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|title=Ikshvaku Kalpa Adhyaya

|title=Ikshvaku Kalpa Adhyaya

|keywords=Ikshvaku, Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley, Vamana, therapeutic emesis, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|keywords=Ikshvaku, Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley, Vamana, therapeutic emesis, Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.

|description=Kalpa Sthana Chapter 3.Pharmaceutical preparations of Ikshvaku

|description=Kalpa Sthana Chapter 3.Pharmaceutical preparations of Ikshvaku

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=charak samhita

|image_alt=charak samhita

|type=article

|type=article

}}

}}

<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 3.Pharmaceutical preparations of Ikshvaku '''</big>

<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 3.Pharmaceutical preparations of Ikshvaku '''</big>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|label7 = Reviewer  

|label7 = Reviewer  

|data7  = Chavan S., Nishteswar K.

|data7  = Chavan S., Nishteswar K.

|label8 = Editor

|label8 = Editors

|data8  = Nishteswar K., Sawant B.

|data8  = Nishteswar K., Sawant B., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label9 = Date of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 = December 17, 2018

|data9 = 2020

|label10 = DOI

|label10 = Publisher

|data10  =

|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

|header3 =  

|label11 = DOI

 

|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.004 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.004]

}}

}}

<big>'''Abstract '''</big>

<big>'''Abstract '''</big>

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<p style="text-align:justify;">In the chapter on pharmaceutics of ''Ikshvaku'' (Lagenaria siceraria), 45 recipes of ''Ikshvaku'' processed in various media like milk, alcohol, whey, buttermilk, oil cake, clarified butter, meat soup etc. are described. The useful parts like leaves, flower and seeds of ''ikshvaku'' are employed for emesis. A recipe with administration of seeds in an increasing dose from fifty up to maximum hundred seeds per day is described.''Ikshvaku'' is indicated in conditions like ''kasa''(cough), ''shwasa'' (dyspnea/asthma), ''chhardi''(vomiting), ''jwara''(fever), ''visha''(toxin), ''swarabheda''(hoarseness), ''peenasa''(coryza), ''gulma''(lump in abdomen), ''udara''(abdominal swellings including ascitis), ''granthi''(cystic swelling), ''galaganda'' (goiter), ''shleepada'' (elephantitis), ''pandu''(anemia), ''kushtha''(dermatosis), ''arochaka''(dyspepsia), ''prameha''(diabetes). Emesis induced by inhalation of powdered flower sprinkled over a garland is also described in this chapter. Drugs like ''Yashti, Kovidara, Karbudara, Nipa, Vidula, Bimbi, Shanapushpi, Sadapushpi, Pratyakpushpi, Bilwamoola, Mahajaalini,Jimutaka, Kritavedhana'' and ''Kutaja'' etc. are also incorporated along with ''Ikshvaku'' in various formulations. </p>

In the chapter on pharmaceutics of ''Ikshvaku'' (Lagenaria siceraria), 45 recipes of ''Ikshvaku'' processed in various media like milk, alcohol, whey, buttermilk, oil cake, clarified butter, meat soup etc. are described. The useful parts like leaves, flower and seeds of ''ikshvaku'' are employed for emesis. A recipe with administration of seeds in an increasing dose from fifty up to maximum hundred seeds per day is described.''Ikshvaku'' is indicated in conditions like ''kasa''(cough), ''shwasa'' (dyspnea/asthma), ''chhardi''(vomiting), ''jwara''(fever), ''visha''(toxin), ''swarabheda''(hoarseness), ''peenasa''(coryza), ''gulma''(lump in abdomen), ''udara''(abdominal swellings including ascitis), ''granthi''(cystic swelling), ''galaganda'' (goiter), ''shleepada'' (elephantitis), ''pandu''(anemia), ''kushtha''(dermatosis), ''arochaka''(dyspepsia), ''prameha''(diabetes). Emesis induced by inhalation of powdered flower sprinkled over a garland is also described in this chapter. Drugs like ''Yashti, Kovidara, Karbudara, Nipa, Vidula, Bimbi, Shanapushpi, Sadapushpi, Pratyakpushpi, Bilwamoola, Mahajaalini,Jimutaka, Kritavedhana'' and ''Kutaja'' etc. are also incorporated along with ''Ikshvaku'' in various formulations.  

'''Keywords''': ''Ikshvaku'', Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley, ''Vamana'', therapeutic emesis.

'''Keywords''': ''Ikshvaku'', Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley, ''Vamana'', therapeutic emesis.

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

''Ikshvaku'' is referred at various places in [[Charaka Samhita]] by synonyms like ''Lamba, Katukalabu, Tumbi, Pindphala'' and ''Phalini''. It is indicated in ''Kasa''(cough), ''Shwasa''(dyspnea/asthma), ''Visha''(toxins), ''Chhardi''(vomiting), ''Jwara''(fever) and ''Pratamyata''(blackouts). The most potent and useful part employed in recipes are leaves (collected before flowering), fruits and seeds. Two more synonyms - ''Katutumbi'' and ''Mahaphala'' are quoted for ''Ikshvaku'' with ''hridya''( cardio-protective) and ''vishahara''( anti-poisonous) properties. <ref> 1. Prof. K.C. Chunekar, Commentator, Late Dr. G.S. Pandey, editor, Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Revised and enlarged edition 2010, Shakavarga, Chaukhamba Bharati Acadamy, Varanasi, pp 682</ref>

''Ikshvaku'' is referred at various places in [[Charaka Samhita]] by synonyms like ''Lamba, Katukalabu, Tumbi, Pindphala'' and ''Phalini''. It is indicated in ''Kasa''(cough), ''Shwasa''(dyspnea/asthma), ''Visha''(toxins), ''Chhardi''(vomiting), ''Jwara''(fever) and ''Pratamyata''(blackouts). The most potent and useful part employed in recipes are leaves (collected before flowering), fruits and seeds. Two more synonyms - ''Katutumbi'' and ''Mahaphala'' are quoted for ''Ikshvaku'' with ''hridya''( cardio-protective) and ''vishahara''( anti-poisonous) properties. <ref> Bhavamishra,Shakavarga, In:Prof. K.C. Chunekar,Late Dr. G.S. Pandey, editors,Bhavaprakash Nighantu, ?ed,Varanasi:Chaukhamba Bharati Acadamy,2010, pp 682</ref>

   

   

In a ''samabhasha'' (discussion) referred in [[Siddhi Sthana]], King Vamaka opined that ''Katutumbi'' is the best emetic and capable of eliminating ''doshas''. Lord Atreya concluded that ''Katutumbi'' is useful for the treatment of ''Prameha'' (urinary diseases including diabetes), however ''Madanaphala'' is superior, because it can be prescribed in various other disease conditions too.<ref>Ram Karan Sharma and Vaidya Bhagwan Dash, Caraka Samhita, Vol VI, Sidhhisthana, Chap 11, shlok no. 5-6, edition 2nd 2005, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi, pp. 382 </ref>

In a ''samabhasha'' (discussion) referred in [[Siddhi Sthana]], King Vamaka opined that ''Katutumbi'' is the best emetic and capable of eliminating [[dosha]]. Lord Atreya concluded that ''Katutumbi'' is useful for the treatment of ''Prameha'' (urinary diseases including diabetes), however ''Madanaphala'' is superior, because it can be prescribed in various other disease conditions too.[Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 11/5-6]

 

Rajanighantu mentioned several varieties of ''Tumbi'' like ''Kumbha tumbi, Ksheeratumbi, Bhutumbi'' etc. whereas Bhavamishra identified two varieties of ''Tumbi'', namely ''Madhura'' and ''Latatumbi''.

Rajanighantu mentioned several varieties of ''Tumbi'' like ''Kumbha tumbi, Ksheeratumbi, Bhutumbi'' etc. whereas Bhavamishra identified two varieties of ''Tumbi'', namely ''Madhura'' and ''Latatumbi''.

</div></div>

</div></div>

It is recommended for purpose of emesis in patients suffering from cough, dyspnea, poisoning, vomiting and fever as well as in patients reduced due to diseases of ''kapha'' or fainting. [4]

It is recommended for purpose of emesis in patients suffering from cough, dyspnea, poisoning, vomiting and fever as well as in patients reduced due to diseases of [[kapha]] or fainting. [4]

=== Various preparations ===

=== Various preparations ===

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A large fistful of the sprouts of the plant (leaves) that has not yet put forth flowers should be boiled in 64 ''tolas'' (768ml) of milk and given in the fever of the ''kapha'' type, with ''pitta'' provocation.[5]

A large fistful of the sprouts of the plant (leaves) that has not yet put forth flowers should be boiled in 64 ''tolas'' (768ml) of milk and given in the fever of the [[kapha]] type, with [[pitta]] provocation.[5]

As per the description of the recipes of ''jimutaka'' in the earlier chapter, four types of milk preparations are to be made out of its flowers etc.(Milk should be prepared with its flowers, milky gruel with freshly appeared fruits, milk cream with hairy fruits, curd with non hairy one and sour curd from milk boiled with the pale green fruit).The fifth one is made by soaking green – pale fruits in ''suramanda''. [6]

As per the description of the recipes of ''jimutaka'' in the earlier chapter, four types of milk preparations are to be made out of its flowers etc.(Milk should be prepared with its flowers, milky gruel with freshly appeared fruits, milk cream with hairy fruits, curd with non hairy one and sour curd from milk boiled with the pale green fruit).The fifth one is made by soaking green – pale fruits in ''suramanda''. [6]

One part of the expressed juice of the fruits should be boiled with three parts milk. This is to be administered in accumulation of ''kapha'' in the chest, in hoarseness of voice and chronic coryza.[7]

One part of the expressed juice of the fruits should be boiled with three parts milk. This is to be administered in accumulation of [[kapha]] in the chest, in hoarseness of voice and chronic coryza.[7]

The pulp of a ripe fruit of ''ikshvaku'' should be removed and in this shell, milk should be kept till it becomes curd. This curd should be given as potion in cough with expectoration, dyspnea and vomiting.[8]

The pulp of a ripe fruit of ''ikshvaku'' should be removed and in this shell, milk should be kept till it becomes curd. This curd should be given as potion in cough with expectoration, dyspnea and vomiting.[8]

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The demulcent drink with the extracted juice of the bottle gourd and ''saktu'' (roasted paddy powder) should be taken as potion in fever due to ''kapha'', cough, throat diseases and anorexia. [19]

The demulcent drink with the extracted juice of the bottle gourd and ''saktu'' (roasted paddy powder) should be taken as potion in fever due to [[kapha]], cough, throat diseases and anorexia. [19]

   

   

A portion of the paste of the bottle gourd seeds mixed with meat soup should be taken in ''gulma, meha'' and ''praseka''. By this, person vomits well without getting exhausted. [20]

A portion of the paste of the bottle gourd seeds mixed with meat soup should be taken in ''gulma, meha'' and ''praseka''. By this, person vomits well without getting exhausted. [20]

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles)==

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles)==

*''Ikshvaku'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is used as emetic in various diseases originated from vitiation of ''kapha'' and ''pitta''.

*''Ikshvaku'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is used as emetic in various diseases originated from vitiation of [[kapha]] and [[pitta]].

==Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences)==

==Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences)==

There is a scope to conduct clinical trials to study effect of Ikshvaku as emetic in diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia and liver disorders.

There is a scope to conduct clinical trials to study effect of Ikshvaku as emetic in diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia and liver disorders.

== Reference ==

== Reference ==

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