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<big>''' Abstract </big>'''

<big>''' Abstract </big>'''

 

The chapter deals with the etio-pathogenesis and management of ''hikka'' (hiccups) and ''shwasa'' (dyspnea). The general causative factors include dietary and environmental pathogens and specific pathogenesis is due to involvement of ''vata'' and ''kapha'' as major ''dosha''. Thus five types of ''hikka'' and ''shwasa'' are elaborated. The classification is based upon clinical presentation of disease and includes three types each of ''hikka'' and ''shwasa'' with bad prognostic signs pointing to imminent death. The description comprehends basic priniciples of management focused on removing obstruction of ''kapha'' and allowing proper flow of ''vata'' by means of purification therapies, sudation, nasal errhines, medicated smoking and various formulations. The management emphasizes on nourishment and pacification therapies to successfully treat and prevent ''shwasa'' and ''hikka'' conditions. Depletion therapies are strongly contra-indicated as they may worsen the condition of patient and disease.  

The chapter deals with the etio-pathogenesis and management of ''hikka'' (hiccups) and ''shwasa'' (dyspnea). The general causative factors include dietary and environmental pathogens and specific pathogenesis is due to involvement of ''vata'' and ''kapha'' as major ''dosha''. Thus five types of ''hikka'' and ''shwasa'' are elaborated. The classification is based upon clinical presentation of disease and includes three types each of ''hikka'' and ''shwasa'' with bad prognostic signs pointing to imminent death. The description comprehends basic priniciples of management focused on removing obstruction of ''kapha'' and allowing proper flow of ''vata'' by means of purification therapies, sudation, nasal errhines, medicated smoking and various formulations. The management emphasizes on nourishment and pacification therapies to successfully treat and prevent ''shwasa'' and ''hikka'' conditions. Depletion therapies are strongly contra-indicated as they may worsen the condition of patient and disease.  

'''Keywords''': ''Shwasa, hikka,'' dyspnea, hiccups, ''tamaka shwasa,'' bronchial asthma, respiratory disorders, ''vamana'', therapeutic emesis, ''virechana'', therapeutic purgation, ''swedana'', sudation.

'''Keywords''': ''Shwasa, hikka,'' dyspnea, hiccups, ''tamaka shwasa,'' bronchial asthma, respiratory disorders, ''vamana'', therapeutic emesis, ''virechana'', therapeutic purgation, ''swedana'', sudation. </div>

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== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

 

''Hikka'' (hiccups) and ''shwasa'' (dyspnea/shortness of breath) may be caused due to ''pandu roga''. (Chakrapani Cha. Chi 17/1). That is why this chapter follows the chapter on [[Pandu Chikitsa]]. ''Hikka'' and ''shwasa'' have common etiological factors (''karana'') like raja (pollen or dust particles), ''dhuma'' (smoke) etc., location (''sthana'') and treatment or ''mula''. For that reason, both conditions are described in the same chapter.

''Hikka'' (hiccups) and ''shwasa'' (dyspnea/shortness of breath) may be caused due to ''pandu roga''. (Chakrapani Cha. Chi 17/1). That is why this chapter follows the chapter on [[Pandu Chikitsa]]. ''Hikka'' and ''shwasa'' have common etiological factors (''karana'') like raja (pollen or dust particles), ''dhuma'' (smoke) etc., location (''sthana'') and treatment or ''mula''. For that reason, both conditions are described in the same chapter.

The patient suffering from ''hikka'' and ''shwasa'' should be treated with oleation, unctuous sudation to liquefy the accumulated ''kapha'', soften the channels and to facilitate ''vatanulomana'' (movement of ''vata'' in its normal direction). This should be followed by the administration elimination therapy in the form of ''vamana'' (emesis therapy), ''virechana'' (purgation), ''nasya'' and following of wholesome diet and regimen. The palliative medications should be administered keeping in view the condition of patient and stage of disease. Avoiding the causative factors and following wholesome regimen is important to prevent progress of disease and to reverse the pathogenesis. In brief ''shodhana'' followed by ''brimhana'' therapy (nourishing therapy) and ''shamana'' treatment (palliative therapy) are the ideal management methods in ''hikka'' and ''shwasa''.

The patient suffering from ''hikka'' and ''shwasa'' should be treated with oleation, unctuous sudation to liquefy the accumulated ''kapha'', soften the channels and to facilitate ''vatanulomana'' (movement of ''vata'' in its normal direction). This should be followed by the administration elimination therapy in the form of ''vamana'' (emesis therapy), ''virechana'' (purgation), ''nasya'' and following of wholesome diet and regimen. The palliative medications should be administered keeping in view the condition of patient and stage of disease. Avoiding the causative factors and following wholesome regimen is important to prevent progress of disease and to reverse the pathogenesis. In brief ''shodhana'' followed by ''brimhana'' therapy (nourishing therapy) and ''shamana'' treatment (palliative therapy) are the ideal management methods in ''hikka'' and ''shwasa''.

 

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation ==

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation ==

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iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH ||2||

iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH ||2||

</div></div>

</div></div>

 

Now we shall expound the chapter "Hikka-Shwasa chikitsa"(Management of Hikka (Hiccups) and Shwasa (Dyspnea)). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

Now we shall expound the chapter "Hikka-Shwasa chikitsa"(Management of Hikka (Hiccups) and Shwasa (Dyspnea)). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

#Other formulations: ''Shvasakuthara rasa, Suvarna malini vasanta rasa, laghu malini vasanta''.  

#Other formulations: ''Shvasakuthara rasa, Suvarna malini vasanta rasa, laghu malini vasanta''.  

#''Asava-arishta'': ''Kanakasava, dashamularishta, draksharishta, vasavaleha.''

#''Asava-arishta'': ''Kanakasava, dashamularishta, draksharishta, vasavaleha.''

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