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Janapadodhvansa (also spelled as janapadodhvamsa) means destruction of communities due to a common cause. The affliction of [[Vyadhi|diseases]] in society disrupting the physical, psychological, social [[Health|health]] of community is phenomenon observed since inception of life on the earth. The pandemic and epidemic situations are considered to be as old as human evolution. Ayurveda texts have thus also extensively mentioned the pandemic conditions at various places commonly referred to as janapadodhvansa, maraka or janamara. Acharya Charak has explained the concept of janapadodhvansain vimana sthana of the treatise Charak samhita. The concept of janapadodhvansais thus reference point for the description of disease origin and spread in the population highlighting the principles of epidemiology in ayurveda.

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Janapadodhvansa (also spelled as janapadodhvamsa) means destruction of communities due to a common cause. The affliction of [[Vyadhi|diseases]] in society disrupting the physical, psychological, social [[Health|health]] of community is phenomenon observed since inception of [[Ayu|life]] on the earth. The pandemic and epidemic situations are considered to be as old as human evolution. [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] texts have thus also extensively mentioned the pandemic conditions at various places commonly referred to as janapadodhvansa, maraka or janamara. Acharya Charak has explained the concept of janapadodhvansain vimana sthana of the treatise Charak samhita. The concept of janapadodhvansais thus reference point for the description of disease origin and spread in the population highlighting the principles of epidemiology in [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]].

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== Management of janapadodhvansa (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/13-18) ==

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Acharya Charaka mentions the need of collection of medicinal herbs and commodities which are important for supporting the life in emergencies or epidemics beforehand, as there can be scarcity of the even most basic life needs during such period. (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/4)This denotes the basis of disaster management and organisation of healthcare facilities during epidemics. The hospitals should be well prepared with all the emergency and required facilities to combat the [[Health|health]] consequences of disasters.<ref name="ref28">Hospital Preparedness for Epidemics [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/hospital-preparedness-for-epidemics</ref> The principal line of treatment in the management of [[Vyadhi|diseases]] like jwara is pachana (medications enhancing digestion), vamana (therapeutic emesis) and apatarpana (depleting procedures). (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/40) Ushnodaka (warm water) helps in achieving all the above criteria. It is also indicated for the treatment of jwara as it pacifies vata and kapha dosha. (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/40) It facilitates digestion and relieves anorexia due to its deepana (appetizing), pachana (digestion) properties. It satiatestrishna (thirst), when consumed even in small quantities. Its consumption is especially indicated in management of conditions like kasa (cough), peenasa (sinusitis), nava jwara (pyrexia), shwasa (breathing abnormality), etc. which represent majority of infectious [[Vyadhi|diseases]].(Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 22/58) The generalized principles for management of janapadodhvansa include the measures for the promotion, preservation and correction of both physical and mental [[Health|health]]. The panchakarma is the main line of treatment in these conditions. (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/13) Vamana is important for the radical removal of vitiated dosha especially the kapha dosha and helps in pacifying the jwara and nausea (hrillasa) related conditions associated with the infection. (Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/146) Virechana also helps to evacuate the vitiated dosha through the faeces and corrects the agni vitiation. (Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/169) Basti controls the vitiated vata and helps in excretion of the toxins and faecal matter from the bowel region. (Cha. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 1/40) Due to nasya or nasal instillation invading pathogens get adsorbed on the surface restricting their growth and further progressiom. Nasya is thus particularly useful in the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections. Snehana (internal administration of ghee or oil) in form of go-ghrita ( ghee). Jwara involves the obstruction of swedavaha strotas ( body channels carrying sweat) hence it will help to expel the toxins by inducing the process of swedana. (Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/130) Deepana pachana treatments play an important role at every step in management as maintenance of agni function is of prime importance in prevention of any [[Vyadhi|disease]]. Dhoomapana is a treatment where the particulate matter in dhooma (medicated smoke) has anti-microbial activity and maintains integrity of respiratory tract. It is thus indicated in many respiratory conditions (Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/27-32).Gandusha (Oil pulling),kavala (gargling), dantapavana (brushing or cleaning of teeth) act as mechanical barriers by avoiding the entry of pathogens through the buccal cavity.Sharira parimarjana (cleaning of body surface) and snana (bathing) measures contribute to cleansing of the body surfaces and also includes hasta,pada and mukha prakshalana i.e. hand and feet sanitization to prevent the spread of [[Vyadhi|disease]]. (Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/93-94)

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Acharya Charaka mentions the need of collection of medicinal herbs and commodities which are important for supporting the [[Ayu|life]] in emergencies or epidemics beforehand, as there can be scarcity of the even most basic [[Ayu|life]] needs during such period. (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/4)This denotes the basis of disaster management and organisation of healthcare facilities during epidemics. The hospitals should be well prepared with all the emergency and required facilities to combat the [[Health|health]] consequences of disasters.<ref name="ref28">Hospital Preparedness for Epidemics [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/hospital-preparedness-for-epidemics</ref> The principal line of treatment in the management of [[Vyadhi|diseases]] like jwara is pachana (medications enhancing digestion), vamana (therapeutic emesis) and apatarpana (depleting procedures). (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/40) Ushnodaka (warm water) helps in achieving all the above criteria. It is also indicated for the treatment of jwara as it pacifies vata and kapha dosha. (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/40) It facilitates digestion and relieves anorexia due to its deepana (appetizing), pachana (digestion) properties. It satiatestrishna (thirst), when consumed even in small quantities. Its consumption is especially indicated in management of conditions like kasa (cough), peenasa (sinusitis), nava jwara (pyrexia), shwasa (breathing abnormality), etc. which represent majority of infectious [[Vyadhi|diseases]].(Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 22/58) The generalized principles for management of janapadodhvansa include the measures for the promotion, preservation and correction of both physical and mental [[Health|health]]. The panchakarma is the main line of treatment in these conditions. (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/13) Vamana is important for the radical removal of vitiated dosha especially the kapha dosha and helps in pacifying the jwara and nausea (hrillasa) related conditions associated with the infection. (Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/146) Virechana also helps to evacuate the vitiated dosha through the faeces and corrects the agni vitiation. (Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/169) Basti controls the vitiated vata and helps in excretion of the toxins and faecal matter from the bowel region. (Cha. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 1/40) Due to nasya or nasal instillation invading pathogens get adsorbed on the surface restricting their growth and further progressiom. Nasya is thus particularly useful in the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections. Snehana (internal administration of ghee or oil) in form of go-ghrita ( ghee). Jwara involves the obstruction of swedavaha strotas ( body channels carrying sweat) hence it will help to expel the toxins by inducing the process of swedana. (Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/130) Deepana pachana treatments play an important role at every step in management as maintenance of agni function is of prime importance in prevention of any [[Vyadhi|disease]]. Dhoomapana is a treatment where the particulate matter in dhooma (medicated smoke) has anti-microbial activity and maintains integrity of respiratory tract. It is thus indicated in many respiratory conditions (Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/27-32).Gandusha (Oil pulling),kavala (gargling), dantapavana (brushing or cleaning of teeth) act as mechanical barriers by avoiding the entry of pathogens through the buccal cavity.Sharira parimarjana (cleaning of body surface) and snana (bathing) measures contribute to cleansing of the body surfaces and also includes hasta,pada and mukha prakshalana i.e. hand and feet sanitization to prevent the spread of [[Vyadhi|disease]]. (Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/93-94)

The rasayana chikitsa forms the backbone of treatment of janapadodhvansa as it is pivotal in enhancing the immune response to pathogenic external and internal invasion and stress. (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/13)Different rasayana acting on pranavaha, rasavaha strotas, annavaha strotas depending on the dosha and site involvement can thus be implemented for management of janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]]. Use of various rasayana like Chyavanaprasha rasayana (Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 1/1/62-74), Bramha rasayana (Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 1/1/41-57), Amalaki rasayana (Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 1/2/9-14) etc. are popular in clinical scenario for of maintenance of [[Health|health]] during pandemic conditions. Other non-pharmacological and psychotherapy based approaches like sadvritta palana (following proper code of conduct) and behavioural attributes like satyabhashana (honesty), bhootadaya (compassion), bali (sacrifice), devata archana (devotion), daana (charity), vriddhopaseva (showing care and empathy towards the elderly) are mentioned to facilitate the social and mental [[Health|health]]. Providing support and care to people and families affected with pandemics is of vital importance to balance the psychological components of [[Health|health]] especially during the pandemic like conditions. (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/15-16) Sadvritta emphasizes on the spread and containment of the sansargajanya vyadhi (infectious [[Vyadhi|diseases]]) and their mode of transmission. (Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 8/18) The sadvritta focuses on various domains like physical [[Health|health]], social behaviour, psychological state, hygiene, food etiquettes thus providing holistic care. The treatment and preventive aspects of epidemics in purview of ayurveda can be summarized in the following table-

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== Contemporary and applied aspects of janapadodhvansa ==

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The concept of janapadodhvansa incorporates various aspects leading to causation of large number of [[Vyadhi|diseases]] in large population or community. This further applies to the basics of public [[Health|health]] or community [[Health|health]] as mentioned in the Ayurveda texts. Thus striking similarities can be found in principles of epidemiology and concept of janapadodhvansa or maraka according to ayurveda. Some of these features are as mentioned below:

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The concept of janapadodhvansa incorporates various aspects leading to causation of large number of [[Vyadhi|diseases]] in large population or community. This further applies to the basics of public [[Health|health]] or community [[Health|health]] as mentioned in the [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] texts. Thus striking similarities can be found in principles of epidemiology and concept of janapadodhvansa or maraka according to [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]]. Some of these features are as mentioned below:

<li style="font-weight:bold">Endemic nature of [[Vyadhi|diseases]]: In janapadodhvansa chapter it is mentioned that Punarvasu Atreya assembled with his disciples including Agnivesha at banks of the river Ganga in Panchal Pradesh (present Northern India including regions of Uttar Pradesh). This is important to understand the region specificity or occurrence of the endemic [[Vyadhi|diseases]] in the area. Endemic [[Vyadhi|disease]] is the one which is predominantly present in the population in the given area e.g. chickenpox, malaria.<ref name="ref36">Endemic Diseases-Types and Examples of Endemic Diseases [Internet]. BYJUS. [cited 2020 Apr 4]. Available from: https://byjus.com/biology/endemic-diseases/</ref> This concept can thus be correlated with medical topography which is the systematic surveying, mapping, charting, and description of specific geographical sites, with reference to the physical features that were presumed to influence [[Health|health]] and [[Vyadhi|disease]].<ref name="ref37">4 questions with answers in MEDICAL TOPOGRAPHY | Science topic [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 4]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/topic/Medical-Topography</ref> Some [[Vyadhi|diseases]] are more prevalent in northern hemisphere,, some in southern, some occur more commonly in tropical region. For instance, Plasmodium falciparum is the type of vector of malaria that is geographically located in the tropical and subtropical areas and is the most common cause of [[Vyadhi|disease]].<ref name="ref38">Darshan Babu, Pampanna Gouda UTILITY OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF DESHA – A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE; International Ayurvedic Medical Journal; Volume 3; Issue 3; March- 2015; ISSN:2320 5091</ref> Charaka Samhita also describes three types of topographical conditions by dividing the desha into jangala, anupa and sadharana. (Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 3/47-48). Jangala desha (dry land) has less biota, scarce water resources, more wind and sunlight while anupa (marshy land) has abundant biota and flora, stagnant or scarce winds and lacks sunlight. Climatic conditions in jangala desha are considered optimum for [[Health|health]] and reduce the [[Vyadhi|disease]] occurrence than those in anupa desha.</li>

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== Recent research work done with regard to janapadodhvansa ==

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As mentioned earlier the pandemics have been a pressing problems since centuries altogether. The published data suggests that there have three pandemics of plague (since 5th century AD) , 7 pandemics of cholera(17th century AD), Influenza related pandemics (17th century AD) like Russian Flu, Spanish Flu, Swine Flu, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) in the past and Covid 19 (21st century) being the most recent.<ref name="ref60">Piret J and Boivin G (2021) Pandemics Throughout History. Front. Microbiol. 11:631736. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736</ref> The data from WHO sugggets that Covid 19 is still prevalent in most of the parts of the world and as of 9 April 2023 more than 762 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths have been reported globally.<ref name="ref61">Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 13 April 2023 [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---13-april-2023</ref> The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic attracted the attention of ayurveda fraternity towards the concept of Janapadodhvansa and its importance in preservation of [[Health|health]] of entire community. Significant research work was thus carried out in this purview keeping janapadodhvansa in mind. Few such works are mentioned are mentioned belowHowever epidemiological assessment of various Hetu and Lakshana should be done accordingly

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As mentioned earlier the pandemics have been a pressing problems since centuries altogether. The published data suggests that there have three pandemics of plague (since 5th century AD) , 7 pandemics of cholera(17th century AD), Influenza related pandemics (17th century AD) like Russian Flu, Spanish Flu, Swine Flu, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) in the past and Covid 19 (21st century) being the most recent.<ref name="ref60">Piret J and Boivin G (2021) Pandemics Throughout History. Front. Microbiol. 11:631736. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736</ref> The data from WHO sugggets that Covid 19 is still prevalent in most of the parts of the world and as of 9 April 2023 more than 762 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths have been reported globally.<ref name="ref61">Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 13 April 2023 [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---13-april-2023</ref> The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic attracted the attention of [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]] fraternity towards the concept of Janapadodhvansa and its importance in preservation of [[Health|health]] of entire community. Significant research work was thus carried out in this purview keeping janapadodhvansa in mind. Few such works are mentioned are mentioned belowHowever epidemiological assessment of various Hetu and Lakshana should be done accordingly

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<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li>In the review article entitled “Scientific aspects of Janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi|Vyadhi]] (epidemic disorders) according to Ayurveda in the context to Jwara—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach” authors have tried to throw light upon the scientific aspects of janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]] in light of epidemiology by correlating the epidemiological triad with trisutra i.e. epidemiological triad i.e. Host, agent and environment.<ref name="ref62">Joglekar AA, Vyas MK, Bhojani MK. Scientific aspects of Janapadodhwansa ~~[[Vyadhi|~~Vyadhi]] (epidemic disorders) according to Ayurveda in the context to Jwara—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach. J Indian Sys Medicine [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 23];10:176-85. Available from: https://www.joinsysmed.com/text.asp?2022/10/3/176/357681</ref></li>

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<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li>In the review article entitled “Scientific aspects of Janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi|Vyadhi]] (epidemic disorders) according to [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] in the context to Jwara—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach” authors have tried to throw light upon the scientific aspects of janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]] in light of epidemiology by correlating the epidemiological triad with trisutra i.e. epidemiological triad i.e. Host, agent and environment.<ref name="ref62">Joglekar AA, Vyas MK, Bhojani MK. Scientific aspects of Janapadodhwansa Vyadhi (epidemic disorders) according to Ayurveda in the context to Jwara—An epidemiological and Trisutra-based approach. J Indian Sys Medicine [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 23];10:176-85. Available from: https://www.joinsysmed.com/text.asp?2022/10/3/176/357681</ref></li>

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<li>Review article entitled “Conceptual study on Janapadodhvansa Roga and its treatment” focuses on the major causes of janapadodhvansa and purification of impure soil, water and air mentioned according to Ayurveda.<ref name="ref63">Anuradha G. Patil, Hemlata Krishnarao Belorkar, Conceptual study on Janapadodhvansa Roga and its treatment. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(1):275-278.

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<li>Review article entitled “Conceptual study on Janapadodhvansa Roga and its treatment” focuses on the major causes of janapadodhvansa and purification of impure soil, water and air mentioned according to [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]].<ref name="ref63">Anuradha G. Patil, Hemlata Krishnarao Belorkar, Conceptual study on Janapadodhvansa Roga and its treatment. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(1):275-278.

Available From- https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1702

</ref></li>

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<li>The review article, “janapadodhvansa in Ayurveda and its contemporary relevance to COVID-19” focuses on the implications of COVID-19, considering it as janapadodhvansajanya [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]] and methods to curb to the same.<ref name="ref64">Wale Savita, Shingadagav Amol, Janapadodhwansa in Ayurveda and its Contemporary Relevance to COVID-19, Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ), Vol- VII Issue- V May 2020, Page No. 56-60.</ref></li>

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<li>The review article, “janapadodhvansa in [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] and its contemporary relevance to COVID-19” focuses on the implications of COVID-19, considering it as janapadodhvansajanya [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]] and methods to curb to the same.<ref name="ref64">Wale Savita, Shingadagav Amol, Janapadodhwansa in Ayurveda and its Contemporary Relevance to COVID-19, Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ), Vol- VII Issue- V May 2020, Page No. 56-60.</ref></li>

<li>In the article , janapadodhvansaand its impact on Covid-19, authors have focused on the concepts relevant to janapadodhvansa in purview of aetiology, spread and management of novel [[Vyadhi|disease]] COVID-19.<ref name="ref65">Kabi C, Venate P, Prasad R. JANAPADODHWANSA AND ITS IMPACT ON COVID-19. e-Şarkiyat İlmi Araştırmaları Dergisi/Journal of Oriental Scientific Research (JOSR). 2021 Jul 1;XCI:93–105.</ref></li>

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<li>Authors have compared the different principles of janapadodhvansa to that of the epidemics in the review article entitled “Janapadodhwamsa : A Concept of Epidemic in ~~Ayurveda”~~.<ref name="ref66">Khayamali R, Khayamali B, Khayamali R. Janapadodhwamsa: A Concept of Epidemic in Ayurveda. Journal of Ayurveda Campus. 2022 Jun 24;2:46–53.</ref></li>

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<li>Authors have compared the different principles of janapadodhvansa to that of the epidemics in the review article entitled “Janapadodhwamsa : A Concept of Epidemic in [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]]”.<ref name="ref66">Khayamali R, Khayamali B, Khayamali R. Janapadodhwamsa: A Concept of Epidemic in Ayurveda. Journal of Ayurveda Campus. 2022 Jun 24;2:46–53.</ref></li>

<li>In the article entitled “Janapadodhwamsa - An Ayurvedic and modern overview in present era” the authors have tried to throw light upon the classical and contemporary approaches in understanding janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]].<ref name="ref67">Tarun Kumar Kushwaha, Suman Yadav, Ashutosh Kumar Yadav, Janapadodhwamsa - An Ayurvedic And Modern Overview In Present Era, Innovare journal of Ayurvedic Sciences Vol 9, Issue 6, 2021 , Page No. 1-5</ref></li>

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<li>In the article ~~“Ayurveda~~ considerations on Infectious [[Vyadhi|diseases]] and their preventive measures w.s.r. to current pandemic situation” the janapdodhwansa [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]] are compared with that of the infectious [[Vyadhi|diseases]] which may lead to modern pandemics.<ref name="ref68">Naharia, R., and A. P. Verma. “Ayurveda Considerations on Infectious Diseases and Their Preventive Measures W.s.r. To Current Pandemic Situation”. Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences, Vol. 6, no. 2, June 2021, pp. 29-32, doi:10.22270/hjhs.v6i2.97.</ref></li>

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<li>In the article “[[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] considerations on Infectious [[Vyadhi|diseases]] and their preventive measures w.s.r. to current pandemic situation” the janapdodhwansa [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]] are compared with that of the infectious [[Vyadhi|diseases]] which may lead to modern pandemics.<ref name="ref68">Naharia, R., and A. P. Verma. “Ayurveda Considerations on Infectious Diseases and Their Preventive Measures W.s.r. To Current Pandemic Situation”. Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences, Vol. 6, no. 2, June 2021, pp. 29-32, doi:10.22270/hjhs.v6i2.97.</ref></li>

<li>In the article entitled “Role of Rasayan In Communicable [[Vyadhi|Disease]] (Janapadodhwamsa)” authors have thrown light upon the applicability of different rasyana in management of janapadodhvansa vis a vis communicable [[Vyadhi|disease]].<ref name="ref69">Shukla et. al. “Role of Rasayan in Communicable Disease (Janapadodhwamsa)” ejpmr, 2019,6(1), 232-234</ref></li>

<li>In the article “Review on preventive measures of Corona with special reference to janapadodhwamsa” authors have thrown light upon the various preventive measures for the management of janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]].<ref name="ref70">EBSCOhost | 152121539 | Review On Preventive Measures Of Corona With Special Reference To Janapadodhwamsa. [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 23]. Available from: https://web.p.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=09769242&AN=152121539&h=dAYAG8QLtmPPHjUk6VvIBcR03w4ehphQ9R5ccf4kaGBe4nu5xPHJZXWjh0SviVwi3bVOHL9Ejg%2fSsRnTut13FQ%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d09769242%26AN%3d152121539</ref></li>

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<li>Considering the COVID 19 as a janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]], chemo-profiling and analytical assessment of different herbs in management of same is mentioned in the article ‘Chemical profiling of selected Ayurveda formulations recommended for COVID-19’.<ref name="ref71">C. T., S., M., D., P. R., R. et al. Chemical profiling of selected Ayurveda formulations recommended for COVID-19. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 10, 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-020-00089-1</ref> </li>

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<li>Considering the COVID 19 as a janapadodhvansa [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]], chemo-profiling and analytical assessment of different herbs in management of same is mentioned in the article ‘Chemical profiling of selected [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] formulations recommended for COVID-19’.<ref name="ref71">C. T., S., M., D., P. R., R. et al. Chemical profiling of selected Ayurveda formulations recommended for COVID-19. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 10, 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-020-00089-1</ref> </li>

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<li>In the article entitled ~~“Ayurveda~~ and Psychosocial impact of COVID-19”, authors have focused on the impact janapodhwansa janya [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]] pose on the psychosocial [[Health|health]] of individuals.<ref name="ref72">Mehta, Tanuja; Sharma, Uttam Kumar1; Mittal, Bhawana2. Ayurveda and Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19. Journal of Ayurveda 14(4):p 138-142, Oct–Dec 2020. | DOI: 10.4103/joa.joa_224_20</ref></li></ol>

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<li>In the article entitled “[[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] and Psychosocial impact of COVID-19”, authors have focused on the impact janapodhwansa janya [[Vyadhi|vyadhi]] pose on the psychosocial [[Health|health]] of individuals.<ref name="ref72">Mehta, Tanuja; Sharma, Uttam Kumar1; Mittal, Bhawana2. Ayurveda and Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19. Journal of Ayurveda 14(4):p 138-142, Oct–Dec 2020. | DOI: 10.4103/joa.joa_224_20</ref></li></ol>

== Summary ==

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The concept of janapadodhvansa is a testimony of the contribution of Ayurveda in the field of epidemiology and public [[Health|health]]. The description of the major etiological factors like sadharana hetu (common spreading causes), adharma (not following code of conduct) and vyapanna ritu (unfavourable climatic conditions) shall be considerd while dealing with the epidemics or pandemics. Preservation of [[Health|health]] through ayurveda measures like panchakarma (five purification therapies), rasayana (rejuvenation therapies), sadvritta (good code of conduct) are best measures for protection against pandemics. The treatments to promote good digestion and metabolism (deepana pachana) and [[Vyadhi|disease]] specific therapies for jwara are important in case of occurance. Hygiene of external pathways like oral hygiene, nasal mucosal protection, bath, medicated smoking are measures to prevent microbial invasion and their growh in body. Thus the treatment of janapadodhvansa is a comprehensive protocol for personal and social [[Health|health]].

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The concept of janapadodhvansa is a testimony of the contribution of [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] in the field of epidemiology and public [[Health|health]]. The description of the major etiological factors like sadharana hetu (common spreading causes), adharma (not following code of conduct) and vyapanna ritu (unfavourable climatic conditions) shall be considerd while dealing with the epidemics or pandemics. Preservation of [[Health|health]] through [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]] measures like panchakarma (five purification therapies), rasayana (rejuvenation therapies), sadvritta (good code of conduct) are best measures for protection against pandemics. The treatments to promote good digestion and metabolism (deepana pachana) and [[Vyadhi|disease]] specific therapies for jwara are important in case of occurance. Hygiene of external pathways like oral hygiene, nasal mucosal protection, bath, medicated smoking are measures to prevent microbial invasion and their growh in body. Thus the treatment of janapadodhvansa is a comprehensive protocol for personal and social [[Health|health]].

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