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Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya (view source)

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===Sanskrit text, transliteration and english translation===

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सूत्रस्थानम् - १. दीर्घञ्जीवितीयोऽध्यायः

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====Hierarchy of transformation of knowledge of [[Ayurveda]] on earth====

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दीर्घं जीवितमन्विच्छन्भरद्वाज उपागमत्|

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</div></div>

Bharadwaja [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharadwaja]], a great ascetic, went to Indra[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra]], the King of Gods and the saviour, in quest of longevity. [3]

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ब्रह्मणा हि यथाप्रोक्तमायुर्वेदं प्रजापतिः|

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====Conference on quest of longevity ====

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विघ्नभूता यदा रोगाः प्रादुर्भूताः शरीरिणाम्|

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====List of scholars participated in the conference ====

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अङ्गिरा जमदग्निश्च वसिष्ठः कश्यपो भृगुः|

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====Four Objectives of Life====

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धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाणामारोग्यं मूलमुत्तमम्||१५||

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Health is the best source of virtue, wealth, gratification and emancipation while diseases are destroyers of this (source), welfare and life itself. Now this (disease) has appeared as a great obstacle for human beings and what could be the means for their amelioration. Saying this they concentrated on (finding the solution). Then in that state of meditation they realised Indra as saviour. That the King of the Gods only be able to tell the correct means of amelioration (of diseases).[15-17]

</div>

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कः सहस्राक्षभवनं गच्छेत् प्रष्टुं शचीपतिम्||१८||

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====Three principles for knowledge of Health and Disease ====

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हेतुलिङ्गौषधज्ञानं स्वस्थातुरपरायणम्|

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</div></div>

[[Ayurveda]] provides the knowledge of etiology, symptomatology and therapeutics, best ways for both the healthy and the sick this tri-aphorismic, continuing for the time immemorial and virtuous knowledge which was known to Brahma first. [24]

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सोऽनन्तपारं त्रिस्कन्धमायुर्वेदं महामतिः|

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====Six Basic Principles for direct knowledge====

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ऋषयश्च भरद्वाजाज्जगृहुस्तं प्रजाहितम्|

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====Six disciples of Punarvasu Atreya====

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अथ मैत्रीपरः पुण्यमायुर्वेदं पुनर्वसुः|

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====Inception of Agnivesha ''Tantra''====

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बुद्धेर्विशेषस्तत्रासीन्नोपदेशान्तरं मुनेः|

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====Definition of [[Ayurveda]]====

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हिताहितं सुखं दुःखमायुस्तस्य हिताहितम्|

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====Definition of ''Ayu'' (life) and its synonyms ====

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शरीरेन्द्रियसत्त्वात्मसंयोगो धारि जीवितम्|

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</div>

====Superiority of [[Ayurveda]] (over other ''Vedas'')====

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तस्यायुषः पुण्यतमो वेदो वेदविदां मतः|

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==== [http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Samanya_Vishesha_Theory| Principle of Samanya(similarity) and Vishesha(difference)] ====

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सर्वदा सर्वभावानां सामान्यं वृद्धिकारणम्|

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</div></div>

The principle ''samanya'' causes increase and the principle ''vishesha'' causes decrease of all the existing elements at all times, both these effects are produced by their application in the body.[44]

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सामान्यमेकत्वकरं, विशेषस्तु पृथक्त्वकृत्|

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====The "Tripod" of Living World and the Objective of [[Ayurveda]] ====

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सत्त्वमात्मा शरीरं च त्रयमेतत्त्रिदण्डवत्|

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====Sentient and Insentient ''Dravya'' (elements)====

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खादीन्यात्मा मनः कालो दिशश्च द्रव्यसङ्ग्रहः|

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</div>

====''Guna'' (basic properties/qualities) and ''Karma'' (action)====

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सार्था गुर्वादयो बुद्धिः प्रयत्नान्ताः परादयः|

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====Inseparable Concomitance of dravya(elementary substance) and guna (properties) ====

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समवायोऽपृथग्भावो भूम्यादीनां गुणैर्मतः|

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====Definition of ''Dravya'' (elementary substance)====

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यत्राश्रिताः कर्मगुणाः कारणं समवायि यत्|

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====Definition of ''Guna''====

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समवायी तु निश्चेष्टः कारणं गुणः||५१||

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====''Karma'' (action) ====

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संयोगे च विभागे च कारणं द्रव्यमाश्रितम्|

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====The Objective of this Compendium ====

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इत्युक्तं कारणं कार्यं धातुसाम्यमिहोच्यते|

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====Three Types of Causes of Diseases ====

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कालबुद्धीन्द्रियार्थानां योगो मिथ्या न चाति च|

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====Two Sites of Pleasure and Disease ====

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शरीरं सत्त्वसञ्ज्ञं च व्याधीनामाश्रयो मतः|

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====The Soul ====

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निर्विकारः परस्त्वात्मा सत्त्वभूतगुणेन्द्रियैः|

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====Three [[Sharira]] [[Dosha]] and two [[Manas]] [[Dosha]] ====

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वायुः पित्तं कफश्चोक्तः शारीरो दोषसङ्ग्रहः|

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=====Management of [[dosha]] =====

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प्रशाम्यत्यौषधैः पूर्वो दैवयुक्तिव्यपाश्रयैः|

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=====Properties and pacification of [[dosha]]=====

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रूक्षः शीतो लघुः सूक्ष्मश्चलोऽथ विशदः खरः|

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==== General principles of management of disorders and prognosis ====

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विपरीतगुणैर्देशमात्राकालोपपादितैः|

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====''Rasa'' (taste sensations) ====

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रसनार्थो रसस्तस्य द्रव्यमापः क्षितिस्तथा|

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===== Group of six ''rasa''(taste sensations) =====

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स्वादुरम्लोऽथ लवणः कटुकस्तिक्त एव च|

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===== Effect of ''rasa'' on state of ''dosha'' =====

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स्वाद्वम्ललवणा वायुं, कषायस्वादुतिक्तकाः|

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==== Classification of ''dravya'' based on action ====

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किञ्चिद्दोषप्रशमनं किञ्चिद्धातुप्रदूषणम्|

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==== Classification of dravya (elementary substance) according to Source ====

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तत् पुनस्त्रिविधं प्रोक्तं जङ्गमौद्भिदपार्थिवम् |

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===== Animal origin substances =====

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मधूनि गोरसाः पित्तं वसा मज्जाऽसृगामिषम्||६८||

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===== Earth origin substances =====

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सुवर्णं समलाः पञ्च लोहाः ससिकताः सुधा|

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===== Plant origin substances =====

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भौममौषधमुद्दिष्टमौद्भिदं तु चतुर्विधम्|

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====== Four types of substances from plant origin ======

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फलैर्वनस्पतिः पुष्पैर्वानस्पत्यः फलैरपि|

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===== Plant’s parts used as drugs =====

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मूलत्वक्सारनिर्यासनाल(ड)स्वरसपल्लवाः|

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==== Groups of substances for medicinal use ====

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मूलिन्यः षोडशैकोना फलिन्यो विंशतिः स्मृताः||७४||

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</div>

=====Sixteen roots used for ''shodhana'' (purification) =====

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हस्तिदन्ती हैमवती श्यामा त्रिवृदधोगुडा|

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</div>

===== Fruits used for ''shodhana'' (purification therapy) =====

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...फलिनीः शृणु||८०||

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</div>

=====Four major unctuous substances=====

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सर्पिस्तैलं वसा मज्जा स्नेहो दिष्टश्चतुर्विधः ||८६||

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======General actions of unctuous substances ======

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स्नेहना जीवना वर्ण्या बलोपचयवर्धनाः||८७||

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=====Five salts =====

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सौवर्चलं सैन्धवं च विडमौद्भिदमेव च||८८||

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======Utility of salts ======

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आलेपनार्थे युज्यन्ते स्नेहस्वेदविधौ तथा|

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</div>

=====Eight important origins of urine =====

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... न्यू(ऊ)र्ध्वं मूत्राण्यष्टौ निबोध मे||९२||

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====== General properties and external uses of urine ======

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उष्णं तीक्ष्णमथोऽरूक्षं कटुकं लवणान्वितम्||९४||

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====== Internal uses of urine ======

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युक्तमास्थापने मूत्रं युक्तं चापि विरेचने||९५||

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Urines are also used in the preparations of evacuator enema, purgatives, poultice (''upanaha'') and affusion (''parisheka'') as well as in antidote (''agada'') preparations. It is indicated in afflictions such as retention of feces, urine and flatulence (''anaha''), generalized enlargement of abdomen (''udara roga''), ''gulma'', piles, dermatosis (''kushtha'') and leukoderma [95-96.5]

</div>

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दीपनीयं विषघ्नं च क्रिमिघ्नं चोपदिश्यते||९७||

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Urines have been prescribed as digestive stimulants, antidotes to poison and as vermicides. They are excellent for the treatment of persons suffering from ''pandu'' (anemia) [97.5]

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श्लेष्माणं शमयेत् पीतं मारुतं चानुलोमयेत्||९८||

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</div>

====== Properties of urine of ewe and goat ======

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अविमूत्रं सतिक्तं स्यात् स्निग्धं पित्ताविरोधि च|

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======Properties of cow’s urine ======

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गव्यं समधुरं किञ्चिद्दोषघ्नं क्रिमिकुष्ठनुत्|

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======Properties of urine of buffalo and elephant ======

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अर्शःशोफोदरघ्नं तु सक्षारं माहिषं सरम्|

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</div>

======Properties of urine of she-camel ======

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सतिक्तं श्वासकासघ्नमर्शोघ्नं चौष्ट्रमुच्यते||१०३||

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====== Properties of urine of mare and she-donkey ======

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वाजिनां तिक्तकटुकं कुष्ठव्रणविषापहम्|

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=====Eight important origins of milk =====

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अतः क्षीराणि वक्ष्यन्ते कर्म चैषां गुणाश्च ये||१०५||

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====== General properties and actions of milk ======

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प्रायशो मधुरं स्निग्धं शीतं स्तन्यं पयो मतम्|

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====== General indications of milk ======

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पाण्डुरोगेऽम्लपित्ते च शोषे गुल्मे तथोदरे|

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====== Pharmaceutical uses of milk ======

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नस्यालेपावगाहेषु वमनास्थापनेषु च|

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Milk is used in many types of preparation including for nasal medication, external applications, tub baths, emesis, enema, purgation and unctuous therapies [112]

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यथाक्रमं क्षीरगुणानेकैकस्य पृथक् पृथक्|

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===== Plants with latex =====

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अथापरे त्रयो वृक्षाः पृथग्ये फलमूलिभिः|

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===== Three bark-plants used as drug and their therapeutic uses =====

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इमांस्त्रीनपरान् वृक्षानाहुर्येषां हितास्त्वचः|

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There are three more trees whose bark is used as drug.

These are ''Putika'', ''Krishnagandha'' and ''Tilvaka''. [116]

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विरेचने प्रयोक्तव्यः पूतीकस्तिल्वकस्तथा|

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===== Summary of descriptions of the plants =====

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इत्युक्ताः फलमूलिन्यः स्नेहाश्च लवणानि च|

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==== Importance and methods of identification of plants ====

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ओषधीर्नामरूपाभ्यां जानते ह्यजपा वने|

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===== Limitation of knowledge of names of medicines only =====

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न नामज्ञानमात्रेण रूपज्ञानेन वा पुनः|

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===== Importance of complete knowledge of therapeutic actions of plants =====

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योगवित्त्वप्यरूपज्ञस्तासां तत्त्वविदुच्यते|

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====Best physician ====

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योगमासां तु यो विद्याद्देशकालोपपादितम्|

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====Denouncing of quacks ====

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यथा विषं यथा शस्त्रं यथाऽग्निरशनिर्यथा|

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A drug that is understood perfectly can be used as an ambrosia. But the use of a drug that is not understood perfectly may work as poison, weapon, fire or a "bolt of thunder" [124]

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औषधं ह्यनभिज्ञातं नामरूपगुणैस्त्रिभिः|

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A drug whose name, form and properties are not known or a drug ,though known but not administered properly, spells disaster [125]

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योगादपि विषं तीक्ष्णमुत्तमं भेषजं भवेत्|

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Even a virulent poison can be converted into an excellent medicine when prepared and administered using the right methods. Conversely, even a good medicine may act as a potent poison if improperly administered [126].

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तस्मान्न भिषजा युक्तं युक्तिबाह्येन भेषजम्|

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Therefore an intelligent man who desires health and long life should not take any medicine prescribed by a physician who is a complete stranger to the application of medicines [127]

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कुर्यान्निपतितो मूर्ध्नि सशेषं वासवाशनिः|

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One may survive a bolt of lightning on one’s head, but one cannot expect to escape the fatal effects of medicines prescribed by an ignorant physician [128]

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दुःखिताय शयानाय श्रद्दधानाय रोगिणे|

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</div>

==== Sinful deeds about exploitation of patient ====

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वरमाशीविषविषं क्वथितं ताम्रमेव वा|

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====Quest to become good physician ====

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भिषग्बुभूषुर्मतिमानतः स्वगुणसम्पदि|

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====Qualities of best drug and physician ====

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तदेव युक्तं भैषज्यं यदारोग्याय कल्पते|

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The right medicine is that which restores the health and best physician is that who relieves patients from their diseases [134]

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सम्यक्प्रयोगं सर्वेषां सिद्धिराख्याति कर्मणाम्|

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====Summary ====

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तत्र श्लोकाः-

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The denunciation of quacks, points indicating the qualities of best physician; all these have been described in brief in the first chapter by the great sages [140]

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इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते सूत्रस्थाने दीर्घञ्जीवितीयो नाम प्रथमोऽध्यायः||१||

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ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē sūtrasthānē dīrghañjīvitīyō nāma prathamō'dhyāyaḥ||1||

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</div></div>

Thus the first chapter entitled ‘The Quest for Longevity’ of the section of [[Sutra Sthana]] (general principles) of the treatise compiled by Agnivesha and revised by Charak is completed (1).

Agnivesha

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