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<p style="text-align:justify;">The Sanskrit word ‘kala’ (also spelled as ‘kaala’ or kAla) means time. It is accepted as one among the nine fundamental elements (karana dravya) in [[Ayurveda]] [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/48] and Vaisheshika philosophy.<ref name=MisraN>Misra N, editor, (1st ed.). Commentary Prakasika of Dhundhiraja Sastri on Vaishesika Darshan, Chapter 10, Kalaprakaranam. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 2011; 41.</ref> Like an entity, kala also possesses qualities ([[guna]]) and effects ([[karma]]). [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/49] Destruction and production of beings, the past, present, and future times are effects of kala. The word ‘kala’ is often used for time in general, period or proper time when something occurs. However, it has a broader and deeper interpretation as narrated in [[Ayurveda]] from a medical point of view. Kala is one of the ten factors of clinical examination (dashvidhaparikshya bhava). The vitiation and pacification of [[tridosha]], [[dhatu]], manifestation of diseases, and even management of conditions, daily and seasonal routines, etc. are influenced by kala. The strength and luster of that person are enhanced who knows suitable diet and regimen for every season and practices accordingly. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 6/3] Kala plays a key role in preventing and treating diseases in medical science in many ways. Kala is one of the bases for classifying conditions like acute and chronic diseases; and natural or timely (kalaja) and premature or untimely (akalaja) diseases. Kala has a role in drug collection, formation, preservation, and administration. Kala helps understand physiological functions as many procedures follow the circadian rhythm in the body. Thus, it is also helpful in maintaining health and understanding the etiopathology of diseases. Every drug acts by its specific pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic mechanisms and has definite rate of metabolism and half life. These properties elucidate the role of kala in the treatment of diseases. Difficulty in treating chronic diseases and appearance of grave prognostic signs ([[arishta]]) that are indicative of patient’s approach towards death are the factors that indicate the role of kala in prognosis of diseases. </p>

The Sanskrit word ‘kala’ (also spelled as ‘kaala’ or kAla) means time. It is accepted as one among the nine fundamental elements (karana dravya) in [[Ayurveda]] [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/48] and Vaisheshika philosophy.<ref name=MisraN>Misra N, editor, (1st ed.). Commentary Prakasika of Dhundhiraja Sastri on Vaishesika Darshan, Chapter 10, Kalaprakaranam. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 2011; 41.</ref> Like an entity, kala also possesses qualities ([[guna]]) and effects ([[karma]]). [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/49] Destruction and production of beings, the past, present, and future times are effects of kala. The word ‘kala’ is often used for time in general, period or proper time when something occurs. However, it has a broader and deeper interpretation as narrated in [[Ayurveda]] from a medical point of view. Kala is one of the ten factors of clinical examination (dashvidhaparikshya bhava). The vitiation and pacification of [[tridosha]], [[dhatu]], manifestation of diseases, and even management of conditions, daily and seasonal routines, etc. are influenced by kala. The strength and luster of that person are enhanced who knows suitable diet and regimen for every season and practices accordingly. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 6/3] Kala plays a key role in preventing and treating diseases in medical science in many ways. Kala is one of the bases for classifying conditions like acute and chronic diseases; and natural or timely (kalaja) and premature or untimely (akalaja) diseases. Kala has a role in drug collection, formation, preservation, and administration. Kala helps understand physiological functions as many procedures follow the circadian rhythm in the body. Thus, it is also helpful in maintaining health and understanding the etiopathology of diseases. Every drug acts by its specific pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic mechanisms and has definite rate of metabolism and half life. These properties elucidate the role of kala in the treatment of diseases. Difficulty in treating chronic diseases and appearance of grave prognostic signs ([[arishta]]) that are indicative of patient’s approach towards death are the factors that indicate the role of kala in prognosis of diseases.

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label3 = Reviewers  

|label3 = Reviewers  

|data3 =  Mali V.², Basisht G.³, Khandel S.K.⁴

|data3 =  Mali V.², [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]³, Khandel S.K.⁴

|label4 = Editor  

|label4 = Editor  

|data4 = Deole Y.S.⁵

|data4 = [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]]⁵

|label5 = Affiliations

|label5 = Affiliations

|data8 = July 15, 2022

|data8 = July 15, 2022

|label9 = DOI

|label9 = DOI

|data9= In process

|data9= {{DoiWithLink}}

}}

}}

The predominance of [[dosha]] varies with age (avastha kala) in the following manner:

The predominance of [[dosha]] varies with age (avastha kala) in the following manner:

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|+ Table 1: [[Dosha]] predominance at various ages

|+ Table 2: [[Dosha]] predominance at various ages

|-

|-

! Avastha kala !! [[Dosha]]s

! Avastha kala !! [[Dosha]]s

*Mridu Koshtha – 3 days

*Mridu Koshtha – 3 days

*Madhyama Koshtha - 5 days  

*Madhyama Koshtha - 5 days  

*Krura Koshtha -7 days  [Cha.Sa.[[Siddi Sthana]] 1/6]

*Krura Koshtha -7 days  [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/6]

The kala for digestion of this [[snehana]] is longer if administered in more quantity (matra). The quantity of sneha that gets digested in 3 hours is called prathama matra. Similarly the quantities of sneha that require longer digestion are mentioned below. [Su.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 31/25-29]<ref name=Susruta/>

The kala for digestion of this [[snehana]] is longer if administered in more quantity (matra). The quantity of unctuous substance (sneha) that gets digested in 3 hours is called prathama matra. Similarly the quantities of sneha that require longer digestion are mentioned below. [Su.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 31/25-29]<ref name=Susruta/>

#Prathama matra: 3 hours

#Prathama matra: 3 hours

As mentioned in Sushruta samhita, 100 years old ghee (ghrita) has properties of pacifying [[kapha]]-[[vata]]. It is efficient in providing strength and good for the eyes and intellect. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 45/110]<ref name=Susruta/>

As mentioned in Sushruta samhita, 100 years old ghee (ghrita) has properties of pacifying [[kapha]]-[[vata]]. It is efficient in providing strength and good for the eyes and intellect. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 45/110]<ref name=Susruta/>

Cauterization (agnikarma) should not be practiced in Summer and Autumn seasons. Bloodletting ([[raktamokshana]]) should be done in autumn.<ref>Kasture H.S. Ayurvediya Panchakarma Vigyana, Kolkata, Shree Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan Limited, 16th Edition, 2013; 501.</ref>

Cauterization (agnikarma) should not be practiced in summer and autumn seasons. Bloodletting ([[raktamokshana]]) should be done in autumn.<ref>Kasture H.S. Ayurvediya Panchakarma Vigyana, Kolkata, Shree Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan Limited, 16th Edition, 2013; 501.</ref>

   

   

[[Panchakarma]] therapies are effective when done at optimum kala.

[[Panchakarma]] therapies are effective when done at optimum kala.

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|+ Table 1: Appropriate seasons for [[panchakarma]]

|+ Table 3: Appropriate seasons for [[panchakarma]]

|-

|-

! Season !! [[Panchakarma]] procedure

! Season !! [[Panchakarma]] procedure

| | [[Shishira]] (January-March) || Abhyanga, utsadana, murdhataila

| | [[Shishira]] (January-March) || Abhyanga, utsadana, murdhataila

|-

|-

| | [[Vasanta]] (March-May) || Vamana, udvartana, nasya, dhuma, kavala

| | [[Vasanta]] (March-May) || [[Vamana]], udvartana, [[nasya]], dhuma, kavala

|-

|-

| | [[Greeshma]] (April-June) || Shitapralepa

| | [[Grishma]] (April-June) || Shita pralepa

|-

|-

| | [[Varsha]] (July-September) || Basti

| | [[Varsha]] (July-September) || [[Basti]]

|-

|-

| | [[Sharad]] (September-November) || Tiktasnehapana, virechana, raktamokshana

| | [[Sharad]] (September-November) || Tiktasnehapana, [[virechana]], [[raktamokshana]]

|-

|-

| | [[Hemanta]] (November-January) || Abhyanga, utsadana, murdhataila, jentakasweda, ushnasadana, atapasweda.

| | [[Hemanta]] (November-January) || Abhyanga, utsadana, murdhataila, jentakasweda, ushnasadana, atapasweda.

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|+ Table 1: Classification of Basti based on days

|+ Table 4: Classification of [[Basti]] based on days

|-

|-

! Type of Basti  !! Duration of days

! Type of [[Basti]] !! Duration of days

|-

|-

| | Karma basti || 30 days

| | Karma basti || 30 days

==Current researches==

==Current researches==

1. Role of kala (time) in kayashodhana ( detoxification of body). <ref>B. Kotturshetti, Yogitha Bali M.R, Gurubasava S. Hiremath. Role of Kaala (Time) in Kayashodhana (Detoxification of Body). Ayushdhara, Vol 7, Issue 1: January-February 2020; ISSN: 2393-9583(P)/2393-9591(O). </ref>, <ref>M D Haidar. Role of Kaala (Time) in Panchakarma (Detoxification of Body). World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 2021,7(3), 117-124; ISSN: 2455-3301. </ref>

1. Role of kala (time) in kayashodhana (detoxification of body). <ref>B. Kotturshetti, Yogitha Bali M.R, Gurubasava S. Hiremath. Role of Kaala (Time) in Kayashodhana (Detoxification of Body). Ayushdhara, Vol 7, Issue 1: January-February 2020; ISSN: 2393-9583(P)/2393-9591(O). </ref>, <ref>M D Haidar. Role of Kaala (Time) in Panchakarma (Detoxification of Body). World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 2021,7(3), 117-124; ISSN: 2455-3301. </ref>

Administration of [[panchakarma]] therapies at the right time, or the kala knowing its importance and utility leads to the success of the treatment.

Administration of [[panchakarma]] therapies at the right time, or the kala knowing its importance and utility leads to the success of the treatment.

India being a subcontinent, has diverse regional variabilities. Everywhere, since the gross diversity in geographical conditions, climatological patterns, food and culture, demands understanding all these variations is necessary. This article elaborated the understanding of this seasonal diversity in relation to geographical variations to better understand seasonal guidelines ([[ritucharya]]).

India being a subcontinent, has diverse regional variabilities. Everywhere, since the gross diversity in geographical conditions, climatological patterns, food and culture, demands understanding all these variations is necessary. This article elaborated the understanding of this seasonal diversity in relation to geographical variations to better understand seasonal guidelines ([[ritucharya]]).

6. Physiological approach towards aharasevana kala (right time for food). <ref>Gayathri Holla. Physiological Approach Towards Aahara Sevana Kaala (Right Time For Food). Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine (https://jahm.co.in/index.php/jahm/article/view/378)</ref>

6. Physiological approach towards right time for food (aharasevana kala). <ref>Gayathri Holla. Physiological Approach Towards Aahara Sevana Kaala (Right Time For Food). Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine (https://jahm.co.in/index.php/jahm/article/view/378)</ref>

   

   

The time of taking food (aharasevana kala) plays a vital role in the proper digestion,  absorption and nourishment. The practice of eka  kalaashana (food once a day) is highly beneficial. However,  due to the present lifestyle, taking food only once a day is inconvenient. Therefore, taking food twice a day is adopted.  

The time of taking food (aharasevana kala) plays a vital role in the proper digestion,  absorption and nourishment. The practice of food once a day (eka  kalaashana) is highly beneficial. However,  due to the present lifestyle, taking food only once a day is inconvenient. Therefore, taking food twice a day is adopted.  

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