ca vishuddhaye||167||
syurdoShabaddhakoShThoraHsrotasAM ca vishuddhaye||167||
</div></div>
One ''prastha'' of ''ghrita'' should be cooked by adding the paste of one ''aksha'' of each of ''kasamarda, abhaya, musta, patha, katphala, nagara, pippali, katuka, draksha, kashmarya'' and ''surasa''; one ''adhaka'' of milk and one ''adhaka'' of grape juice. Thus prepared ''ghrita'' is considered as auspicious, and cures ''shosha, jwara, pleeha'' and ''kasa''.
One ''prastha'' of ''ghrita'' should be cooked by adding the paste of one ''aksha'' of each of ''kasamarda, abhaya, musta, patha, katphala, nagara, pippali, katuka, draksha, kashmarya'' and ''surasa''; one ''adhaka'' of milk and one ''adhaka'' of grape juice. Thus prepared ''ghrita'' is considered as auspicious, and cures ''shosha, jwara, pleeha'' and ''kasa''.
All the above mentioned ''ghrita'' will promote agni of the patient suffering from ''kshayajakasa''. These also cleanse the adhered ''doshas'' from the ''srotas'' of ''koshtha'' and ''uras''.[163-167]
All the above mentioned ''ghrita'' will promote agni of the patient suffering from ''kshayajakasa''. These also cleanse the adhered ''doshas'' from the ''srotas'' of ''koshtha'' and ''uras''.[163-167]
=== ''Haritaki leha'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
हरीतकीर्यवक्वाथद्व्याढके विंशतिं पचेत् |
हरीतकीर्यवक्वाथद्व्याढके विंशतिं पचेत् |
इति हरीतकीलेहः |
इति हरीतकीलेहः |
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
harītakīryavakvāthadvyāḍhakē viṁśatiṁ pacēt|
harītakīryavakvāthadvyāḍhakē viṁśatiṁ pacēt|
iti harItakIlehaH|
iti harItakIlehaH|
</div></div>
Twenty fruits of ''haritaki'' should be boiled with one ''adhaka'' of ''yava kashaya''. These boiled and soft fruits of ''haritaki'' are to be smashed. To this paste, six ''palas'' of ''purana gud'', one ''karsha'' of ''rasanjana'', half ''kudava'' of ''pippali'' should be added and cooked. This particular ''leha'' cures ''shwasa'' and ''kasa''.
Twenty fruits of ''haritaki'' should be boiled with one ''adhaka'' of ''yava kashaya''. These boiled and soft fruits of ''haritaki'' are to be smashed. To this paste, six ''palas'' of ''purana gud'', one ''karsha'' of ''rasanjana'', half ''kudava'' of ''pippali'' should be added and cooked. This particular ''leha'' cures ''shwasa'' and ''kasa''.
Thus ends the description of ''haritaki-leha''. [168-169]
Thus ends the description of ''haritaki-leha''. [168-169]
=== ''Padmakadi leha'' ===
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श्वाविधः सूचयो दग्धाः सघृतक्षौद्रशर्कराः |
श्वाविधः सूचयो दग्धाः सघृतक्षौद्रशर्कराः |
इति पद्मकादिलेहः |
इति पद्मकादिलेहः |
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śvāvidhaḥ sūcayō dagdhāḥ saghr̥takṣaudraśarkarāḥ|
śvāvidhaḥ sūcayō dagdhāḥ saghr̥takṣaudraśarkarāḥ|
iti padmakAdilehaH|
iti padmakAdilehaH|
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Quills of ''svavit'' should be burnt. Intake of these ashes along with ghee, honey and ''ikshurasa'' cure ''kasa'' and ''shwasa''.
Quills of ''svavit'' should be burnt. Intake of these ashes along with ghee, honey and ''ikshurasa'' cure ''kasa'' and ''shwasa''.
''Jivanti, madhuka, patha, tavaksheeri, triphala, shati, musta, ela, padmaka, draksha, brihati, kantakari, vitunnaka, sariva, pushkara, karkatashringi, rasanjana, punaranava, loha, rajatha, trayamana, yavanika, bharangi, tamalaki, riddhi, vidanga, dhanvayaasa, kshara, chitraka, chavya, amlavetasa, vyosha'', and ''devadaru'' should be taken in equal quantity and a fine powder should be prepared. Intake of this powder in one ''panitala matra'' along with ''madhu'' and ''ghrita'' cures all five types of ''kasa''.[170-179]
''Jivanti, madhuka, patha, tavaksheeri, triphala, shati, musta, ela, padmaka, draksha, brihati, kantakari, vitunnaka, sariva, pushkara, karkatashringi, rasanjana, punaranava, loha, rajatha, trayamana, yavanika, bharangi, tamalaki, riddhi, vidanga, dhanvayaasa, kshara, chitraka, chavya, amlavetasa, vyosha'', and ''devadaru'' should be taken in equal quantity and a fine powder should be prepared. Intake of this powder in one ''panitala matra'' along with ''madhu'' and ''ghrita'' cures all five types of ''kasa''.[170-179]
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लिह्यान्मरिचचूर्णं वा सघृतक्षौद्रशर्करम् |
लिह्यान्मरिचचूर्णं वा सघृतक्षौद्रशर्करम् |
क्षतकासे च ये धूमाः सानुपाना निदर्शिताः |
क्षतकासे च ये धूमाः सानुपाना निदर्शिताः |
क्षयकासेऽपि तानेव यथावस्थं प्रयोजयेत् ||१८६||
क्षयकासेऽपि तानेव यथावस्थं प्रयोजयेत् ||१८६||
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lihyānmaricacūrṇaṁ vā saghr̥takṣaudraśarkaram|
lihyānmaricacūrṇaṁ vā saghr̥takṣaudraśarkaram|
kShatakAse ca ye dhUmAH sAnupAnA nidarshitAH|
kShatakAse ca ye dhUmAH sAnupAnA nidarshitAH|
kShayakAse~api tAneva yathAvasthaM prayojayet||186||
kShayakAse~api tAneva yathAvasthaM prayojayet||186||
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The powder of ''maricha'' should be given with ''ghrita, madhu'' and ''sharkara''. ''Badara'' leaves should be fried with ghee and this given with ''saindhava lavana''. Both these formulations are beneficial in ''kasa'' and ''swarabheda''.
The powder of ''maricha'' should be given with ''ghrita, madhu'' and ''sharkara''. ''Badara'' leaves should be fried with ghee and this given with ''saindhava lavana''. Both these formulations are beneficial in ''kasa'' and ''swarabheda''.
''Dhumapana'' formulations mentioned in reference to ''kshatajakasa'' can also be administered to the patients suffering from ''kshayajakasa''.[180-186]
''Dhumapana'' formulations mentioned in reference to ''kshatajakasa'' can also be administered to the patients suffering from ''kshayajakasa''.[180-186]
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दीपनं बृंहणं चैव स्रोतसां च विशोधनम् |
दीपनं बृंहणं चैव स्रोतसां च विशोधनम् |
भोज्यं पानानि सर्पींषि लेहाश्च सह पानकैः |
भोज्यं पानानि सर्पींषि लेहाश्च सह पानकैः |
क्षीरं सर्पिर्गुडा धूमाः कासभैषज्यसङ्ग्रहः ||१९०||
क्षीरं सर्पिर्गुडा धूमाः कासभैषज्यसङ्ग्रहः ||१९०||
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dīpanaṁ br̥ṁhaṇaṁ caiva srōtasāṁ ca viśōdhanam|
dīpanaṁ br̥ṁhaṇaṁ caiva srōtasāṁ ca viśōdhanam|
bhojyaM pAnAni sarpIMShi lehAshca [1] saha pAnakaiH|
bhojyaM pAnAni sarpIMShi lehAshca [1] saha pAnakaiH|
kShIraM sarpirguDA dhUmAH kAsabhaiShajyasa~ggrahaH||190||
kShIraM sarpirguDA dhUmAH kAsabhaiShajyasa~ggrahaH||190||
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''Dipana, brihmana'' and ''srotoshodhana'' therapies should be followed alternatively in the patient suffering from ''kshyajakaasa''. All such therapies which are ''balya'' are preferred in this condition.
''Dipana, brihmana'' and ''srotoshodhana'' therapies should be followed alternatively in the patient suffering from ''kshyajakaasa''. All such therapies which are ''balya'' are preferred in this condition.
''Bhojya, pana, sarpi, leha, panaka, ksheera, sarpiguda'' and ''dhuma''.[187-190]
''Bhojya, pana, sarpi, leha, panaka, ksheera, sarpiguda'' and ''dhuma''.[187-190]
=== Summary ===
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तत्र श्लोकः-
तत्र श्लोकः-
सङ्ख्या निमित्तं रूपाणि साध्यासाध्यत्वमेव च |
सङ्ख्या निमित्तं रूपाणि साध्यासाध्यत्वमेव च |
कासानां भेषजं प्रोक्तं गरीयस्त्वं च कासिनः ||१९१||
कासानां भेषजं प्रोक्तं गरीयस्त्वं च कासिनः ||१९१||
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tatra ślōkaḥ-
tatra ślōkaḥ-
sa~gkhyA nimittaM rUpANi sAdhyAsAdhyatvameva ca|
sa~gkhyA nimittaM rUpANi sAdhyAsAdhyatvameva ca|
kAsAnAM bheShajaM proktaM garIyastvaM ca kAsinaH||191||
kAsAnAM bheShajaM proktaM garIyastvaM ca kAsinaH||191||
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''Sankhya'' (types of ''kasa''), ''nimitta'' (etiological factors), ''rupa'' (signs and symptoms), ''sadhya-asadhyata'' (curability and incurability), ''kasa bheshaja'' (medicinal formulations), ''gariyastva'' (comparative seriousness of the disease) – have been discussed under this chapter. [191]
''Sankhya'' (types of ''kasa''), ''nimitta'' (etiological factors), ''rupa'' (signs and symptoms), ''sadhya-asadhyata'' (curability and incurability), ''kasa bheshaja'' (medicinal formulations), ''gariyastva'' (comparative seriousness of the disease) – have been discussed under this chapter. [191]
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इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृतेऽप्राप्ते दृढबलसम्पूरिते
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृतेऽप्राप्ते दृढबलसम्पूरिते
चिकित्सास्थाने कासचिकित्सितं नामाष्टादशोऽध्यायः ||१८||
चिकित्सास्थाने कासचिकित्सितं नामाष्टादशोऽध्यायः ||१८||
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ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē'prāptē dr̥ḍhabalasampūritē
ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē'prāptē dr̥ḍhabalasampūritē
cikitsAsthAne kAsacikitsitaM nAmAShTAdasho~adhyAyaH||18||
cikitsAsthAne kAsacikitsitaM nAmAShTAdasho~adhyAyaH||18||
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Thus ends the eighteenth chapter in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] dealing with treatment of ''kasa'' in the work of Agnivesha which was redacted by Charak and because of non-availability supplemented by Dridhabala.
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
*''Vata'' being obstructed in the lower region of the body, moves upwards, afflicts the channels of circulation in the upper part of the body, takes over the function of ''udana vayu'' and gets localized in the throat and chest, then enters and fills up all the cavities in the head.
*''Udanavata'' plays key role in ''kasa''. It is located in sinuses, throat and upper respiratory tract. Its main function is to exude out secretions from head and upper respiratory tract, effortlessly.
*Due to one group of etiological factors, sinuses and bronchial tree gets filled with secretions. Another group of factors like over exertion, weaken the functions of ''udanavata'' by over consuming it.
*Since ''udanavata'' is not available, the physiological mechanism of ''kasa'' (cough reflex) starts to work causing forceful, frictionful expectoration with sound.
*In order to prevent damage to delicate mucosa and avoid friction, treatment with good amount of ghee after meal is best.
*In contrast to ''hikka'' and ''shwasa, pitta'' is not involved ''kasa'' except ''paittic kasa''. </div>
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
Work in Progress
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